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  • 1985-1989  (2)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of high-performance liquid chromatography to investigate the production of paralytic shellfish toxins by Protogonyaulax spp. in culture (1986)
    Springer
    Marine biology 93 (1986), S. 361-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Procedures have been developed for the extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins from Protogonyaulax spp. grown in batch culture. Using these procedures, the toxin content of two isolates of P. tamarensis (NEPCC 183 and 255) and one isolate of P. catenella (NEPCC 355) were examined. Total toxin and individual toxin concentrations were measured for each isolate during the exponential and stationary phases of growth in batch culture. The total toxicity of each isolate as measured by HPLC analysis was found to agree with toxicity as determined by the standard mouse bioassay. Two of the isolates (255 and 355) were found to be toxic and the third (183) was non-toxic. The toxic isolates (255 and 355) both showed higher average total PSP toxin content during the exponential phase (35 and 23 fmol toxin cell-1, respectively) than during the stationary phase (21 and 8 fmol toxin cell-1, respectively). These cultures differed dramatically in their toxin composition. P. tamarensis (255) contained a large proportion of the N(21) sulfo toxins (B1, B2, C1, C2) while P. catenella (355) contained primarily Gonyautoxins 1 through 4. The percent composition of individual toxins was found to be constant throughout the growth cycle for both toxic isolates, even though the total toxin concentration varied. Our results suggest that PSP toxin profiles might be useful as chemotaxonomic indicators.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401103
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occurrence of okadaic acid, a major diarrheic shellfish toxin, in natural populations ofDinophysis spp. from the eastern coast of North America (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 1 (1989), S. 307-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Keywords: dinoflagellate ; diarrheic shellfish poisoning ; okadaic acid ; Dinophysis ; Phalacroma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Okadaic acid, one of the principal toxin components implicated in cases of diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP), was identified for the first time in natural phytoplankton assemblages from North American waters. During periods in late summer when significant quantities of okadaic acid were detected in net haul samples in the lower estuary and Gulf of St Lawrence in eastern Canada, the phytoplankton community consistently contained species of the dinoflagellate genusDinophysis Ehrenberg. The presence of okadaic acid was detected by screening dinoflagellate extracts with an enzyme-linked immunological assay (ELISA); positive results were confirmed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation, followed by fluorescence detection. Okadaic acid was only found in phytoplankton samples in which the photosynthetic dinophysoid speciesD. norvegica andD. acuminata were prominent; blooms of the related heterotrophic speciesD. rotundata exhibited no trace of okadaic acid, nor other suspected DSP components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00003466
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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