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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxidation of aromatic contaminants coupled to microbial iron reduction
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 1989
    In:  Nature Vol. 339, No. 6222 ( 1989-5), p. 297-300
    Details
    In: Nature, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 339, No. 6222 ( 1989-5), p. 297-300
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-0836 , 1476-4687
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/339297a0
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 1989
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 120714-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1413423-8
    SSG: 11
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Hydrogen and Formate Oxidation Coupled to Dissimilatory Reduction of Iron or Manganese by Alteromonas putrefaciens
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1989
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 55, No. 3 ( 1989-03), p. 700-706
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 55, No. 3 ( 1989-03), p. 700-706
    Abstract: The ability of Alteromonas putrefaciens to obtain energy for growth by coupling the oxidation of various electron donors to dissimilatory Fe(III) or Mn(IV) reduction was investigated. A. putrefaciens grew with hydrogen, formate, lactate, or pyruvate as the sole electron donor and Fe(III) as the sole electron acceptor. Lactate and pyruvate were oxidized to acetate, which was not metabolized further. With Fe(III) as the electron acceptor, A. putrefaciens had a high affinity for hydrogen and formate and metabolized hydrogen at partial pressures that were 25-fold lower than those of hydrogen that can be metabolized by pure cultures of sulfate reducers or methanogens. The electron donors for Fe(III) reduction also supported Mn(IV) reduction. The electron donors for Fe(III) and Mn(IV) reduction and the inability of A. putrefaciens to completely oxidize multicarbon substrates to carbon dioxide distinguish A. putrefaciens from GS-15, the only other organism that is known to obtain energy for growth by coupling the oxidation of organic compounds to the reduction of Fe(III) or Mn(IV). The ability of A. putrefaciens to reduce large quantities of Fe(III) and to grow in a defined medium distinguishes it from a Pseudomonas sp., which is the only other known hydrogen-oxidizing, Fe(III)-reducing microorganism. Furthermore, A. putrefaciens is the first organism that is known to grow with hydrogen as the electron donor and Mn(IV) as the electron acceptor and is the first organism that is known to couple the oxidation of formate to the reduction of Fe(III) or Mn(IV). Thus, A. putrefaciens provides a much needed microbial model for key reactions in the oxidation of sediment organic matter coupled to Fe(III) and Mn(IV) reduction.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/aem.55.3.700-706.1989
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1989
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A 14-Week Vapor Inhalation Toxicity Study of Methyl Isobutyl Ketone
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 1987
    In:  Toxicological Sciences Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 1987), p. 380-388
    Details
    In: Toxicological Sciences, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 1987), p. 380-388
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1096-6080 , 1096-0929
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/9.3.380
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 1987
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1471974-5
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Novel Mode of Microbial Energy Metabolism: Organic Carbon Oxidation Coupled to Dissimilatory Reduction of Iron or Manganese
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1988
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 54, No. 6 ( 1988-06), p. 1472-1480
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 54, No. 6 ( 1988-06), p. 1472-1480
    Abstract: A dissimilatory Fe(III)- and Mn(IV)-reducing microorganism was isolated from freshwater sediments of the Potomac River, Maryland. The isolate, designated GS-15, grew in defined anaerobic medium with acetate as the sole electron donor and Fe(III), Mn(IV), or nitrate as the sole electron acceptor. GS-15 oxidized acetate to carbon dioxide with the concomitant reduction of amorphic Fe(III) oxide to magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ). When Fe(III) citrate replaced amorphic Fe(III) oxide as the electron acceptor, GS-15 grew faster and reduced all of the added Fe(III) to Fe(II). GS-15 reduced a natural amorphic Fe(III) oxide but did not significantly reduce highly crystalline Fe(III) forms. Fe(III) was reduced optimally at pH 6.7 to 7 and at 30 to 35°C. Ethanol, butyrate, and propionate could also serve as electron donors for Fe(III) reduction. A variety of other organic compounds and hydrogen could not. MnO 2 was completely reduced to Mn(II), which precipitated as rhodochrosite (MnCO 3 ). Nitrate was reduced to ammonia. Oxygen could not serve as an electron acceptor, and it inhibited growth with the other electron acceptors. This is the first demonstration that microorganisms can completely oxidize organic compounds with Fe(III) or Mn(IV) as the sole electron acceptor and that oxidation of organic matter coupled to dissimilatory Fe(III) or Mn(IV) reduction can yield energy for microbial growth. GS-15 provides a model for how enzymatically catalyzed reactions can be quantitatively significant mechanisms for the reduction of iron and manganese in anaerobic environments.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/aem.54.6.1472-1480.1988
