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  • Captopril  (2)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (2)
  • Arterial Hypertension, structural changes  (1)
  • 1985-1989  (5)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 64 (1986), S. 327-332 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Severe hypertension ; Minoxidil ; Captopril
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The antihypertensive efficacy of minoxidil and captopril was compared in 23 males with essential or renal parenchymatous hypertension refractory to conventional antihypertensive drug therapy. Following a pretreatment period the patients were randomly assigned to receive either minoxidil, 2.5 mg twice daily (n=12), or captopril, 25 mg twice daily (n=11). In patients with diastolic blood pressure 〉95 mmHg, doses of minoxidil and captopril were increased in 2-week intervals. Patients who maintained diastolic pressure 〉95 mmHg and/or those with intolerable side effects were switched over to the alternative substance. After a mean observation period of 12 weeks a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure was observed (179/114 vs 148/92 mmHg in the minoxidil group; 176/111 vs 158/97 mmHg in the captopril group). The primary response rate was 75% in patients treated with minoxidil and 55% in those with captopril (not significant). After the change to the alternative substance two of the four non-responders on captopril and one of the two non-responders on minoxidil became responders. Side effects occurred significantly more often during minoxidil than captopril (p〈0.05). The high efficacy of minoxidil and captopril in the treatment of severe hypertension refractory to conventional drugs was confirmed. Minoxidil lowered blood pressure slightly more than captopril, but it had a higher incidence of side effects than captopril.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 63 (1985), S. 361-363 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Primary aldosteronism ; Captopril ; Spironolactone ; Renin-angiotensin ; Converting-enzyme ; Secondary hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In three patients with primary aldosteronism, the acute effect of a single dose of captopril on the elevated mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was studied before and after 4 weeks of treatment with spironolactone. Before spironolactone therapy, captopril did not cause any drop in MAP. Four weeks later, after an oral daily dose of 400 mg spironolactone, MAP was still elevated in all three patients, though electrolyte abnormalities were fully corrected. Since plasma renin activity (PRA) was increased to values above the normal range, the acute effect of captopril on MAP was tested again. A single dose of 25 mg captopril then caused a fall in MAP to normal. These data reveal the conversion from a renin-independent to a renindependent kind of hypertension after spironolactone therapy in three patients with primary aldosteronism syndrome. This might be of pathogenetic and therapeutic interest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Arterial Hypertension, structural changes ; Arteriolar hypertrophy and hyperplasia ; Na+/Li+-exchange ; Na+/H+-antiport ; Phosphatidylinositol metabolism ; Growth factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The most common haemodynamic abnormality in human essential hypertension is an increase in systemic vascular resistance. Morphologic substrate for increased flow resistance is a narrowing of the lumen of arteriolar resistance vessels. During the course of essential hypertension, this is associated with an increase in wall (mainly media) thickness due to hypertrophy and hyperplasia of vascular smooth muscle cells. In contrast to concepts interpreting media thickening strictly as structural adaptation to increased perfusion pressure, various lines of evidence also point to pressure independent factors. In this context, extracellular factors such as “growth factors” as well as alterations in the activity of intracellular messenger systems must be considered. Recent studies suggest that substances generally known to act as vasoconstrictors such as angiotensin II, noradrenaline and arginine-vasopressin may also stimulate vascular smooth muscle cell growth and proliferation. Intracellular messenger systems with possible significance in the response to trophins and/or mitogens of vascular smooth muscle cells are phospholipase C, protein kinase C and the Na+/H+-antiport. These systems have been demonstrated to be altered in hypertension supporting the concept that one endogenous factor in human essential hypertension with pathophysiological significance, at least in a subgroup of patients, may be an enhanced reactivity of vascular smooth muscle cells to trophic and mitogenic stimuli. In this context, intracellular messenger systems such as phospholipase C, protein kinase C and/or the Na+/H+-antiport may play an important pathophysiological role.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 121 (1988), S. 961-970 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis of [2]-Catenanes from [2]-RotaxanesStarting from the rotaxane 18a a mixture of catenane 21 and rotaxane 23 is obtained by attaching a polymethylene bridge between the methylene groups in α-position of the sulfonyl groups. The isocyclic catenane 28 containing a 28- and a 46-membered ring is obtained from the catenane 21 by splitting the bonds between the bridgehead atoms and the sulfonyl groups. The 1H-, 13C-NMR, and mass spectra of this compounds are discussed.
    Notes: Ausgehend von dem Rotaxan 18a wird durch Angliederung einer Polymethylenbrücke zwischen den beiden zu den Sulfonylgruppen α-ständigen Methylengruppen ein Gemisch von Catenan 21 und Rotaxan 23 synthetisiert. Aus 21 wird nach Spaltung der Bindungen zwischen den Brückenkopfatomen und den Sulfonylgruppen das isocyclische Catenan 28, bestehend aus einem 28-und einem 46-gliedrigen Ring, erhalten. Die 1H-, 13C-NMR-Spektren und Massenspektren dieser Verbindung werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 119 (1986), S. 1374-1399 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Directed Synthesis of Translationally Isomeric [3]-Catenanes1)In a multi-step reaction sequence the tetrahydroxymetacyclophane 12c is synthesized. Acetalisation with 1,25-dichloro-13-pentacosanone followed by nitration and reduction afforded the diamine 13c. By cyclization of this compound in 2-pentanol with sodium carbonate and sodium iodide under high dilution conditions the monomeric products 16, 17, and 18 are obtained in yields of 21.4, 7.7, and 0.9%, respectively. On the basis of mass, 13C NMR and 1H NMR spectra the structure of these compounds is discussed. Starting from the precatenane 16 the [3]-catenanes 25a, b,c and 26a, b, c are obtained in a multi-step reaction sequence. The structure of these compounds is confirmed by mass, 13C NMR, and 1H NMR spectroscopic investigations.
    Notes: In einer vielstufigen Synthese wird das Tetrahydroxymetacyclophan 12c synthetisiert. Durch Acetalisierung mit 1,25-Dichlor-13-Pentacosanon, nachfolgender Nitrierung und Reduktion wird das Diamin 13c erhalten. Dessen Cyclisierung in 2-Pentanol in Gegenwart von Natriumcarbonat und Natriumiodid unter Verdünnungsbedingungen ergibt die monomeren Cyclisierungsprodukte 16, 17 und 18 in Ausbeuten von 21.4. 7.7 und 0.9%. Die Struktur dieser Verbindungen wird anhand der Massen-, 13C- und 1H-NMR-Spektren diskutiert. In einer mehrstufigen Reaktionsfolge werden aus dem Prä-[3]-catenan 16 die [3]-Catenane 25a, b, c und 26a, b, c erhalten. Die Struktur dieser Verbindungen wird durch 13C-NMR, 1H-NMR- und massenspektroskopische Untersuchungen bewiesen.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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