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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin, Heidelberg :Springer Berlin / Heidelberg,
    Keywords: Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (350 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783642705182
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 64 (1988), S. 2749-2751 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We describe an interdigital linear electro-optic modulator produced from a novel polymer. The polymer was formed into a thin phase grating by simultaneous application of heat and a periodic electric field. The first maximum generated by diffraction of 633-nm HeNe laser light passing through the grating was electrically modulated to a depth of over 17%. The performance of the modulator is compared with a quadratic electro-optic modulator having the same electrode structure but where the polymer was replaced by nitrobenzene. It is estimated that the application of a thermopoling field strength of 20 V/μm to the polymer would impart a linear electro-optic coefficient of about 30 pm/V, which is comparable to the largest coefficient of lithium niobate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 23 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : A computerized geographic information system (GIS) was created in support of data requirements by a hydrologic model designed to predict the runoff hydrograph from ungaged basins. Some geomorphologic characteristics (i.e., channel lengths) were manually measured from topographic maps, while other parameters such as drainage area and number of channels of a specified order, land use, and soil type were digitized and manipulated through use of the GIS. The model required the generation of an integrated Soil Conservation Service (SCS) curve number for the entire basin. To this end, soil associations and land use (generated from analysis of Landsat satellite data) were merged in the GIS to acquire a map representing SCS runoff curve numbers. The volume of runoff obtained from the Watershed Hydrology Simulation (WAHS) Model using this map was compared to the volume computed by hydrograph separation and found to be accurate within 19 percent error. To quantify the effect of changing land use on basin hydrology, the GIS was used to vary percentages from the drainage area from forest to bare soil. By changing the basin runoff curve numbers, significant changes in peak discharge were noted; however, the time to peak discharge remained essentially independent of change in area of land use. The GIS capability eliminated many of the more traditional manual phases of data input arid manipulation, thereby allowing researchers to concentrate on the development and calibration of the model and the interpretation of presumably more accurate results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Medicine 39 (1988), S. 213-219 
    ISSN: 0066-4219
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 99 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A diallel cross amongst four contrasting white clover varieties was used to provide genetic information on those characters which affect the productivity of white clover-perennial ryegrass mixtures when grown under a cutting-only management regime. Generally speaking those characters recorded on the clover families and in mixtures exhibited highly significant additive and non-ad dative genetic effects, though for1 sortie characters the latter could not be ascribed solely to dominance effects. For two of the clover characters, stolon and leaf number, the genetic picture was radically altered in mixtures by the effects of inter-specific competition Pseudo-genetic effects were also detected for the grass characters, bur it was suggested that the two ryegrass varieties used here were exhibiting phenotypic plasticity. As a group the four intra-varietal crosses performed significantly better than the six intra-varietal crosses for all clover and mixture characters. Only one of the inter-varietal crosses had significantly positive specific combining ability effects for most characters and that was between the two long established varieties ‘S. 184’ and ‘S. 100’. The implications of these results for the breeding of white clover varieties for use in mixtures are briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 99 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Seasonal trends among those characters, affecting productivity in white clover-perennial ryegrass mixtures were investigated m a set of 20 mixtures using clover material derived from a. diallel cross between four contrasting white clover varieties. The productivity and associated vegetative characters showed the familiar pattern of high grass production in spring, and early summer, with a secondary peak of growth in autumn, whilst clover achieved its; highest productivity levels in mid-summer. A significant linear relationship was established between clover canopy height and ryegrass canopy height for all 20 mixtures. Although no significant heterogeneity was detected among the fitted regression lines, there was an indication that the linear regressions provided a better fit to the data in those mixtures having ‘Skomer’ as the grass companion. An analysis of the differences in canopy height between ryegrass and clover indicated that the ‘Menna ‘/’S. 23’ mixture had a reduced seasonal range compared to the other mixtures. Consequently, during the early par', of the growing season, when the tallest canopies occurred and. when shading of clover by the grass was most intense, the difference in canopy height between ‘S. 23’ and ‘Menna’ was relatively low. There was a pronounced effect of grass companion upon canopy height difference, due entirely to the taller growth habit of the ‘Skomer’ ryegrass variety, These interrelationships are discussed briefly in the context of improving the productivity of white clover-perennial ryegrass mixtures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A diallel crossing programme amongst tour contrasting white clover varieties was used to generate material for studying