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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Immunology 4 (1986), S. 205-216 
    ISSN: 0732-0582
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1600-065X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 297 (1982), S. 691-693 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ABLS 8.1 is a pre-B-cell tumour derived from a BALB/c mouse infected with Abelson virus11. The line was originally classified as B cell because of the presence of surface immuno-globulin12. We can detect neither surface nor cytoplasmic immunoglobulin in these cells, but recently the classification ...
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Blood pressure monitoring ; Hypertension ; Antihypertensiva ; Blutdruckmessung ; arterielle Hypertonie ; Antihypertensiva
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Durch technische Verbesserungen der Meßgeräte findet die nichtinvasive kontinuierliche Blutdruckmessung in zunehmendem Umfang Anwendung in der Hypertoniediagnostik. Neue vollautomatische Meßgeräte erlauben eine zuverlässige Registrierung und Auswertung von 24 Stunden Blutdruckprofilen. Unabhängig von aktivitätsbedingten Blutdruckschwankungen findet sich bei normotonen Personen und auch bei Patienten mit primärer Hypertonie ein typischer circadianer Rhythmus des Blutdrucks. Patienten mit sekundären Hypertonieformen zeigen eine Abflachung oder Aufhebung des circadianen Blutdruckrhythmus. In einer Studie wurde die Wirksamkeit des Calciumantagonisten Nitrendipin, desβ 1-selektiven Blockers Metoprolol, des ISA-β-blockers Mepindolol und des ACE-Hemmers Enalapril über einen Zeitraum von 6 Monaten bei Patienten mit leichter bis mittelschwerer Hypertonie untersucht. Eine 24 h Blutdruckregistrierung erfolgte vor und nach 6-monatiger Therapie. Von 299 eingeschlossenen Patienten brachen 98 Patienten die Studie ab, davon 47 wegen unerwünschter Wirkungen. Bei nichtausreichender Wirksamkeit der Monotherapie wurde nach 4 Wochen zusätzlich Hydrochlorothiazid verordnet. Die morgendlichen Ambulanzblutdruckwerte lagen in allen Gruppen am Ende des Beobachtungszeitraums im normotonen Bereich, ohne daß signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen vor und am Ende der Studie bestanden. Zu diesem Therapieerfolg war eine unterschiedliche Anzahl von Diuretikaverordnungen notwendig: Nitrendipin (n=5), Metoprolol (n=7), Mepindolol (n=14) und Enalapril (n=20). Trotz der vergleichbaren morgendlichen Blutdruckwerte ergaben sich in der 24 h Blutdruck-Registrierung z.T. deutliche Unterschiede. Metoprolol zeigte den deutlichsten blutdrucksenkenden Effekt und reduzierte systolische Blutdruckspitzen über 180 mmHg am effektivsten; wies aber auch die höchste Inzidenz von relativ hypotonen Werten (〈110/〈80 mmHg) auf. Eine wesentlich geringere Wirkung wies Mepindolol auf. Nitrendipin benötigte die geringste Anzahl zusätzlicher Diuretikaverordnungen und wies die geringste Anzahl von hypotonen systolischen Werten auf. Enalapril wies die deutlichste Reduktion von diastolischen Werten über 100 mmHg auf, und zeigte die geringste Anzahl von diastolischen Werten unter 80 mmHg, benötigte allerdings am häufigsten ein Diuretikum. Die Blutdrucktagesrhythmik wurde in keiner der 4 Therapiegruppen aufgehoben.
