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  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences  (7)
  • 1990-1994  (7)
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  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences  (7)
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  • 1990-1994  (7)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Herpes simplex virus infected cell polypeptide 4 preferentially represses Sp1-activated over basal transcription from its own promoter.
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 1993
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 90, No. 20 ( 1993-10-15), p. 9528-9532
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 90, No. 20 ( 1993-10-15), p. 9528-9532
    Abstract: Herpes simplex virus type 1 infected cell polypeptide 4 (HSV-1 ICP4) is a multifunctional phosphoprotein that is essential for viral infection. It is both a repressor and an activator of viral gene expression depending upon the promoter. ICP4 represses transcription from its own promoter. In the present study, we used general transcription factors from HeLa cell nuclear extracts, recombinant TATA binding protein (TBP) and TFIIB, and the transcriptional activator Sp1 to reconstitute in vitro transcription for the ICP4 promoter and to examine the effects of purified ICP4 on transcription. ICP4 was able to effectively repress Sp1-induced transcription from ICP4 promoter templates that contain one or multiple Sp1 binding sites. The observed inhibition required the ICP4 binding site that spans the transcription initiation site. ICP4 did not inhibit basal transcription as inferred by its inability to inhibit transcription when (i) Sp1 was not included in transcription reactions, (ii) the templates contained no Sp1 binding sites, and (iii) TBP was used in place of TFIID in the reactions. The in vitro observations were consistent with the behavior of the same constructs expressed in cells from the herpes simplex virus type 1 genome. DNase I footprinting experiments revealed that ICP4 could co-occupy the ICP4 promoter region with TBP-TFIIB, indicating that ICP4 does not necessarily exclude these factors from binding to the TATA region. The data suggest that the repressive effects of ICP4 observed in this study result from ICP4 interfering with the interactions contributing to Sp1-induced transcription.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.20.9528
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 1993
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Vitamin D-responsive protein-DNA interactions at multiple promoter regulatory elements that contribute to the level of rat osteocalcin gene expression.
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 1992
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 89, No. 13 ( 1992-07), p. 6119-6123
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 89, No. 13 ( 1992-07), p. 6119-6123
    Abstract: The observation that vitamin D-mediated enhancement of osteocalcin (OC) gene expression is dependent on and reciprocally related to the level of basal gene expression suggests that an interaction of the vitamin D responsive element (VDRE) with basal regulatory elements of the OC gene promoter contributes to both basal and vitamin D-enhanced transcription. Protein-DNA interactions at the VDRE of the rat OC gene (nucleotides -466 to -437) are reflected by direct sequence-specific and antibody-sensitive binding of the endogenous vitamin D receptor present in ROS 17/2.8 osteosarcoma nuclear protein extracts. In addition, a vitamin D-responsive increase in OC gene transcription is accompanied by enhanced non-vitamin D receptor-mediated protein-DNA interactions in the "TATA" box region (nucleotides -44 to +23), which also contains a potential glucocorticoid responsive element. Evidence for proximity of the VDRE with the basal regulatory elements is provided by two features of nuclear architecture. (i) Nuclear matrix attachment elements in the rat OC gene promoter that bind nuclear matrix proteins with sequence specificity may impose structural constraints on promoter conformation. (ii) Limited micrococcal nuclease digestion and Southern blot analysis indicate that three nucleosomes can be accommodated in the sequence spanning the OC gene VDRE, the OC/CCAAT box (nucleotides -99 to -76), and the TATA/glucocorticoid responsive element, and thereby the potential distance between the VDRE and the basal regulatory elements can be reduced. A model is presented for the contribution of both the VDRE and proximal promoter elements to the enhancement of OC gene transcription in response to vitamin D. The vitamin D receptor plus accessory proteins may function cooperatively with basal regulatory factors to modulate the extent to which the OC gene is transcribed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.89.13.6119
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 1992
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Human bone marrow and umbilical cord blood cells generate CD4+ and CD8+ single-positive T cells in murine fetal thymus organ culture.
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 1993
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 90, No. 22 ( 1993-11-15), p. 10778-10782
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 90, No. 22 ( 1993-11-15), p. 10778-10782
    Abstract: Murine fetal thymus lobes isolated from both normal and scid/scid mice can be colonized by donor cells from either human bone marrow or human umbilical cord blood in vitro. Subsequent organ culture results in a transient production of a few CD4+ CD8+ (double-positive) cells and then the accumulation of CD4+ or CD8+ (single-positive) T cells. A significant number of immature T-cell intermediates (e.g., CD8low, CD3-/low cells) were present in early organ cultures, suggesting that these were progenitors of the mature CD3+/high single-positive T cells that dominated late cultures. Depletion of mature T cells from the donor-cell populations did not affect their ability to colonize thymus lobes. However, colonization depended on the presence of CD7+ progenitor T cells. Limiting dilution experiments using mature T-cell populations (human peripheral blood leukocytes, human bone marrow cells, and human umbilical cord blood cells) suggested that thymic organ culture supports the growth of progenitor T cells but does not support the growth of mature human T cells. Each of these donor populations produced single-positive populations with different CD4/CD8 ratios, suggesting that precursor cells from different sources differ qualitatively in their capacity to differentiate into T cells.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.22.10778
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 1993
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Phenotypic and functional immaturity of human umbilical cord blood T lymphocytes.