the interrelationships amongst those characters which affect the productivity of white clover- perennial ryegrass mixtures under a cutting-only management regime. Such a regime favoured clover growth. All the clover characters exhibited strong positive correlations with mixture yield. However, this combination of clover characters did not promote growth of the grass companion. For this a low growing variety with a dense stolon network appeared preferable. Path analysis indicated that differences existed between the two companion grass varieties used for this experiment in their upon clover characters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Parmi 213 patients de 12 centres différents qui ont bénéficié d'un système d'assistance du ventricule gauche (SAVG), 49 ont posé le problème d'une défaillance ventriculaire droite. Bien que la physiopathologie du problème ne soit pas comprise, il est clair que l'effet d'un système d'assistance du ventricule gauche sur les interactions ventriculaires hémodynamiques liées au fait que ventricule droit et gauche sont en série, ainsi que des interactions mécaniques entre les deux ventricules (liées à leur couplage anatomique) peuvent jouer un rôle dans le devenir du ventricule droit. Six hypothèses ont été avancées concernant les avantages et les inconvénients d'un système d'assistance du ventricule gauche pour les déterminants de la fonction ventriculaire droite (précharge, postcharge, contractilité). Le principal effet potentiel sur la précharge ventriculaire droite est un retour veineux accru provoqué par le système d'assistance du ventricule gauche et qui peut constituer une surcharge pour le ventricule droit. En revanche, un effet bénéfique sur la précharge et le remplissage du ventricule droit peut résulter d'une décharge par le système d'assistance d'un ventricule gauche dilaté en ramenant vers la gauche le septum interventriculaire. Un effet bénéfique sur la postcharge du ventricule droit peut également être obtenu grâce au système d'assistance du ventricule gauche par diminution passive des pressions de l'artère pulmonaire liée à la baisse de la pression auriculaire gauche; cependant en cas maladie pulmonaire obstructive, les pressions dans l'artère pulmonaire peuvent augmenter en raison d'un débit cardiaque accru au travers de résistances vasculaires pulmonaires fixées. Les effets du système d'assistance du ventricule gauche sur la contractilité du ventricule droit sont essentiellement bénéfiques dans la mesure ou le débit aortique et ainsi la pression de perfusion coronaire sont maintenus. Un éventuel effet délétère sur la contractilité du ventricule droit est lié à la diminution de la contribution du septum dans la contraction du ventricule droit, phénomène dû à la décharge complète du ventricule gauche par le système d'assistance. Le traitement initial de la défaillance ventriculaire droite chez les patients sous assistance ventriculaire gauche est le remplissage. L'isoproterenol, la dobutamùine et la dopamine peuvent être utilisées pour leur effet inotrope positif et le pacing auriculaire peut améliorer la contribution de l'oreillette au remplissage du ventricule; si ces mesures thérapeutiques sont insuffisantes des techniques chirurgicales incluant le ballon de contrepulsion de l'artère pulmonaire ou l'assistance circulatoire avec oxygénation extra-corporelle peuvent être tentées mais un système d'assistance mécanique du ventricule droit paraît plus recommandé.
    Abstract: Resumen La falla del ventrículo derecho (VD) ha sido informada como problema real en 49 de 213 patientes sometidos a sistemas de asistencia mecánica del ventrículo izquierdo (AMVI) en 12 centros médicos diferentes. A pesar de que aún no se conoce bien la patología del problema, parece claro que el efecto de la AMVI sobre las interacciones hemodinámicas ventriculares (que se deben a que el corazón derecho y el corazón izquierdo están en serie) y sobre las interacciones mecánicas ventriculares (que se deben al acoplamiento anatómico entre los ventrículos) puede tener influencia en la determinación del destino final del VD. Se generaron seis hipótesis relativas a los efectos benéficos o nocivos de una AMVI sobre los factores determinantes de la función ventricular derecha (precarga, postcarga, contractilidad). El mayor efecto potencial sobre la precarga del VD es el aumento en al retorno venoso producido por la AMVI, que puede sobrecargar un VD con función marginal; pero los efectos benéficos sobre la precarga y llenamiento del VD también pueden ser ejercidos por la AMVI al descargar un VI dilatado, con lo cual se restituye la posición normal del septo interventricular que desviado hacia la derecha, protruía sobre el VD. Un efecto benéfico de significación sobre la postcarga del VD puede ser producido por la AMVI mediante las reducciones pasivas de la presión de la arteria pulmonar (AP) secundarias a las reducciones en la presión de la aurícula izquierda; sinembargo, en presencia de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva, las presiones en la AP pueden verse aumentadas debido al mayor flujo sanguíneo a través de una resistencia vascular pulmonar fija. Los mayores efectos sobre la contractilidad del VD que produce la AMVI son significativamente benéficos, puesto que se mantiene la perfusión aórtica y por consiguiente la perfusión coronaria. También hay un efecto potencialmente desventajoso sobre la contractilidad del VD, producido por una disminuída contribución septal a la contracción del VD durante la descarga total del VI por la AMVI. La terapia inicial para el ventrículo derecho que falla en pacientes con AMVI, es la carga de volumen. El isoproterenol, la dobutamina y la dopamina pueden ser utilizados para soporte inotrópico, y el control de la contracción auricular puede mejorar la contribución atrial al llenamiento ventricular. Si estas modalidades fallan, pueden ensayarse técnicas de tratamiento quirúrgico que incluyen el balón de bombeo en la arteria pulmonar y la oxigenación extracorpórea por oxigenador de membrana. Pero el sistema recomendable de soporte mecánico es un sistema de asistencia ventricular derecha.