    Notes: Summary After improvement of technical equipment continuous ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is more and more used in the diagnosis of hypertension. New fully automatic systems permit a reliable registration and evaluation of 24-h blood pressure profiles. Typical circadian rhythmics of blood pressure, independent of a variability with different grades of activity, can be demonstrated in normotensive persons and also in patients with essential hypertension. Patients with secondary forms of hypertension show a nivellation or offset of circadian blood pressure rhythmics. A study was performed to examine the antihypertensive efficacy of the calcium antagonist Nitrendipine, theβ 1-adrenoceptor-selective blocker Metoprolol, theβ-blocker with intrinsic activity Mepindolol and the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor Enalapril in patients with mild to moderate hypertension over a period of 6 month. Continuous ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was performed before and after 6 month of therapy. 98 of 299 included patients broke off therapy, 47 of those because of side effects. Hydrochlorothiazide was given additionally if the antihypertensive effect of monotherapy was not sufficient after a period of 4 weeks. Morning blood pressure controls at the end of the treatment period showed normotensive values in all groups without significant differences between the groups before and at the end of the treatment period. The number of prescriptions of diuretics necessary to achieve normotension differed between the four treatment groups: Nitrendipine (n=5), Metoprolol (n=7), Mepindolol (n=14), Enalapril (n=20). In contrast to the morning blood pressure values the continuous 24-h blood pressure monitoring demonstrated significant differences between the therapy groups. Metoprolol turned out as most effective in lowering blood pressure and in reducing the number of systolic blood pressure peaks above 180 mmHg, but on the other hand showed the highest incidence of relative hypotension (〈100 mmHg systolic, 〈80 mmHg diastolic). Mepindolol demonstrated a significant lower efficacy. In the Nitrendipin group least of all prescriptions of diuretics were necessary and the lowest number of hypotensive systolic blood pressure values occurred. Enalapril showed the most significant reduction of diastolic values above 100 mmHg and the lowest number of diastolic values below 80 mmHg, but the highest number of prescription of diuretics was necessary in the Enalapril group. In none of the four therapy groups a neutralisation of circadian blood pressure rhythmics was demonstrable.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: 24-hours blood pressure measurements ; Lack of nocturnal blood pressure decrease ; Secondary hypertension ; Primary hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Non invasive 24 hours ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was performed in 81 patients with secondary hypertension (renoparenchymatous nephropathyn=15, diabetic nephropathyn=10, Conn's diseasen=4, renal artery stenosisn=15, pheochromocytoman=2, hemodialysis patientsn=15 and patients after kidney transplantationn=20). The results were compared to 201 patients with essential hypertension. The results showed that 98.5% of patients with essential hypertension have a nightly decline in blood pressure of at least 15 mmHg (systolic+diastolic), whereas 69% of patients with secondary hypertension showed either an attenuated circadian rhythm or no circadian rhythm. Patients with pheochromocytoma who had a night time increase in blood pressure demonstrated the greatest difference to the essential hypertension collective followed by patients with diabetic nephropathy, Conn's disease and the group of patients after kidney transplantation. After successful treatment of the condition leading to hypertension circadian periodicity returned in some patients. In summary these results suggest that the absence of a night time decline in blood pressure during 24-hour-ambulatory monitoring is an indication of secondary hypertension.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Captopril ; Blood coagulation ; Fibrin monomer complexes ; Fibrinolysis ; Captopril ; Blutgerinnung ; Fibrinmonomerkomplexe ; Fibrinolyse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 32 Patienten mit schwerer, therapieresistenter Hypertonie wurden unter der antihypertensive Therapie mit dem Angiotensin-converting-enzyme-inhibitor Captopril systematische Blutgerinnungsuntersuchungen durchgeführt. Bereits 2 h nach Therapiebeginn kam es zu einem Anstieg von Fibrinmonomerkomplexen, der nach 26 h und nach 1 Woche noch ausgeprägter war. Bei Kontrolluntersuchungen nach 6 bzw. 12 Monaten waren die Fibrinmonomere wieder weitgehend normalisiert. Bei einigen Patienten mit deutlichem Fibrinmonomeranstieg verkürzte sich zeitweise auch die PTT. Zusätzlich fand sich ein Anstieg der Antiplasminaktivität. Zu dem deutlichsten Anstieg der Fibrinmonomere kam es vor allem bei schneller und ausgeprägter Blutdrucksenkung. Bei 15 gesunden Normalpersonen stiegen ebenfalls die Fibrinmonomere nach einer einmaligen Captoprildosis von 25 mg an. Zusätzlich verkürzte sich die PTT und das Antiplasmin stieg an. Mit Fibrinplatten und der Bestimmung von Thrombengewichten konnte durch Captopril eine Hemmung der Fibrinolyse nachgewiesen werden. Sieben von 58 Patienten mit schwerer Hyptertonie und Atherosklerose erlitten unter der Captopriltherapie schwere vaskuläre Komplikationen: Myokardinfarkt (n=2), coronare Insuffizienz (1), cerebrale Ischämie (1), zunehmende Niereninsuffizienz (3). Durch die gefundenen Blutgerinnungsveränderungen könnten diese Komplikationen bei Patienten mit schwerer Hypertonie begünstigt sein.
