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  • Springer  (24)
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • Elsevier
  • 1990-1994  (24)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 32 (1993), S. 477-482 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Slip and no-slip flows ; squeezing wedge flow ; power law viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Squeezing flow in a wedge simulates a number of practical processes, e.g. lubrication, coating and the sensory evaluation of liquid foods. This paper reports analytical approximate solutions for both slip (or lubricated) and no-slip squeezing flow of liquid food in a wedge, in which the power law fluid model was used. The solutions do not seem to be more complex than that for squeezing flow between two parallel disks and may be used as a variation of the psycho-physical models of in-mouth viscosity and food spreadability. Alternatively, a rheometer for testing liquid foods may be developed according to the equations described in this paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 73 (1994), S. 51-60 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Forficula auricularia ; Cacopsylla pyri ; prédation ; réponse fonctionnelle ; distribution spatiale ; Forficula auricularia ; Cacopsylla pyri ; predation ; functional response ; spatial distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Forficula auricularia L. is a well known aphid predator, and is also described as potentially active on Psyllidae. We studied the numeric and spatial components of the predation ofF. auricularia on pear psylla,Cacopsylla pyri (L.) under laboratory and semi-field conditions. At low prey density, a young third-instar larvae consumed as many psylla eggs asEphestia kueheniella Zeller eggs, offered as alternative prey. The functional response to prey density revealed a maximum daily consumption of 10 mg per larvae, i.e. more than 1000 psylla eggs. The tests revealed a density-dependent response, which strongly reduced the size of large prey groups. Third and fourth instar earwigs consumed all preimaginal psylla instars. In the spring, colonisation of pear trees by the third instar earwigs coincides with the egg-laying of the 2nd generation ofC. pyri. The natural populations in orchards of this univoltine and polyphagous predator are little dependent of the prey population. Because ofF. auricularia high predatory capacity, its destruction by chemicals should be avoided in pear tree orchards.
    Notes: Résumé Reconnu comme agent régulateur des populations aphidiennes de diverses cultures,Forficula auricularia L. est également décrit comme potentiellement actif sur les Homoptères Psyllidae. Nous avons évalué en conditions de laboratoire puis semi-contrôlées en verger les composantes numériques et spatiales de la prédation deF. auricularia sur le psylle du poirier,Cacopsylla pyri (L.). Pour de faibles densités de proies, le poids consommé par une larve du 3ème stade est équivalent sur oeufs de psylles et sur une proie alternative constituée d'oeufs d'Ephestia kuehniella Zeller. Le maximum journalier s'établit à 10 mg pour ce stade larvaire, soit plus d'un millier d'oeufs de psylles. Les tests révèlent une réponse de type densité — dépendant, aboutissant à une forte réduction de la taille des agrégats de la proie. La prédation des larves de 3ème et 4ème stade deF. auricularia s'exerce sur tous les stades préimaginaux deC. pyri. La colonisation au printemps de la strate arborée par les larves du 3 ème stade quittant le terrier maternel coîncide avec les pontes de 2ème génération de psylles, phase de multiplication la plus intense de ce ravageur. Les effectifs en vergers de ce prédateur polyphage et univoltin sont souvent élevés et peu dépendants de ceux de la proie. Compte tenu de sa capacité prédatrice sur le psylle, il paraît justifié de raisonner les interventions chimiques de manière à préserver ses populations en vergers de poiriers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Equilibrium constant ; enthalpy change ; entropy change ; heat capacity change ; flow calorimetry ; high temperature ; magnesium chloride ; calcium chloride ; hydrochloric acid ; ion association ; isocoulombic reaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The aqueous reactions, Mg2++Cl−=MgCl+, Ca2++Cl−=CaCl+, and H+ +Cl−=HCl(aq), were studied as a function of ionic strength at 250, 275, 300, and 325°C using a flow calorimetric technique. The logK, ΔH, ΔS and ΔCp values were determined from the fits of the calculated and experimental heast. The data were reduced assuming a known functionality of the activity coefficient. Hence, the logK, ΔH, ΔS and ΔCp values determined in this study are dependent on the activity coefficient model used. These thermodynamic values were compared with literature results. The logK values for the formation of MgCl+ agree reasonably well with those reported in the literature. The logK values for CaCl+ formation agree reasonably well with those reported in the literature at 300 and 325°C. At lower temperatures, the agreement is poorer. The logK values for the formation of HCl(aq) are generally lower than those reported in the literature. The logK, ΔH, ΔS and ΔCp values for all three ion association reactions are positive and increase with temperature over the temperature range studied. These values are the first determined calorimetrically for the formation of MgCl+ and CaCl+ in the temperature range 275–325°C.