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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Silica and germanium in Pacific Ocean hydrothermal vents and plumes
    Elsevier BV ; 1993
    In:  Earth and Planetary Science Letters Vol. 119, No. 3 ( 1993-09), p. 365-378
    Details
    In: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Elsevier BV, Vol. 119, No. 3 ( 1993-09), p. 365-378
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-821X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/0012-821X(93)90144-X
    RVK:
    TE 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 1993
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Physical and Biological Controls on Carbon Cycling in the Equatorial Pacific
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 1994
    In:  Science Vol. 266, No. 5182 ( 1994-10-07), p. 58-65
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 266, No. 5182 ( 1994-10-07), p. 58-65
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.266.5182.58
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1994
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  • 3
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    Assessment of the air‐sea exchange of CO 2 in the south Pacific during austral autumn
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1991
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Vol. 96, No. C11 ( 1991-11-15), p. 20455-20465
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 96, No. C11 ( 1991-11-15), p. 20455-20465
    Abstract: Measurements of CO 2 concentrations in the atmosphere and in the surface waters of the South Pacific Ocean were made by NOAA scientists between 1984 and 1989. These basin‐wide measurements were all taken during austral autumn and provide data for evaluation of the seasonal flux of CO 2 from this region. The sensitivity of this flux to the uncertainty in the CO 2 gas exchange coefficient was evaluated using four different wind data sets and two formulations for the wind dependence of gas transfer velocity. The integrated net flux of CO 2 to the atmosphere during austral autumn (February to May) ranges from −0.03 (ocean influx) to +0.09 (ocean efflux) GT of carbon depending on the combination of wind field and wind‐dependent exchange coefficient used.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/91JC02064
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1991
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  • 4
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    The effect of hydrothermal processes on midwater phosphorus distributions in the northeast Pacific
    Elsevier BV ; 1990
    In:  Earth and Planetary Science Letters Vol. 96, No. 3-4 ( 1990-1), p. 305-318
    Details
    In: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Elsevier BV, Vol. 96, No. 3-4 ( 1990-1), p. 305-318
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-821X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/0012-821X(90)90009-M
    RVK:
    TE 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 1990
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  • 5
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    Temporal and spatial variability of hydrothermal manganese and iron at Cleft segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1994
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth Vol. 99, No. B3 ( 1994-03-10), p. 4905-4923
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 99, No. B3 ( 1994-03-10), p. 4905-4923
    Abstract: A unique data set for hydrothermal Mn and Fe was collected at Cleft segment on the Juan de Fuca Ridge between 1983 and 1991. The data set includes observations of focused and diffuse venting fluids and neutrally buoyant plumes formed by chronic and episodic venting. Manganese/heat and iron/heat ratios for plumes from the north end of the Cleft segment were combined with independently determined estimates of plume heat flux to yield annually averaged chronic venting fluxes for Mn of 0.36±0.17 mol s −1 and for Fe of 0.61±0.34 mol s −1 . Over 6 years of plume measurements at North Cleft segment, observed episodic hydrothermal discharge accounted for −15% of the total vented Mn and −35% of vented Fe. The chronic fluxes for Mn and Fe at a second venting center located at the south end of the Cleft segment were estimated to be approximately equal to the fluxes at North Cleft segment. Chronic plumes at North Cleft segment are mixtures of focused and diffuse discharge that contribute heat, Mn, and Fe in variable proportions. Similar examination of South Cleft segment data strongly suggests the presence of an as yet unobserved venting source relatively depleted in Mn and Fe but contributing substantially to the overall heat. Temporal and spatial variations in the concentrations of Mn and Fe and in Mn/heat and Fe/heat ratios for focused seafloor vents were difficult to resolve within complex chronic plumes. Manganese/heat and iron/heat ratios of megaplumes suggest they may have derived from reservoirs of diffuse fluids while smaller event plumes may have formed by different processes and have properties similar to chronic plumes. The accurate assessment of segment‐scale hydrothermal fluxes of Mn and Fe requires coordinated measurements of representative seafloor sources and the neutrally buoyant plume that integrates all seafloor discharge.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/93JB02799
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1994
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  • 6
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    Trace metals in hydrothermal solutions from Cleft segment on the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1994
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth Vol. 99, No. B3 ( 1994-03-10), p. 4925-4935
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 99, No. B3 ( 1994-03-10), p. 4925-4935
    Abstract: Concentrations of trace metals in Fe‐ and Cl‐rich hydrothermal solutions from the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge (SJFR) have been determined and corrected for residual precipitates formed in the sampler. Precipitate corrections for Ag, Cd, Cu, Mo, Pb, Sb, and Zn were variable, contributing an average of 20% to total solution concentrations whereas corrections for Co averaged less than 5% and essentially no corrections were required for Fe and Mn. Values for Cu, Co, and Mo in these solutions showed a strong dependence on temperature with sharp decreases in concentrations as temperatures decreased to less than 320°C. In addition, and unlike most other metals studied, all vent fluids from the SJFR were almost completely depleted in Mo relative to seawater values of about 110 nmol kg −1 . In contrast to the Cu‐Co‐Mo group, concentrations of Ag, Cd, Sb, and Pb correlated well with those for Zn and are presumed to follow a distribution that is influenced less by temperature over the 246 to 332°C range encountered in this study and more by the combined chemical processes that control Zn levels along the transport pathway from the deep reaction zone to the vent orifice.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/93JB02108