    Notes: Summary Systematic blood coagulation analyses were conducted in 32 severely hypertensive patients treated with the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril. Two hours after the first captopril dose, fibrin monomer complexes had already increased. This rise was even more distinct after 26 h and 1 week. Tests after 6 and 12 months of therapy showed a regression of fibrin monomer complexes to pretreatment values. In several patients with a marked increase in fibrin monomer complexes, the partial thromboplastin time (PTT) became shorter and antiplasmin activity increased. The most pronounced increase in fibrin monomer complexes was seen in patients with a rapid and excessive blood pressure reduction. The concentration of fibrin monomer complexes also rose in 15 healthy normotensive subjects, after a single oral dose of captopril (25 mg). Additionally, the PTT was shortened and antiplasmin significantly rose. An inhibition of fibrinolysis by captopril could be demonstrated by the effect on fibrin plates and thrombus weight after streptokinase. Out of 58 patients with severe hypertension and atherosclerosis treated with captopril, 7 patients suffered vascular complications during antihypertensive therapy: myocardial infarction (n=2), coronary insufficiency (1), cerebral ischemia (1), renal insufficiency (3). These ischemic lesions may be partly explained by the alterations of coagulation and fibrinolysis under captopril therapy.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 63 (1985), S. 49-55 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Low-molecular-weight heparin ; Hemodialysis ; Coagulation ; Lipoproteinlipase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Low-molecular-weight (LMW) heparin has been compared to standard unfractionated (UF) heparin in a total of 49 patients on hemodialysis and hemofiltration in order to determine the necessary therapeutic dose and its effect on the coagulation system. A LMW heparin dose corresponding to 50% of the normal UF heparin dose was found to produce similar plasma heparin levels (anti-FXa-U/ml) in particular on minimal heparinization. At higher doses, UF heparin produced a more marked increase in plasma-heparin than did LMW heparin. Highly significant differences were found between UF and LMW heparin in their effects on PTT and thrombin time. Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) increased under UF heparin by an average of 120 s whereas LMW heparin only produced an increase of 5–7 s. Thrombin time was increased by 250–280 s under UF heparin and by 5–8 s under LMW heparin. With this LMW heparin dose of 50% of the UF heparin dose, no thrombosis of the extracorporal system occurred and no macroscopic detectable thrombotic material was found in the dialyzers or filters. No significant differences were observed between the effects of UF and LMW heparin on Factor VIII activity and fibrin monomers, so that a difference in coagulation activation between the two heparins can be excluded. Furthermore, there were no changes in thromboplastin time according to Quick, fibrinogen, antithrombin III, plasminogen, and a2-antiplasmin. Thus effective Anti-FXa levels and by similar antithrombotic activity, LMW heparin will probably present less of a bleeding risk because of its reduced effect on PTT and thrombin time. LMW heparin therefore appears to be a good alternative to UF heparin for patients with renal insufficiency requiring dialysis. LMW heparin is indicated in particular in patients at bleeding risk, with diabetic retinopathy, on therapy with oral anticoagulants or platelet aggregation inhibitors, and with thrombocytopenia.