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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Report of the symposium (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 63 (1985), S. 1005-1008 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Analgesia ; Plasma substitutes ; Post-operative care ; Wound infection ; ARDS (adult respiratory distress syndrome)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The past decades have seen considerable shifts of emphasis in surgical care. The recognition that pus was not laudable, was followed by a realisation that not all complications were inevitable and that prophylaxis could effectively reduce the incidence of most common problems in the post-operative period. As anaesthesia has become safer, it has been possible to embark on more intricate and prolonged procedures and for sufficient time to be available to ensure adequate intraoperative care. These two phenomena have firstly increased the complexity of management in the post-operative period, and have brought this aspect of surgical care more obviously to the limelight. However, many separate disciplines are involved in the care of the patient post-operatively, and the Symposium was organised1 to bring the different groups together to identify the areas of recent development in the different specialities and to integrate the overall care of the individual patient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01737637
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the histamine-releasing activity of cremophor El® and some of its derivatives in two experimental models: Thein vivo anaesthetized dog andin vitro rat peritoneal mast cells (1985)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 16 (1985), S. 265-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Histamine release caused by drugs and/or their solvents in clinical conditions is a well documented observation but the mechanism of this reaction is poorly understood. hence in this study, the histamine releasing ability of cremophor El® and six derivatives of 12-hydroxystearic acid (12-HSA) were compared in two models: thein vivo anaesthetized dog and thein vitro isolated rat peritoneal mast cells. The results obtained in both systems differed markedly. Only one compound DH (the diester of 12-HSA with polyethylene glycol) released histamine in both systems. The two substances, which exhibited the weakest histamine releasing ability in the dog model (almost inactive at the doses given) were powerful releasers of histamine from rat peritoneal mast cells (TN, 12-HSA polymerized with ethylene oxide; and ME, the monoester of 12-HSA esterified with polyethylene glycol). The release of histamine from rat peritoneal mast cells was potentiated as the temperature was elevated above 37°C. Due to the heterogenelty of mast cells from both different species and different tissues in the same animal, it is important to choose the appropriate predictive model for clinically important adverse reactions to drugs and/or their solvents. Agents which release histamine by non-specific mechanisms are not uninteresting for the clinical situation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01983156
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induced histidine decarboxylase in endotoxic shock: Identification of the enzyme in rat liver and influence of its inhibitors on survival parameters (1986)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 18 (1986), S. 23-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The hypothesis of a causal relationship between a progressive and unrestrained increase of tissue histamine formation by activation of an inducible histidine decarboxylase (HDC) and lethality in endotoxic shock (Schayer's ‘induced histamine concept’) was tested in a standardized rat endotoxic shock model. Initial enzyme identification studies in the rat shock liver (8 hrs after endotoxin challenge) clearly demonstrate that the ‘induced’ histidine decarboxylase is an acid (specific) HDC. The succeeding randomized, controlled study with appropriate inhibitors of the enzyme, α-methyl-histidine (competitive inhibitor) and α-fluoromethyl-histidine (irreversible inhibitor) using doses of 2, 20 or 100 mg/kg showedno significant effect on the survival rate of rats in endotoxin shock. The survival rate of the non-treated endotoxin control group (NaCl) was 25%; all methylprednisolone treated rats (50 mg/kg) survived. Thus, the ‘induced’ histamine isnot a predominant factor (necessary or sufficient determinant) for the lethal outcome in rat endotoxic shock. The protective effect of MP isnot predominantly due to the inhibition of the ‘induced’ histidine decarboxylase. The use of HDC-inhibitors as the appropriate instruments for evaluation of the significance of this mechanism is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01987973
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation of mast cells from rabbit lung and liver: Comparison of histamine release induced by the hypnotics althesin® and propanidid (1987)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 20 (1987), S. 219-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The enzyme collagenase was used to disperse rabbit lung and liver into their component cells. The resulting cell suspensions contained ca. 6.9% (lung) or 6.5% (liver) mast cells and were used in studies of histamine release without further purification. Both cell suspensions exhibited a low spontaneous release of histamine (ca. 6.6% lung, ca. 7.2% liver). Both cell types responded to challenge with anti-rabbit serum with a maximum release of the amine of ca. 22% (lung) and ca. 45% (liver). Concanavalin A challenge generally resulted in bell-shaped dose response curves, however some lung preparations did not respond. The rabbit cells were refractory to stimulation by Compound 48/80 and dextran. However a dose-dependent release of histamine was elicited after challenge with the detergents cremophor El®, TN (12-hydroxystearic acid polymerized with ethylene oxide, degree of polymerization 15) and the hypnotics Althesin® and propanidid. The maximum release observed depended on which cell preparation had been used. These results further emphazise the functional heterogeneity of mast cells from both different species and from different organs within the same species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02074674
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of risk for pseudoallergic reactions and histamine release in patients undergoing anaesthesia and surgery: A computer-aided model using independence-Bayes (1988)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 23 (1988), S. 366-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A computer-aided model for the prediction of pseudoallergic reactions was developed using prospective data collected from 581 patients in a controlled clinical trial examining pseudoallergic reactions to the plasma substitute Haemaccel (outdated formulation). The multivariate analysis of 22 proposed risk factors was performed using Bayes theorem. This enabled the accurate prediction of 86% of the patients who had a systemic reaction. The clinical use of such system would enable a selection of patients to receive the effective prophylactic measure of pretreatment with H1 plus H2-receptor antagonists.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02142589