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1988
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Availability of Ferric Iron for Microbial Reduction in Bottom Sediments of the Freshwater Tidal Potomac River
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1986
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 52, No. 4 ( 1986-10), p. 751-757
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 52, No. 4 ( 1986-10), p. 751-757
    Abstract: The distribution of Fe(III), its availability for microbial reduction, and factors controlling Fe(III) availability were investigated in sediments from a freshwater site in the Potomac River Estuary. Fe(III) reduction in sediments incubated under anaerobic conditions and depth profiles of oxalate-extractable Fe(III) indicated that Fe(III) reduction was limited to depths of 4 cm or less, with the most intense Fe(III) reduction in the top 1 cm. In incubations of the upper 4 cm of the sediments, Fe(III) reduction was as important as methane production as a pathway for anaerobic electron flow because of the high rates of Fe(III) reduction in the 0- to 0.5-cm interval. Most of the oxalate-extractable Fe(III) in the sediments was not reduced and persisted to a depth of at least 20 cm. The incomplete reduction was not the result of a lack of suitable electron donors. The oxalate-extractable Fe(III) that was preserved in the sediments was considered to be in a form other than amorphous Fe(III) oxyhydroxide, since synthetic amorphous Fe(III) oxyhydroxide, amorphous Fe(III) oxyhydroxide adsorbed onto clay, and amorphous Fe(III) oxyhydroxide saturated with adsorbed phosphate or fulvic acids were all readily reduced. Fe 3 O 4 and the mixed Fe(III)-Fe(II) compound(s) that were produced during the reduction of amorphous Fe(III) oxyhydroxide in an enrichment culture were oxalate extractable but were not reduced, suggesting that mixed Fe(III)-Fe(II) compounds might account for the persistence of oxalate-extractable Fe(III) in the sediments. The availability of microbially reducible Fe(III) in surficial sediments demonstrates that microbial Fe(III) reduction can be important to organic matter decomposition and iron geochemistry. However, the overall extent of microbial Fe(III) reduction is governed by the inability of microorganisms to reduce most of the Fe(III) in the sediment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/aem.52.4.751-757.1986
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1986
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Requirement for a Microbial Consortium To Completely Oxidize Glucose in Fe(III)-Reducing Sediments
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1989
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 55, No. 12 ( 1989-12), p. 3234-3236
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 55, No. 12 ( 1989-12), p. 3234-3236
    Abstract: In various sediments in which Fe(III) reduction was the terminal electron-accepting process, [ 14 C]glucose was fermented to 14 C-fatty acids in a manner similar to that observed in methanogenic sediments. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that, in Fe(III)-reducing sediments, fermentable substrates are oxidized to carbon dioxide by the combined activity of fermentative bacteria and fatty acid-oxidizing, Fe(III)-reducing bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/aem.55.12.3234-3236.1989
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1989
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Organic Matter Mineralization with Reduction of Ferric Iron in Anaerobic Sediments
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1986
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 51, No. 4 ( 1986-04), p. 683-689
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 51, No. 4 ( 1986-04), p. 683-689
    Abstract: The potential for ferric iron reduction with fermentable substrates, fermentation products, and complex organic matter as electron donors was investigated with sediments from freshwater and brackish water sites in the Potomac River Estuary. In enrichments with glucose and hematite, iron reduction was a minor pathway for electron flow, and fermentation products accumulated. The substitution of amorphous ferric oxyhydroxide for hematite in glucose enrichments increased iron reduction 50-fold because the fermentation products could also be metabolized with concomitant iron reduction. Acetate, hydrogen, propionate, butyrate, ethanol, methanol, and trimethylamine stimulated the reduction of amorphous ferric oxyhydroxide in enrichments inoculated with sediments but not in uninoculated or heat-killed controls. The addition of ferric iron inhibited methane production in sediments. The degree of inhibition of methane production by various forms of ferric iron was related to the effectiveness of these ferric compounds as electron acceptors for the metabolism of acetate. The addition of acetate or hydrogen relieved the inhibition of methane production by ferric iron. The decrease of electron equivalents proceeding to methane in sediments supplemented with amorphous ferric oxyhydroxides was compensated for by a corresponding increase of electron equivalents in ferrous iron. These results indicate that iron reduction can outcompete methanogenic food chains for sediment organic matter. Thus, when amorphous ferric oxyhydroxides are available in anaerobic sediments, the transfer of electrons from organic matter to ferric iron can be a major pathway for organic matter decomposition.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/aem.51.4.683-689.1986