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 64 (1986), S. 695-700 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Captopril ; Severe hypertension ; 5-year-study ; Blood pressure ; Side effects ; Complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor captopril proved to be an effective antihypertensive drug during a 5-year follow-up study of patients with severe hypertension who had been resistant to a triple-drug regimen. Of the 42 patients, 41 had to be treated additionally with diuretics. Because of hypokalemia, potassium supplements were necessary in 26 patients, despite the use of “potassium-saving” diuretics in 12 patients. Blood pressure was controlled sufficiently in 3/4 of the patients during the 5 years. Patients with a large elevation in plasma renin activity showed the best response to the treatment. Six patients died during the 5 years. Therapy had to be stopped in 11 patients because of complications. The following complications and adverse effects were observed: cerebral ischemia (n=10), vertigo and orthostasis (10), exanthema (9), hypogeusia (7), circulatory failure (7), myocardial infarction (6), and scintigraphically demonstrable decrease of renal perfusion (5). One patient with bilateral renal artery stenosis suffered from acute renal failure, which was reversible after withdrawal of captopril. Significant changes of red and white blood cell counts, transaminases, lipids, urine protein excretion, and heart rate were not observed.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 64 (1986), S. 587-589 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Kidney ; Fibrinolysis ; Renal veins ; Acute renal failure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 50 patients without renal insufficiency, fibrinolytic activity, as reflected by euglobulin lysis time, was determined in blood obtained from the renal veins, the renal artery and a peripheral vein. Fibrinolytic activity was found to be significantly higher in the renal veins than in the renal artery and the peripheral vein. Other coagulation and fibrinolysis parameters did not show such differences. In addition, a patient with acute oligoanuric renal failure was investigated. This patient demonstrated reduced overall fibrinolytic activity, but there were no differences between the activity in the blood of the renal veins and that of the renal artery or peripheral vein. It seems, therefore, that the kidneys release plasminogen activators into the systemic circulation. This may be decreased in renal failure, probably contributing to the well-known diminished fibrinolysis in some kidney diseases.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Cardiac contractility ; Cyclic AMP ; Adenylate cyclase system ; Histaminergic H-receptors ; β-Adrenoceptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present study characterizes myocardial effects of two new histaminergic H2-receptor specific compounds, impromidine, and dimaprit, on cardiac contractile and metabolic parameters of the guinea pig heart and human papillary muscle in comparison to the well-known effects of catecholamines. Impromidine and dimaprit produced a dose-dependent stimulation of the right and left ventricular contractile force in the isolated perfused biventricular catheterized guinea pig heart with maximal stimulation rates equal to those of isoproterenol. Hemodynamic equieffective doses of isoproterenol (2.8 × 10−9 mol/l), histamine (1.1 × 10−5 mol/l), impromidine (4.6 × 10−7 mol/l), and dimaprit (8.5 × 10−6 mol/l) induced nearly identical increases in tissue concentrations of c-AMP. All compounds dose-dependently enhanced the activity of the myocardial adenylate cyclase with very similar KA-values in a particulate sarcolemmal membrane preparation of both guinea pig ventricles and human papillary muscles. No effect of either compound was seen on cardiac phosphodiesterase activity. Selective administration of theβ 1-blocking agent metoprolol and the H2-receptor antagonist cimetidine clearly discriminates two independent receptors linked to the sarcolemmal adenylate cyclase system in the guinea pig and human myocardium. This is further supported by results obtained fromβ-receptor-binding studies in which an interference of impromidine and dimaprit with the stereospecific binding of (−)[3H]-dihydroalprenolol to cardiacβ-receptors could be definitely excluded. The possible therapeutic role of both H2-agonists on the non-ischemic, surviving myocardium, which is transiently refractory toβ-adrenergic stimulation by catecholamines after myocardial infarction, will be discussed.
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