    Notes: Abstract Right ventricular (RV) failure has been reported to be a problem in 49 of 213 patients who received left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) at 12 different centers. Although the pathology of the problem is not understood, it is clear that the effect of an LVAD on hemodynamic ventricular interactions due to the right and left hearts being in series, and on mechanical ventricular interactions due to the anatomic coupling between the ventricles, could play a role in determining the ultimate fate of the right ventricle. Six hypotheses were generated concerning beneficial and detrimental effects of an LVAD on the determinants of right ventricular function (preload, afterload, contractility). The major potential effect on RV preload is increased venous return produced by the LVAD which can overload a marginal RV; but beneficial effects on RV preload and filling also can be produced by the LVAD unloading a dilated LV, thereby shifting the interventricular septum, which had encroached into the RV, back to the left. A significant beneficial effect on RV afterload can be produced with an LVAD by passive reductions in pulmonary artery (PA) pressure secondary to reductions in left atrial pressure; with pulmonary obstructive disease, however, PA pressures can increase due to the greater blood flow through the fixed pulmonary vascular resistance. The major effects on RV contractility produced by an LVAD are significantly beneficial since aortic and, therefore, coronary perfusion pressure is maintained. There also is a potential detrimental effect on RV contractility produced by decreased septal contribution to RV contraction during complete LV unloading with an LVAD. The initial therapy for the failing right ventricle in patients with an LVAD is volume loading. Isoproterenol, dobutamine, and dopamine can be used for inotropic support, and atrial pacing can improve the atrial contribution to filling. If these modalities fail, surgical techniques including pulmonary artery balloon pump or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation can be tried, but the recommended mechanical support is a right ventricular assist device.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Deprenyl ; MAO-inhibiting antidepressants ; Serotonin ; Norepinephrine ; Pineal gland ; Circadian rhythms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The type A monoamine oxidase (MAO)-inhibiting antidepressant clorgyline (1 mg/kg/24 days) administered to rhesus monkeys increased night-time cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) melatonin concentrations 3-fold and day-time maltonin values 5-fold. Other circadian parameters of melatonin release, including the peak time and duration of nocturnal melatonin elevation measured during continuous CSF collection periods of 90 min duration over 24-h cycles, were unaffected by clorgyline. While pinealocytes are thought to contain only MAO-B, treatment with the selective MAO-B inhibitor deprenyl (2 mg/kg/24 days) did not alter day or night-time melatonin concentrations. These results are consistent with MAO-A and non-selective MAO inhibitors acting via blockade of degradation of the preferential substrates of MAO-A, serotonin and/or norepinephrine, in adrenergic neurons entering the pineal gland. Further study is needed to evaluate the relative contributions of an increased availability of the melatonin precursor, serotonin, or a sustained net increase in alpha1-or beta adrenoceptor-mediated input on pinealocytes to these marked changes in melatonin production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Food intake ; Locomotor activity ; Fenfluramine ; Clorgyline ; Long-term ; Suppression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Administration of fenfluramine to rats produced decreases in 1-h food intake and locomotor activity. Short-term (2–6 days) or long-term (21–25 days) treatment with the monoamine oxidase (MAO) type A inhibiting antidepressant clorgyline potentiated fenfluramine-induced suppression of food intake but did not affect fenfluramine-induced suppression of locomotor activity. Although daily (4 h) food intake was not significantly less in clorgyline-treated animals relative to saline-treated controls, body weight gain was significantly less in clorgyline-treated animals relative to controls. These findings demonstrate a differential effect of clorgyline treatment on fenfluramine-induced suppression of food intake and locomotor activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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