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  • American Society for Microbiology  (62)
  • 1985-1989  (62)
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  • American Society for Microbiology  (62)
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  • 1985-1989  (62)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Selenate Reduction to Elemental Selenium by Anaerobic Bacteria in Sediments and Culture: Biogeochemical Significance of a Novel, Sulfate-Independent Respiration
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1989
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 55, No. 9 ( 1989-09), p. 2333-2343
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 55, No. 9 ( 1989-09), p. 2333-2343
    Abstract: Interstitial water profiles of SeO 4 2− , SeO 3 2− , SO 4 2− , and Cl − in anoxic sediments indicated removal of the seleno-oxyanions by a near-surface process unrelated to sulfate reduction. In sediment slurry experiments, a complete reductive removal of SeO 4 2− occurred under anaerobic conditions, was more rapid with H 2 or acetate, and was inhibited by O 2 , NO 3 − , MnO 2 , or autoclaving but not by SO 4 2− or FeOOH. Oxidation of acetate in sediments could be coupled to selenate but not to molybdate. Reduction of selenate to elemental selenium was determined to be the mechanism for loss from solution. Selenate reduction was inhibited by tungstate and chromate but not by molybdate. A small quantity of the elemental selenium precipitated into sediments from solution could be resolublized by oxidation with either nitrate or FeOOH, but not with MnO 2 . A bacterium isolated from estuarine sediments demonstrated selenate-dependent growth on acetate, forming elemental selenium and carbon dioxide as respiratory end products. These results indicate that dissimilatory selenate reduction to elemental selenium is the major sink for selenium oxyanions in anoxic sediments. In addition, they suggest application as a treatment process for removing selenium oxyanions from wastewaters and also offer an explanation for the presence of selenite in oxic waters.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/aem.55.9.2333-2343.1989
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1989
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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    Online Resource
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pneumococcosuria in children
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1989
    In:  Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 27, No. 1 ( 1989-01), p. 99-101
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 27, No. 1 ( 1989-01), p. 99-101
    Abstract: Streptococcus pneumoniae was present, in pure or mixed culture, in 43 (0.08%) of 53,499 urine cultures submitted from a pediatric population over a 4-year period. Data were analyzed from 28 children, from whom 78% of these positive cultures originated. Ninety-six percent of the children were female, and the median age was 3 years (range, 0.4 to 17 years). Only five children had S. pneumoniae as the sole organism cultured from the urine, and all five had only a single urine culture. Urine from the other 23 children contained other organisms as well. Small numbers of pneumococci were found in most urines: 74% contained less than 10(4) CFU/ml and 93% contained less than 10(5) CFU/ml. There was no association between genitourinary symptoms and pneumococcosuria, and complete resolution of symptoms occurred in both treated and untreated children. Pneumococcosuria could not be explained by pneumococcal bacteremia. We conclude that pediatric pneumococcosuria is not associated with urinary tract infections in children, or with pneumococcal bacteremia or invasive disease elsewhere. Pneumococcosuria probably reflects contamination of urine specimens with S. pneumoniae from perineal colonization.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-1137 , 1098-660X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/jcm.27.1.99-101.1989
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1989
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498353-9
    SSG: 12
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    Online Resource
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Measurement of Nitrous Oxide Reductase Activity in Aquatic Sediments
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1986
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 51, No. 1 ( 1986-01), p. 18-24
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 51, No. 1 ( 1986-01), p. 18-24
    Abstract: Denitrification in aquatic sediments was measured by an N 2 O reductase assay. Sediments consumed small added quantities of N 2 O over short periods (a few hours). In experiments with sediment slurries, N 2 O reductase activity was inhibited by O 2 , C 2 H 2 , heat treatment, and by high levels of nitrate (1 mM) or sulfide (10 mM). However, ambient levels of nitrate ( 〈 100 μM) did not influence activity, and moderate levels (about 150 μM) induced only a short lag before reductase activity began. Moderate levels of sulfide ( 〈 1 mM) had no effect on N 2 O reductase activity. Nitrous oxide reductase displayed Michaelis-Menten kinetics in sediments from freshwater ( K m = 2.17 μM), estuarine ( K m = 14.5 μM), and alkaline-saline ( K m = 501 μM) environments. An in situ assay was devised in which a solution of N 2 O was injected into sealed glass cores containing intact sediment. Two estimates of net rates of denitrification in San Francisco Bay under approximated in situ conditions were 0.009 and 0.041 mmol of N 2 O per m 2 per h. Addition of chlorate to inhibit denitrification in these intact-core experiments (to estimate gross rates of N 2 O consumption) resulted in approximately a 14% upward revision of estimates of net rates. These results were comparable to an in situ estimate of 0.022 mmol of N 2 O per m 2 per h made with the acetylene block assay.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/aem.51.1.18-24.1986
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1986
