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  • Articles  (4)
  • 1990-1994  (4)
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  • Articles  (4)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Statistical Methodologies Useful for the Analysis of Data from Risk-assessment Studies (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of public health dentistry 52 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-7325
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: in dentistry, the vast majority of studies attempting to predict who is at high risk for getting a disease or condition, or attempting to identify risk factors for a specific disease or condition, have focused either on only one risk factor at a time, or have measured multiple potential risk factors, but analyzed their effects in isolation. Since researchers tend to agree that most dental conditions have a multiple etiology, it is necessary to develop models that consider simultaneously the effect of a number of potential risk factors on the disease or condition of interest if we are to have any understanding of the relative impact of potential risk factors. Many existing statistical techniques will aid dental researchers in identifying risk factors. However, the selection of an appropriate analytic technique depends on a number of conditions. The strategy for this paper is to discuss a wide range of possible statistical techniques that may be applied to the problem of deriving a model for identification of multiple risk factors for dental diseases and conditions. We have approached this task by presenting a number of dental research problems needing an appropriate analytic technique. Next, basic issues that must be considered in choosing an appropriate analytic strategy are discussed. These issues include features of the study design, the data structure of the variables being measured, and the types of assumptions that are applicable to provide valid inferences about the target population of interest. A matrix of possible analytic techniques is presented for various combinations of study-design and data-structure features. After a discussion of each of the techniques, the appropriate statistical techniques for each of the dental examples are described. The issues and examples presented in this paper should be of use to dental researchers who wish to investigate multiple risk factors for a disease or condition of interest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-7325.1992.tb02260.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eighteen-month Coronal Caries Incidence in North Carolina Older Adults (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of public health dentistry 54 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-7325
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In this longitudinal study of a random sample of North Carolinians over the age of 65 and living in their homes, 325 blacks and 280 whites were examined and interviewed 18 months after baseline examinations. Coronal caries incidence was greater among whites than blacks. The increment due to teeth becoming root fragments were similar for both races; however, there were more newly crowned teeth among whites. Newly crowned surfaces were not used as part of the caries increment in logistic regression models to investigate potential risk predictors. For blacks, caries development over the 18-month period was associated with a higher lactobacillus score and more coronal caries at baseline, more previously filled coronal surfaces, and lack of active membership in clubs or other groups. For whites, having no self-reported tooth sensitivity, having a lower socioeconomic index score, taking antihistamine medications at baseline, and having the perception of more problems after the age of 40 than before were all associated with the development of coronal caries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-7325.1994.tb01175.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Prevalence of Dental Sealants in North Carolina Schoolchildren (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of public health dentistry 54 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-7325
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objectives: This study reports the prevalence of dental sealants derived from a survey of schoolchildren in North Carolina, and its variation according to several sociodemographic characteristics. Methods: A single-stage, stratified probability sample of grade K–12 classrooms in the state yielded a sample of 8,026 students. Clinical examinations were performed on 83 percent of the sample. Estimates for sealant prevalence and their variation according to seven sociodemographic variables were determined. Results: About 117,000 children in the state, or 12 percent of those 6–17 years of age, have sealants. The prevalence of sealants varied according to geographic region of residence and the socioeconomic status of whites. Prevalence was affected little by age, sex, degree of urbanism, or socioeconomic status of those with races other than white. Conclusions: While underutilized, there are indications in these data that sealant use is increasing, thus having the potential to contribute to further declines in the prevalence of dental caries in the state. Those factors included in this study and associated with the prevalence of sealants suggest that major gains in sealant use will need to address not only those specific barriers preventing their use by the profession or public, but broader issues preventing the utilization of dental services in general.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-7325.1994.tb01210.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    U. S. Householder survey of functional gastrointestinal disorders (1993)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 38 (1993), S. 1569-1580 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: functional bowel disorders ; epidemiology ; diagnosis ; demography ; health care use ; work absenteeism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Our objective was to obtain national data of the estimated prevalence, sociodemographic relationships, and health impact of persons with functional gastrointestinal disorders. We surveyed a stratified probability random sample of U.S householders selected from a data base of a national market firm (National Family Opinion, Inc.). Questions were asked about bowel symptoms, sociodemographic associations, work absenteeism, and physician visits. The sampling frame was constructed to be demographically similar to the U.S. householder population based on geographic region, age of householder, population density, household income and household size. Of 8250 mailings, 5430 were returned suitable for analysis (66% response). The survey assessed the prevalence of 20 functional gastrointestinal syndromes based on fulfillment of multinational diagnostic (Rome) criteria. Additional variables studied included: demographic status, work absenteeism, health care use, employment status, family income, geographic area of residence, population density, and number of persons in household. For this sample, 69% reported having at least one of 20 functional gastrointestinal syndromes in the previous three months. The symptoms were attributed to four major anatomic regions: esophageal (42%), gastroduodenal (26%), bowel (44%), and anorectal (26%), with considerable overlap. Females reported greater frequencies of globus, functional dysphagia, irritable bowel syndrome, functional constipation, functional abdominal pain, functional biliary pain and dyschezia; males reported greater frequencies of aerophagia and functional bloating. Symptom reporting, except for incontinence, declines with age, and low income is associated with greater symptom reporting. The rate of work/school absenteeism and physician visits is increased for those having a functional gastrointestinal disorder. Furthermore, the greatest rates are associated with those having gross fecal incontinence and certain more painful functional gastrointestinal disorders such as chronic abdominal pain, biliary pain, functional dyspepsia and IBS. Preliminary information on the prevalence, socio-demographic features and health impact is provided for persons who fulfill diagnostic criteria for functional gastrointestinal disorders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01303162
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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