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Cadmium in finnish breast milk, a longitudinal study (1983)

Vuori, E. ; Vetter, M. ; Kuitunen, P. ; [et al.]

Springer

Archives of toxicology 53 (1983), S. 207-211

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ISSN: 1432-0738

Keywords: Milk ; Human ; Cadmium

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Abstract Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry was employed to analyse cadmium in breast milk. Twenty breast milk samples were donated by seven mothers during 6 months of lactation. All milk samples represented every feeding during a period of 24 h, having foremilk an hindmilk in equal proportions. The median cadmium concentration in the 1st month was 2.0 μg/l (range 1.7–3.1 μg/l, 7 samples) and then declined to 1.5 μg/l (range 1.3–2.5 μg/l, 7 samples) and 1.6 μg/l (range 1.2–2.0 μg/l, 6 samples) in the 3rd and 6th months, respectively. At the age of 1 and 3 months when the infants were totally breast fed the average weekly intake of cadmium was 2.7 and 1.5 μg/kg. This is below the provisional tolerable weekly intake of man, from 6.7 to 8.3 μg/kg, proposed by WHO.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00316504

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Influence of materials and structure on performance of a football helmet (1987)

Vetter, L. ; Vanderby, R. ; Broutman, L. J.

Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Polymer Engineering and Science 27 (1987), S. 1113-1120

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ISSN: 0032-3888

Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics

Notes: A nonlinear finite element model for the static analysis of football helmets is developed as a first step in a methodology for the mathematical modeling of helmets. Polycarbonate and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene are considered as the shell material for the helmet. Such a methodology can be used to predict helmet response to loading and impact and can be incorporated in a computer program studying injuries caused by helmeted head collisions in football. Numerical results in terms of force-deflection curves, maximum stresses, and work of deformation are given. The influence of the polymeric material forming the helmet shell on energy absorption is studied. The effect of the internal padding material and suspension system is also considered.

Additional Material: 12 Ill.