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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    Online Resource
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Suppressible base substitution mutations induced by angelicin (isopsoralen) in the Escherichia coli lacI gene: implications for the mechanism of SOS mutagenesis
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1987
    In:  Journal of Bacteriology Vol. 169, No. 6 ( 1987-06), p. 2724-2729
    Details
    In: Journal of Bacteriology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 169, No. 6 ( 1987-06), p. 2724-2729
    Abstract: Angelicin- plus near-UV-induced mutations were umuC dependent in Escherichia coli K-12. Angelicin, a monofunctional psoralen derivative, is believed to damage DNA almost exclusively at pyrimidine bases. To broaden our knowledge about the mutagenic specificity of SOS-dependent mutagens, we determined the mutational specificity of 233 suppressible lacI mutations induced by angelicin. More than 90% of the nonsense mutations arose via transversion substitutions. The three most frequently mutated sites were at A-T base pairs and accounted for more than one-third of all induced nonsense mutations. The two hottest sites were at the only occurrences of the 5'-TATA-3' tetranucleotide in lacI, a sequence expected to be a preferred binding site for a psoralen. Both A-T-to-T-A and A-T-to-C-G transversions were well induced by angelicin treatment, but the frequency of each transversion depended on the particular site. We also detected significant induction of transversion mutations at G-C sites. The induction of transversions by an SOS-dependent mutagen that generates lesions at pyrimidines supports the idea that DNA lesions influence the selection of bases that are incorporated via the process of SOS repair.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-9193 , 1098-5530
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/jb.169.6.2724-2729.1987
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1987
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481988-0
    SSG: 12
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    Online Resource
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Controlled trial of enviroxime against natural rhinovirus infections in a community
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1985
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 27, No. 1 ( 1985-01), p. 102-106
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 27, No. 1 ( 1985-01), p. 102-106
    Abstract: The therapeutic effect of intranasally administered enviroxime was tested against naturally occurring common colds. The double-blind evaluation was carried out in Tecumseh, Mich., during a period when rhinoviruses are usually the principal pathogen. Rhinovirus transmission followed the typical pattern during this period of study. Although there were trends indicating greater therapeutic effectiveness for enviroxime when certain nasal symptoms were considered, there were no consistent statistically significant differences between treated and untreated groups. Results were unchanged when illnesses in different periods or associated with rhinovirus isolation were examined. It was concluded that no therapeutic effect of enviroxime was demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.27.1.102
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1985
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 15,3
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    Online Resource
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bacteremia with Streptococcus bovis and Streptococcus salivarius: clinical correlates of more accurate identification of isolates
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1989
    In:  Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 27, No. 2 ( 1989-02), p. 305-308
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 27, No. 2 ( 1989-02), p. 305-308
    Abstract: Two biotypes of Streptococcus bovis can be identified by laboratory testing and can be distinguished from the phenotypically similar organism Streptococcus salivarius. We assessed the clinical relevance of careful identification of these organisms in 68 patients with streptococcal bacteremia caused by these similar species. S. bovis was more likely to be clinically significant when isolated from blood (89%) than was S. salivarius (23%). There was a striking association between S. bovis I bacteremia and underlying endocarditis (94%) compared with that of S. bovis II bacteremia (18%). Bacteremia with S. bovis I was also highly correlated with an underlying colonic neoplasm (71% of patients overall, 100% of those with thorough colonic examinations) compared with bacteremia due to S. bovis II or S. salivarius (17% overall, 25% of patients with thorough colonic examinations). We conclude that careful identification of streptococcal bacteremic isolates as S. bovis biotype I provides clinically important information and should be more widely applied.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-1137 , 1098-660X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/jcm.27.2.305-308.1989
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1989
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498353-9
    SSG: 12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Enhanced sensitivity of Escherichia coli umuC to photodynamic inactivation by angelicin (isopsoralen)
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1985
    In:  Journal of Bacteriology Vol. 162, No. 3 ( 1985-06), p. 1307-1310
    Details
    In: Journal of Bacteriology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 162, No. 3 ( 1985-06), p. 1307-1310
    Abstract: Escherichia coli umuC cells were inactivated four times more rapidly than umuC+ cells by angelicin (a monofunctional psoralen) plus near-UV irradiation. With other DNA-damaging treatments, either no or much smaller differences in sensitivity were observed. These results show that functions associated with the UmuC+ phenotype contribute to the repair (or tolerance) of some categories of DNA damage more efficiently than others.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-9193 , 1098-5530