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histamine release from canine lung and liver mast cells induced by radiographic contrast media (1989)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 27 (1989), S. 101-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Radiographic contrast media are commonly used diagnostic aids to improve imaging, e.g. in computerized tomography. However, the routine application of these agents may cause adverse allergic/pseudoallergic reactions. In order to understand more completely the underlying mechanisms involved in these reactions, experiments on histamine release bothin vivo andin vitro are necessary. Using canine mast cell suspensions from lung and liver, we have investigated the histamine release caused by six commonly used preparations. The dog is an ideal model for bothin vitro andin vivo studies not only by virtue of its size but also because of its similarity to man with respect to e.g. cardiovascular reactions after drug-induced histamine release. The two non-ionic preparations (Solutrast, Ultravist) released little histamine from both cell types (ca. 4–6%). The ionic contrast media (Angiographin, Hexabrix, Telebrix, Rayvist) dose-dependently released histamine from the liver cells and pulmonary cells (maximum release between 18–35%). The liver cells (the liver is the shock organ in the dog) reacted more strongly to these agents than the pulmonary cells, thus providing further evidence for mast cell heterogeneity and the importance of selecting the appropriate mast cell model for the investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02222210
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiographic contrast media-induced histamine release: A comparative study with mast cells from different species (1989)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 27 (1989), S. 104-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Radiographic contrast media in clinical use cause unwanted allergic and pseudoallergic reactions. To investigate the mechanisms of these reactions, studies on isolated mast cells from different species and sites are necessary. In this study, the effect of six commonly used contrast media on rat (peritoneal, lung) and human (lung) mast cells was investigated. The three preparations with low osmolalities (Hexabrix, Solutrast, Ultravist) released little or no histamine from the cells examined. In contrast, the three preparations with high osmolalities (Angiographin, Telebrix, Rayvist) were potent releasing agents. However, the degree of release and the order of potency was different depending on the cells investigated. Indeed, rat peritoneal mast cells required much higher concentrations before release was observed. Since the contrast media with low osmolality also cause histamine release and reactionsin vivo, other systems (e.g. complement) must be additionally involved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02222211
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Food-induced histaminosis under diamine oxidase (DAO) blockade in pigs: Further evidence of the key role of elevated plasma histamine levels as demonstrated by successful prophylaxis with antihistamines (1989)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 27 (1989), S. 212-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Using a recently established porcine model, it was clearly shown that oral histamine administration is extremely dangerous in the presence of diamine oxidase (DAO) blockade. Due to the severity of the symptoms (20% death) and the clinical relevance, further interest has been focussed on strategies to prevent or alleviate food induced histaminosis. In a randomized controlled trial, 10 pigs under DAO blockade were challenged with oral histamine (60 mg). Half of these animals received a prophylactic premedication with a combination of H1- and H2-receptor antagonists. As expected, all animals developed a massive increase in plasma histamine levels, with significantly higher values in the control group (median: 123 ng/ml) compared to the antihistamine group (median: 32 ng/ml). In contrast, clinical symptoms were only observed in the control group. The maximum fall in mean arterial pressure (hypotension) was 60 mmHg (median for control group) but only 15 mmHg (median) under antihistamine pretreatment. These results firstly provide further evidence for the causal role of histamine in the new disease concept and secondly enable us to investigate appropriate therapeutic measures for patients at risk.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02222242
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of human and canine diamine oxidase by drugs used in an intensive care unit: Relevance for clinical side effects? (1985)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 16 (1985), S. 91-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Three hundred and forty-one drugs, commonly used in intensive care units (ICU), were chosen for an investigation of possible activation or inhibition of the histamine metabolizing enzyme diamine oxidase (DAO). After examination of 164 substances, using both canine and human DAO in anin vitro screening test, 61 agents inhibited DAO activity to various degrees. Of these, 44 inhibited the enzyme from both species, 4 inhibited the canine enzyme only and 13 the human DAO only. No. compound tested was able to enhance the enzyme activity. The inhibiting agents included representatives of all major therapeutic groups. A particlarly strong inhibition was observed with the neuromuscular blocking drugsd-tubocurarine, pancuronium and alcuronium, however, the other commonly used neuromuscular blocking drug, suxamethonium, was without effect. Similarly with the cephalosporines, cefotiame and cefuroxime caused a marked inhibition of the human DAO activity, whereas another regularly-used substance of this class, cefotaxime, inhibited neither the human nor the canine enzyme in concentrations up to 10−3 M. The observation that within a given therapeutic group some members inhibit and others do not, could be useful in choosing a therapy concept which minimizes the risk of a more severe ‘histamine’ reaction in seriously ill patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01983109
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of intestinal diamine oxidase by detergents: a problem for drug formulations with water insoluble agents applied by the intravenous route? (1987)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 20 (1987), S. 270-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract One hundred and twenty four water-insoluble drugs were included in a study for their action on diamine oxidase (DAO) after solubilization with 61 detergents. 16 detergents were themselves not watersoluble and were not further investigated. A further 3 detergents affected the extraction procedure and 7 of the remaining 42 detergents themselves inhibited the activity of canine intestinal DAOin vitro. Only 5 detergents fulfilled all prerequisites for our DAO assay, including the solubilization of 76 water-insoluble drugs. Each of these 5 detergents had an individual range of suitability in our test system. 3/76 drugs inhibited DAO in concentrations up to 10−3 M. This result is in contrast to our study with water-soluble substances, where 16% were DAO inhibitors. Since detergents can block the enzyme which is responsible for histamine catabolism, some of the observed adverse reactions to drugs could arise because of the presence of such detergents in the formulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02074688
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