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1994
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    SSG: 16,13
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  • 7
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    Excess 222 Rn above the Cleft segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1994
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth Vol. 99, No. B3 ( 1994-03-10), p. 5007-5015
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 99, No. B3 ( 1994-03-10), p. 5007-5015
    Abstract: The distributions of excess 222 Rn above the North Cleft segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge were determined from 1988 to 1991 in order to obtain a better understanding of the temporal variability of heat flux from this ridge segment. Based on the inventories of excess 222 Rn, the hydrothermal heat flux was estimated to be 2.7±1.3 GW in 1990. The large uncertainty results from errors in calculating the standing crop of 222 Rn, the difficulty in determining the 222 Rn to heat ratio, and the problem of entrainment of low‐temperature waters into the rising plume. The high‐resolution sampling program carried out in 1990 permitted the mapping of apparent plume ages for different sections of the neutrally buoyant plume. About 3 km to the east of the ridge axis there is a sharp gradient in the apparent age of the plume, while to the west the plume appears to be younger. This plume age distribution could indicate a current flow to the northwest during the time this transect was sampled. The mean 222 Rn/heat ratios for the high‐ and low‐temperature vent fluids were 0.0017 disintegrations per minute (dpm) g −1 °C −1 and 0.0044 dpm g −1 °C −1 , respectively. The extrapolated end‐member concentrations of excess 222 Rn in low‐temperature vent fluids are a factor of 6 greater than the high‐temperature fluids, based on the regressions of excess 222 Rn activity and Mg concentration in North Cleft segment vent fluid samples.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/93JB03209
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1994
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  • 8
    Online Resource
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    Scavenging rates of dissolved manganese in a hydrothermal vent plume
    Elsevier BV ; 1990
    In:  Deep Sea Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers Vol. 37, No. 10 ( 1990-10), p. 1619-1637
    Details
    In: Deep Sea Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers, Elsevier BV, Vol. 37, No. 10 ( 1990-10), p. 1619-1637
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0198-0149
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/0198-0149(90)90065-4
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 1990
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  • 9
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    Composition and sedimentation of hydrothermal plume particles from North Cleft segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1994
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth Vol. 99, No. B3 ( 1994-03-10), p. 4985-5006
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 99, No. B3 ( 1994-03-10), p. 4985-5006
    Abstract: In 1990 and 1991, particles from buoyant and neutrally buoyant hydrothermal plumes above hydrothermal vents at the North Cleft segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge were sampled to study their changing composition and fluxes away from the vent field. In the rising buoyant plume, 〉 75% of the P, V, Cr, and As scavenging from seawater by hydrothermal precipitates occurs in the first 50 m above the vent. Cu and Zn are most enriched in buoyant plume particles collected from the first few meters above the vent. However, the degree of enrichment decreases very rapidly with increased height above the vents due to sedimentation of the more dense Cu‐ and Zn‐rich sulfide phases. Using the plume data, coupled with the results of our analysis of sediment trap samples, we estimated that more than 99% and 99.9%, respectively, of the total hydrothermal Fe and Mn produced at the vent field are transported beyond the vent field and dispersed in the open ocean.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/93JB02509
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1994
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    SSG: 16,13
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  • 10
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    Tracking the dispersal of hydrothermal plumes from the Juan de Fuca Ridge using suspended matter compositions
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1992
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth Vol. 97, No. B3 ( 1992-03-10), p. 3457-3468
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 97, No. B3 ( 1992-03-10), p. 3457-3468
    Abstract: In 1988 and 1989, particles from on‐ and off‐axis neutrally buoyant plumes over the Juan de Fuca Ridge were sampled to study their changing composition with distance from the ridge crest. Plume depth and particle composition in off‐axis hydrothermal plumes were used to identify plume sources and trajectories. Iron and phosphorus concentrations and, in particular, P/Fe molar ratios were found to be sensitive indicators of hydrothermal phases in the suspended matter. Phosphorus, vanadium, and arsenic are scavenged from solution where dissolved iron from hydrothermal vents oxidizes in seawater and forms submicrometer‐sized particles of Fe oxyhydroxide. The P/Fe molar ratio (∼0.23) is essentially the same for vent fields along Cleft and Endeavour segments, indicating that the scavenging processes are the same for both regions. High P/Fe ratios are observed over the South and North Cleft Segment vent fields and to the west along the Vance Seamount Chain. The seamounts evidently function as a barrier, bathymetrically steering the hydrothermal plumes to the west away from the ridge crest. Since particles from the Endeavour vent field are greatly enriched in copper relative to hydrothermal plumes from other vent fields along the Juan de Fuca Ridge, copper concentrations in the plumes can be used to distinguish plume sources. Based on water column depth and elemental composition, hydrothermal plume particles from specific vent fields on the Juan de Fuca Ridge may be tracked as much as several tens of kilometers from their source using particle compositions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/91JB03062
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1992
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