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  • 1
    ISSN: 0007-0874
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: History , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 77 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abscisic acid (ABA) and wheat germ agglutinin content of immature wheat grains and embryos was determined by immunoassay throughout the development of a field-grown wheat crop (Triticum aestivum cv. Timmo). Wheat germ agglutinin accumulation in the embryo was not preceded by an increase in endogenous abscisic acid amount or concentration in either embryos or grains. At a later stage in development the endogenous concentration of abscisic acid in both embryos and grains was found to be two orders of magnitude lower than the endogenous levels required to inhibit precocious germination and promote wheat germ agglutinin accumulation in excised embryos cultured in vitro. These findings are discussed in the context of the control of embryo development in vivo by both ABA and the water status of the grain and embryo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 10 (1986), S. 410-421 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Il y a plus d'une décennie que la première description de la guérison du diabète expérimental du rat par transplantation d'ilôts de Langerhans isolés de rat adulte a été publiée mais malgré un grand nombre d'études expérimentales cette transplantation chez l'homme ne s'est pas imposée définitivement. Les expériences chez le rongeur ont démontré qu'elle était possible. En effet, il est possible de guérir le diabète expérimental, de normaliser le métabolisme glucidique et ainsi de prévenir ou de traiter les complications du diabète. Le problème de la rejection de l'allogreffe, encore que considérable, n'est pas insurmontable et de nombreuses méthodes permettent de la contrôler. Les études chez des animaux plus gros que les rongeurs ont été moins favorables et la méthode idéale de transplantation des ilôts isolés n'a pas été découverte. Les tentatives cliniques de transplantation d'ilôts purifiés n'ont pas été suivies de succès. La technique de transplantation de tissu pancréatique non purifié chez le chien a été réussie mais elle s'est montrée inefficace et dangereuse chez l'homme. Ces résultats décevants suggèrent à première vue que les perspectives de transplantation insulaire en clinique humaine sont décourageantes. En fait, le problème posé par les études conduites chez les grands mammifères et chez l'homme se résume dans la difficulté de séparer les ilôts de Langerhans purs et viables du parenchyme pancréatique. La description récente de méthodes de séparation plus efficaces permet d'espérer le succès de la transplantation chez l'homme dans un proche avenir.
    Abstract: Resumen Ha pasado ya una década desde la primera descripción de la curación de diabetes experimental en ratas por medio del transplante de islotes de Langerhans aislados. A pesar de un número considerable de estudios experimentales, el transplante clínico de islotes todavía no es una realidad, lo cual plantea interrogantes sobre la factibilidad de este aproche. Experimentos en roedores han demostrado la potencialidad del transplante de islotes aislados. Es posible lograr la curación de diabetes inducida experimentalmente y restaurar el metabolismo normal de glucosa con prevención, y aun reversión, de las complicaciones de la diabetes. El problema del rechazo del aloinjerto, aunque es formidable, no es imposible de vencer y hoy existe una variedad de técnicas para lograr superarlo. Estudios en animales de mayor tamaño corporal que los roedores han mostrado menos éxito y aun no se ha logrado un método reproducible de transplante exitoso de islotes. Los métodos de transplante clínico de islotes purificados tampoco han sido exitosos. El transplante de tejido pancreático no purificado y disperso ha sido utilizado exitosamente en perros, pero estas técnicas han probado ser peligrosas e ineficientes en su aplicación clínica. Estos resultados decepcionantes sugieren, por lo menos superficialmente, que las perspectivas del transplante clínico de islotes son sombrías. Realmente el problema de todos los estudios realizados en mamíferos mayores y en humanos ha sido la falta de una técnica efectiva de separación de islotes viables y purificados a partir del páncreas. La descripción reciente de métodos eficientes de separación permite abrigar nuevas esperanzas en cuanto al transplante clínico.
    Notes: Abstract It is over a decade since the first description of cure of experimental diabetes in rats by transplantation of isolated adult islets of Langerhans. Despite a remarkable number of experimental studies, clinical islet transplantation is still not a reality, raising questions about the feasibility of this approach. Experiments in rodents have demonstrated the potential of isolated islet transplantation. It is possible to cure experimentally induced diabetes and restore normal glucose metabolism with prevention or even reversal of diabetic complications. The problem of allograft rejection, while formidable, is not insurmountable and a number of techniques are now available to achieve this aim. Studies in animals larger than the rodent have been less successful and no repeatable method for isolated islet transplantation has so far emerged. Attempts at clinical purified islet transplantation have also proven unsuccessful. Transplantation of unpurified dispersed pancreatic tissue has been used successfully in dogs, but the technique has proven dangerous and inefficient when applied clinically. These disappointing results suggest, superficially, that the prospects for clinical islet transplantation are bleak. In reality, the problem in all the studies conducted in large mammals and humans has been the lack of an efficient method for separation of viable purified islets from the human and large mammalian pancreas. The recent description of more efficient islet separation methods allows new hope for clinical transplantation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgery today 17 (1987), S. 323-333 
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Keywords: organ transplantation ; histocompatibility antigen ; cell mediated immune response ; specific immunosuppression ; induction of tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Although there have been dramatic advances in clinical organ transplantation over the past 20 years, rejection, both acute and chronic, and the complications of immunosuppression remain major problems. Nevertheless as our understanding of the immune response to a vascularized organ allograft develops, so too will our ability to develop more specific immunosuppression. In any strategy for more specific immunosuppression compatibility for the major histocompatibility complex of antigens (HLA in man) is likely to be important. Monoclonal antibodies to T cell subpopulations, or even to T cells specifically activated by the graft, provide methods of suppressing the immune response at a more specific level. The recognition that stable grafts are maintained, at least in experimental rodent models, by T suppressor cells may allow development of precise methods of inducing the generation of such cells in clinical practice. The induction of tolerance in the adult animal can be achieved in a number of ways, the most promising of which for clinical application, is antigen pretreatment. If tolerance could be achieved in clinical practice within the not too distant future, then this would represent the attainment of the ultimate goal of transplantation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
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    Detroit, Mich. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Technology and Culture. 28:3 (1987:July) 693 
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  • 6
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    Detroit, Mich. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Technology and Culture. 28:3 (1987:July) 693 
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  • 7
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    Detroit, Mich. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Technology and Culture. 28:3 (1987:July) 693 
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] H-2D, H-2K or H-2IAa and H-2IAp genes from C57BL/10 (H-2b) mice were transfected into C3H/He (H-2k) derived, class II-negative L-cells and cloned by flow cytometry (Fig. 1). The authenticity of the H-2b gene product expressed by each clone was confirmed by monoclonal antibody (mAb) binding (Fig. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: fruit ripening ; tomatoes ; polygalacturonase ; antisense
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ripening is a complex developmental process involving changes in the biochemistry, physiology and gene expression of the fruit. It is an active process characterised by changes in all cellular compartments. cDNA cloning has been used as an approach to analyse changes in gene expression during fruit ripening. This has revealed that several genes are switched on specifically during fruit ripening, including one encoding polygalacturonase (PG), a major cell wall protein. These cDNA clones have been used to study the expression of the genes in normal and ripening mutant fruits, and under environmental stress conditions. The PG gene has been isolated and it has been demonstrated that 1450 bases 5′ of the coding region are sufficient for the tissue- and development-specific expression of a bacterial marker gene in transgenic tomatoes. Antisense RNA techniques have been developed to generate novel mutant tomatoes in which the biochemical function of this enzyme and its involvement in fruit softening has been tested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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