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/jb.162.3.1307-1310.1985
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1985
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481988-0
    SSG: 12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acetate production from hydrogen and [13C]carbon dioxide by the microflora of human feces
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1988
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 54, No. 11 ( 1988-11), p. 2723-2727
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 54, No. 11 ( 1988-11), p. 2723-2727
    Abstract: Fecal suspensions from humans were incubated with 13CO2 and H2. The suspensions were from subjects who harbored 10(8) and 10(10) methanogens per g (dry weight) of feces, respectively, and from a subject who did not harbor methanogens. Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that acetate labeled in both the methyl and carboxyl groups was formed by suspensions from the subject without methanogens and the subject with the lower concentrations of methanogens. The amounts of labeled acetate formed were in agreement with the amounts expected based on measurements of H2 utilization. No labeled acetate was formed by suspensions from the subject with the higher concentrations of methanogens, and essentially all of the H2 used was accounted for by CH4 production. Suspensions from the subject with lower concentrations of methanogens produced both methane and acetate from H2 and CO2. The results indicate that reduction of CO2 to acetate may be a major pathway for microbial production of acetate in the human colon except when very high concentrations of methanogens (ca. 10(10) per g [dry weight] of feces) are present. Double-labeled acetate was also formed from H2 and 13CO2 by fecal suspensions from nonmethanogenic and moderately methanogenic rats.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/aem.54.11.2723-2727.1988
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1988
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluation of DNA colony hybridization and other techniques for detection of virulence in Yersinia species
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1989
    In:  Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 27, No. 4 ( 1989-04), p. 644-650
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 27, No. 4 ( 1989-04), p. 644-650
    Abstract: The virulence of yersiniae varies according to (i) species and biotype and (ii) possession of a 67- to 72-kilobase virulence plasmid. Y. pestis, Y. pseudotuberculosis, and biotypes 1B, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of Y. enterocolitica are inherently virulent but express full virulence only when in possession of a virulence plasmid. Other Yersinia species and biotypes 1A and 3B of Y. enterocolitica are seldom implicated in disease. In this study, we prepared DNA probes from eight nonoverlapping regions of the virulence plasmid of a strain of Y. enterocolitica and from the inv and ail chromosomal loci responsible for the invasive capacity of Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis. The probes were used in colony hybridization experiments to investigate 156 yersiniae of various species and biotypes and of differing virulence. Probes prepared from the inv gene of Y. pseudotuberculosis hybridized with Y. pseudotuberculosis and Y. pestis only, whereas an analogous probe prepared from Y. enterocolitica hybridized with all species and biotypes of yersiniae (but not with other bacteria) regardless of virulence or potential virulence. Probes prepared from the ail region of Y. enterocolitica reacted almost exclusively with Y. enterocolitica strains of pathogenic biotypes. Probes prepared from the virulence plasmid of a serogroup O:8, biotype 1B isolate of Y. enterocolitica identified virulent yersiniae in all species with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. These probes did not react with yersiniae of avirulent biotypes or species. Of the other assays of virulence evaluated (calcium dependence, binding of crystal violet, and pyrazinamidase activity), binding of crystal violet provided a simple means for identifying plasmid-bearing strains.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-1137 , 1098-660X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/jcm.27.4.644-650.1989
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1989
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498353-9
    SSG: 12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rapid and sensitive method for the detection of serum hepatitis B virus DNA using the polymerase chain reaction technique
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1989
    In:  Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 27, No. 9 ( 1989-09), p. 1930-1933
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 27, No. 9 ( 1989-09), p. 1930-1933
    Abstract: We have developed a rapid procedure for the detection of serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. HBV DNA is released from virions by incubating serum with 0.1 M NaOH for 60 min at 37 degrees C. The mixture is brought to neutral pH with HCl, and the HBV DNA sequences are detected by agarose gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining after PCR amplification with two successive sets of primer pairs. The detection limit of this method (i.e., 10(-5) pg of HBV DNA) is equivalent to that previously determined by one round of PCR amplification and Southern blot hybridization analysis. The advantages are that the assay can be completed in 1 day, is very sensitive, and does not require the use of radiolabeled reagents.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-1137 , 1098-660X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/jcm.27.9.1930-1933.1989
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1989
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498353-9
    SSG: 12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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