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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Age-dependent foraging behaviour and host-instar preference of the aphid parasitoidLysiphlebus cardui (1994)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 70 (1994), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Lysiphlebus cardui ; Aphis fabae cirsiiacanthoidis ; age-dependent foraging behaviour ; host-instar prefence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Foraging behaviour and host-instar preference of young and old females of the solitary aphid parasitoid,Lysiphlebus cardui Marshall (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae), were studied in the laboratory. The analysis of interactions between parasitoids and different stages ofAphis fabae cirsiiacanthoidis Scop. (Homoptera: Aphididae) revealed that encounter rates between aphids and parasitoid females and defence reactions of the aphids influenced the degree to which a particular aphid age class is parasitized. Encounter rates between hosts and parasitoid females depended on the foraging pattern of the parasitoid, which varied with age. In mixed aphid colonies patch residence time increased with parasitoid age. Furthermore, younger parasitoids (≦1 day old) laid more eggs into second and third instars, while older parasitoids (≧4 days old) did not show distinct host instar preferences. It is suggested that the oviposition behaviour ofL. cardui is influenced by the physiological state, i.e. the age of the wasp.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02380626
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Foraging strategies in solitary parasitoids: The trade-off between female and offspring mortality risks (1994)
    Springer
    Evolutionary ecology 8 (1994), S. 587-597 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8477
    Keywords: parasitoids ; foraging behaviour ; mortality risks ; Lysiphlebus cardui ; Trioxys angelicae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary It is often assumed that oviposition rate is the currency that parasitoids should maximize in order to maximize reproductive success. Female parasitoids foraging in a patchy environment face a variety of mortality risks that influence the survival of both themselves and their offspring. Maximizing oviposition rate ignores these risks. A model is developed to analyse the influence of female and offspring mortality risks on optimal patch residence time in time-limited solitary parasitoids. The optimal compromize between minimizing a female's own mortality risks and the mortality risks of her offspring in characterized. The optimal patch residence time is shown to be dependent on the relative magnitude of these mortality risks, as well as the rate with which reproductive success accumulates while on a patch. If travel time between patches is not fixed but a random variable, the optimal patch residence time decreases. However, variability in travel time increases expectations of total reproductive success. The model is illustrated with a case study in two aphid parasitoids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01237843
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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