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  • 1985-1989  (5)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of ornithology 127 (1986), S. 463-473 
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Bairlein (1981) documented a relationship between the ecology and morphology of avian transients in a SW-German stopover site (Mettnau 47° 44′ N/09° 00′ E). A reanalysis of these data is concerned with morphological aspects of habitat selection. Data over 7 years from 32 species (Tab. 1) on the distribution of captures in different nets, located in different habitats (Fig. 1) and the height of capture were compared with 36 morphological characteristics using canonical correlation analysis. The morphological parameters were previously subjected to a principal components analysis (Tab. 2) for analytical reasons. The predominant relationships between ecology and morphology were between: the height of capture in the nets and morphological characteristics relevant for locomotion within the habitat. Manoeuvrable species with slotted wings were primarily caught high in the nets whereas species more dependent on the hind limb were caught low in the nets (Tab. 3, Fig. 2). These species were characterized by rounded tails, large feet, short rictal bristles and the lack of notched wings. A less clear relationship was found between the net position (which varied from forest and bush through sedges to the reeds on the bank of the lake) and wing form (Tab. 3, Fig. 3). Species with pointed wings and longer claws were found in the reeds near the shore. Those with more rounded wings were found in the wooded areas. The form of the wings also reflected the migratory performance. Pointed wings were characteristic for long distance migrants. No relationships were found between beak structure and habitat selection.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bairlein (1981) stellte eine Beziehung zwischen Ökologie und Morphologie durchziehender Kleinvögel in einem SW-deutschen Rastgebiet (Mettnau, 47,44 N/09,00 E) fest. Eine neue Analyse der Daten beschäftigt sich speziell mit den morphologischen Aspekten der Habitatwahl. Fangdaten aus 7 Jahren von 32 Arten (Tab. 1), welche die Verteilung der Vögel auf die einzelnen Netze (Abb. 1) und die Fanghöhe in den Netzen betreffen, wurden zusammen mit 36 morphologischen Merkmalen der Arten (Tab. 2) analysiert. Die Auswertungen basieren auf der kanonischen Korrelationsanalyse. Die morphologischen Merkmale wurden aus datenanalytischen Gründen vorher einer Hauptkomponentenanalyse unterzogen (Tab. 2). Als deutliche Beziehung zwischen Ökologie und Morphologie finden wir: Die Fanghöhe in den Netzen hängt mit morphologischen Merkmalen zusammen, die mit der Lokomotionsweise innerhalb des Lebensraums zu tun haben. Häufig und geschickt manövrierende Arten mit geschlitzten Flügeln werden vorzugsweise in den höheren Netzfächern, Arten, die sich sehr viel mit Hilfe der Hinterextremität fortbewegen, hingegen im unteren Netzbereich gefangen (Tab. 3, Abb. 2). Diese Arten weisen sich durch den Besitz gestufter Schwänze, großer Füße, kurzer Schnabelborsten und wenig geschlitzter Flügel aus. Eine undeutlichere Beziehung zeichnet sich zwischen Netzposition (die eine Abfolge von Gebüsch-Waldlebensräumen über Pfeifengras-Seggenzone zu ufernahen Röhrichten charakterisiert, Abb. 1) und dem Flügelschnitt ab (Tab. 3, Abb. 3). Spitzflügeligere Formen, die auch längere Krallen besitzen, werden in den ufernahen Röhrichten, rundflügeligere Arten dagegen mehr in den landseitigen Gehölzen gefangen. Der Flügelschnitt spiegelt nicht nur die Verteilung auf die verschiedenen Habitate, sondern auch unterschiedliche Zugleistungen wider. Spitzflügeligere Arten sind in der Regel Langstreckenzieher. Keine Zusammenhänge konnten zwischen Schnabelbau und Habitatwahl gefunden werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oecologia 68 (1985), S. 118-125 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1 Intake of food, fat, protein and carbohydrates and their fecal output were recorded during the annual body weight cycle of the garden warbler, and old-world longdistance migratory bird species, and the efficiencies of food and nutrient utilization, defined as the ratio (intake-fecal output)/intake, were calculated. 2. Gross food intake and food and nutrient utilization differed significantly between different phases of the birds' body weight cycle. 3. During premigratory fattening, both in “autumn” and “spring”, food intake and utilization of fat, protein and carbohydrates were significantly higher than during the low body weight prefattening periods. 4. The increase in efficiency of nutrient utilization accounted for about 1/3 and the increase in gross food intake about 2/3 of all surplus energy for hyperlipogenesis in the premigratory periods of the garden warbler. 5. The seasonal changes in efficiency of food and nutrient utilization seem to be driven by a circannual timing mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oecologia 66 (1985), S. 141-146 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. Data on body weight, fat score and length of stopover of Palaearctic passerine migrants trapped at two sites in the central Algerian Sahara in autumn 1983 are presented. 2. Birds found grounded in oases were in good condition. They were not critically short of fat reserves. 3. Some of the migrant species found there have probably terminated their migration whereas other species do only stopover for fattening and do in fact continue their migration if they have restored sufficient fat for a further flight. 4. The daily activity pattern of caged migrants depended on their fat reserves. 5. The available food supplies were high enough for fattening.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of ornithology 127 (1986), S. 338-340 
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A semisynthetic standardizised diet is described which is successfully used in nutritional studies in Garden Warblers (Sylvia borin) an Great Tits (Parus major).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 156 (1986), S. 859-865 
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Two groups of garden warblers, a western Palaearctic long-distance migratory passerine bird species, were kept under controlled laboratory conditions and their weights were recorded almost daily for up to 18 and 30 months, respectively. 2. All specimens exhibited spontaneous, regular body weight fluctuations with an average periodicity of about 18 days and an amplitude of up to 32% of the corresponding initial body weight. The period length of the cycle was influenced by the seasonal level of body weight due to migratory fattening as well as by the nutritional composition of the diet. 3. This is the first time that such spontaneous cyclic, body weight fluctuations with almost a semimonthly period are described for a bird species. 4. Since no obvious external zeitgeber seems to exist for these rhythms in body weight they appear to be endogenously controlled. 5. It is suggested that the observed infradian cycle in body weight may be an expression of an internal metabolic regulatory process in order to set up to species-specific fixed body weight. 6. The adaptive value of such infradian body weight variations is discussed in relation to the bird's migratory behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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