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1986
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Competitive Mechanisms for Inhibition of Sulfate Reduction and Methane Production in the Zone of Ferric Iron Reduction in Sediments
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1987
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 53, No. 11 ( 1987-11), p. 2636-2641
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 53, No. 11 ( 1987-11), p. 2636-2641
    Abstract: Mechanisms for inhibition of sulfate reduction and methane production in the zone of Fe(III) reduction in sediments were investigated. Addition of amorphic iron(III) oxyhydroxide to sediments in which sulfate reduction was the predominant terminal electron-accepting process inhibited sulfate reduction 86 to 100%. The decrease in electron flow to sulfate reduction was accompanied by a corresponding increase in electron flow to Fe(III) reduction. In a similar manner, Fe(III) additions also inhibited methane production in sulfate-depleted sediments. The inhibition of sulfate reduction and methane production was the result of substrate limitation, because the sediments retained the potential for sulfate reduction and methane production in the presence of excess hydrogen and acetate. Sediments in which Fe(III) reduction was the predominant terminal electron-accepting process had much lower concentrations of hydrogen and acetate than sediments in which sulfate reduction or methane production was the predominant terminal process. The low concentrations of hydrogen and acetate in the Fe(III)-reducing sediments were the result of metabolism by Fe(III)-reducing organisms of hydrogen and acetate at concentrations lower than sulfate reducers or methanogens could metabolize them. The results indicate that when Fe(III) is in a form that Fe(III)-reducing organisms can readily reduce, Fe(III)-reducing organisms can inhibit sulfate reduction and methane production by outcompeting sulfate reducers and methanogens for electron donors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/aem.53.11.2636-2641.1987
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1987
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Determination of Fe(III) and Fe(II) in Oxalate Extracts of Sediment
    Wiley ; 1987
    In:  Soil Science Society of America Journal Vol. 51, No. 4 ( 1987-07), p. 938-941
    Details
    In: Soil Science Society of America Journal, Wiley, Vol. 51, No. 4 ( 1987-07), p. 938-941
    Abstract: A method was developed to determine the concentrations of oxalate‐extractable Fe(III) and Fe(II) in sediments. Sediment was extracted in acid ammonium oxalate under N 2 . Iron(II) in the extract was determined with ferrozine. Iron(III) in the extract was reduced with hydroxylamine‐hydrochloride, and total Fe in the extract was determined with ferrozine. Oxalate‐extractable Fe(III) was calculated as the difference between Fe(II) and total Fe in the extract. Iron(II) was not oxidized, and Fe(III) was not reduced during the extraction. For an accurate estimate of oxalate‐extractable Fe(III), fresh samples had to be analyzed, because air‐drying or freeze‐drying the samples oxidized Fe(II) to oxalate‐extractable Fe(III). With a minimal increase in analytical effort, the method yields far more information on Fe geochemistry than the standard aerobic oxalate extraction method.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-5995 , 1435-0661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2136/sssaj1987.03615995005100040021x
    RVK:
    RA 4845
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 1987
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 241415-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2239747-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 196788-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481691-X
    SSG: 13
    SSG: 21
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Anaerobic production of magnetite by a dissimilatory iron-reducing microorganism
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 1987
    In:  Nature Vol. 330, No. 6145 ( 1987-11), p. 252-254
    Details
    In: Nature, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 330, No. 6145 ( 1987-11), p. 252-254
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-0836 , 1476-4687
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/330252a0
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 1987
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 120714-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1413423-8
    SSG: 11
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