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 1992
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 89, No. 21 ( 1992-11), p. 10006-10010
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 89, No. 21 ( 1992-11), p. 10006-10010
    Abstract: Successful implementation of bone marrow transplantation for hematopoietic reconstitution is limited by the lack of suitably HLA-matched donors and by the occurrence of graft-versus-host disease that frequently accompanies this procedure. Recent clinical reports have implied that the use of umbilical cord blood as a source of transplantable stem cells may solve these problems. To date, definitive experiments have not been performed to assess the immunological potential of T cells found in umbilical cord blood, which could mediate graft-versus-host disease. In the present study we have observed that umbilical cord blood contains T lymphocytes that appear to be phenotypically immature. In addition, umbilical cord blood lymphocytes appeared to be functionally immature as shown by minimal responses to stimulation with interleukin 2, phytohemagglutinin, or alloantigens. Thus, umbilical cord blood may be more suitable for allogeneic transplantation than bone marrow in that these cord blood cells may not be as capable of mediating graft-versus-host disease.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.89.21.10006
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 1992
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The avian vitamin D receptors: primary structures and their origins.
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 1994
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 91, No. 24 ( 1994-11-22), p. 11596-11600
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 91, No. 24 ( 1994-11-22), p. 11596-11600
    Abstract: cDNA clones encoding Japanese quail chorioallantoic membrane and chicken kidney 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptors were isolated and the total 448-amino acid (aa) sequence was deduced. The sequences of the chicken and quail receptors are identical. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the avian receptors are similar but not identical to the reported rat or human receptor sequences. There is a 78% similarity in the nucleotide sequences and 98.5% and 87.5% similarities in the amino acid sequences of the DNA-binding and ligand-binding domains, respectively. Two avian receptor proteins (58 and 60 kDa) arise from a single mRNA transcript by alternate initiation of translation. The avian 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptors were produced using a bacterial expression system. Form A receptor was expressed from a cloned cDNA that contains the first translation signal (ATG) and corresponds with the 60-kDa avian receptor protein, and form B receptor was initiated from the third ATG on the same mRNA transcript to give rise to the 58-kDa protein. The cysteine-rich DNA-binding domain is almost conserved among human, rat, and avian receptors. The position of the nine cysteines was conserved in all three sequences. The avian receptor differs in the second zinc finger domain, where a methionine replaces a leucine, a serine replaces an asparagine, and a lysine replaces an arginine at aa 77, 83, and 87, respectively, of the avian sequence. The increased length of the avian receptor results from a 20-aa extension of the N-terminal region. RNA hybridization indicates there is a single mRNA species of approximately 2700 bp for both the chicken and quail receptors compared to 4400 bp for the rat transcript. Surprisingly, the translated avian sequence is larger (448 aa) than the 423-aa rat receptor protein. Therefore, our results confirm that despite the difference in molecular mass between different receptor proteins, there is a similarity in gene organization such that the DNA-binding and hormone-binding domains are positionally conserved from the C terminus.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.91.24.11596
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 1994
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Identification of a DNA sequence responsible for binding of the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 enhancement of mouse secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP-1 or osteopontin) gene expression.
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 1990
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 87, No. 24 ( 1990-12), p. 9995-9999
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 87, No. 24 ( 1990-12), p. 9995-9999
    Abstract: Secreted phosphoprotein 1 (Spp-1; osteopontin) is one of the abundant noncollagenous proteins in bone matrix and is produced by osteoblasts. We examined the promoter region of the mouse Spp-1 gene and identified a sequence responsible for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 enhancement of the Spp-1 gene expression. This 24-base-pair (bp) sequence (vitamin D response element) is located 761 bp upstream of the transcription start site and consists of two direct repeats of a unique 9-bp motif, AGGTTCACG. The vitamin D response element confers responsiveness of a heterologous promoter to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in a position- and orientation-independent and copy-number-dependent manner. The basal level of expression of the reporter constructs containing this sequence and its response to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 were not affected by cotreatment with transforming growth factor beta or the tumor promoter phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate or by cotransfection with a JUN expression vector. The vitamin D response element forms DNA-protein complexes, as indicated by gel-retardation assays. The addition of a monoclonal antibody raised against the vitamin D receptor further retarded the mobility of the DNA-protein complex. Another antibody that recognizes the DNA binding region of the vitamin D receptor attenuated its binding to the sequence. These results indicate that this 24-bp sequence containing two 9-bp motifs binds to the vitamin D receptor and mediates the vitamin D3 enhancement of murine Spp-1 gene expression.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.87.24.9995
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 1990
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The SCL gene product is regulated by and differentially regulates cytokine responses during myeloid leukemic cell differentiation.
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 1993
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 90, No. 16 ( 1993-08-15), p. 7864-7868
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 90, No. 16 ( 1993-08-15), p. 7864-7868
    Abstract: Differentiation induction in murine M1 leukemia cells by interleukin 6 (IL-6), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and oncostatin M (OSM) is postulated to occur via a common receptor chain, gp130. In this study, growth factor-induced differentiation of M1 cells was accompanied by a late and persistent decrease in levels of mRNA and protein for a helix-loop-helix transcription factor, the SCL gene product. To evaluate whether reduced SCL expression was instrumental in monocyte differentiation, an SCL cDNA expression vector was introduced into M1 cells to obtain cell lines in which overexpression of SCL mRNA and protein was enforced. This resulted in a reduction in cells differentiating in response to LIF and OSM but not in response to IL-6. Scatchard analysis indicated that both parental and SCL-transfected cell lines exhibited similar receptor numbers and receptor affinities for LIF, OSM, and IL-6, suggesting that the differential responsiveness was not due to selective receptor down-modulation. Thus, these data implicate SCL in monocytic differentiation and provide evidence for differential receptor signaling pathways despite utilization of a common gp130 subunit by all three receptors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.16.7864
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 1993
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
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