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Equilibrium constant ; enthalpy change ; entropy change ; heat capacity change ; flow calorimetry ; high temperature ; nitric acid ; ion association ; isocoulombic reaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The aqueous reaction, HNO3(aq)=H++NO 3 − was studied as a function of ionic strength I at 250, 275, 300 and 319°C using a flow calorimeter and the equilibrium constant K and enthalpy change (ΔH) at I=0 were determined. Using these experimental values, equations describing logK, ΔH, the entropy change ΔS and the heat capacity change ΔC p of reaction at I=0 and temperatures from 250 to 319°C were derived. The increasing importance of ion association as temperature rises was discussed. The use of an equation containing identical numbers of positive and identical numbers of negative charges on both sides of the equal sign (isocoulombic reaction principle) was applied to the logK values reported here and to those determined by others. The resulting plot of logK for the isocoulombic reaction vs. 1/T was fairly linear which supports the postulate that the principle is a useful technique for the extrapolation of logK values from low to high temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics 42 (1990), S. 387-401 
    ISSN: 1572-9052
    Keywords: Convergence theorems ; Broyden-like methods ; nonlinear equations ; nondifferentiable terms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, the author studies a Broyden-like method for solving nonlinear equations with nondifferentiable terms, which uses as updating matrices, approximations for Jacobian matrices of differentiable terms. Local and semilocal convergence theorems are proved. The results generalize those of Broyden, Dennis and Moré.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 66 (1993), S. 235-257 
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: 65J15
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary We present a (semilocal) Kantorovich-type analysis for Newton-like methods for singular operator equations using outer inverses. We establish sharp generalizations of the Kantorovich theory and the Mysovskii theory for operator equations when the derivative is not necessarily invertible. The results reduce in the case of an invertible derivative to well-known theorems of Kantorovich and Mysovskii with no additional assumptions, unlike earlier theorems which impose strong conditions. The strategy of the analysis is based on Banach-type lemmas and perturbation bounds for outer inverses which show that the set of outer inverses (to a given bounded linear operator) admits selections that behave like bounded linear inverses, in contrast to inner inverses or generalized inverses which do not depend continuously on perturbations of the operator. We give two examples to illustrate our results and compare them with earlier results, and another numerical example to relate our results to computational issues.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 32.80.Pj ; 42.50.Vk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper reports an experimental study on the collimation and decollimation of an atomic beam in a misaligned standing wave, in which the effective detuning caused by the Doppler effect is affected by the longitudinal velocity of the atomic beam. The experiment shows that in a strong field with red detuning between laser field and atomic transition frequency, laser heating in a normal standing wave becomes laser cooling in a misaligned standing wave for an approriate misalignment angle. For blue detuning, laser cooling in a standing wave can also become laser heating in a misaligned standing wave for an appropriate condition. These results ca be used in controling atomic motion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 13 (1991), S. 919-937 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Fluid surfaces and fluid-fluid interfaces ; Phase transitions and critical phenomena ; Solid-fluid interfaces
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary Surface melting is strongly influenced by the interaction between the solid-liquid interface and the liquid-vapour interface. Unretarded electromagnetic dispersion forces yield a potential of the formH/l 2, wherel is the distance between the interfaces (thickness of the quasi-liquid film) andH is the appropriate Hamaker constant. We have adopted the well-known treatment of dispersion forces of Lifshitzet al., where the frequency-dependent conductivities of solid and liquid are the primary quantities for the calculation of this Hamaker constant. Using the dielectric functions obtained from experimental data, numerical values forH are obtained for Al, Pb, Au, Bi and Ge. The Hamaker constant of the metals is found to be positive and is discussed in connection with recent experimental data on surface melting, particularly of Pb(110) and Al(110). The Hamaker constants of Bi (semimetal) and Ge (semiconductor) are negative, allowing at most blocked surface melting.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 74.60.Ge ; 74.70.Vy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Nonlinear I–V characteristics of YBa2Cu3O y epitaxial film at different temperatures in a magnetic field of up to 5T and angles between the direction of the field and the a–b plane of 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90° were measured. We find that there are the vortex glass phase and vortex liquid phase in the mixed state. The flux creep exists in the vortex glass phase, and it obviously appears in the area around the boundary between the vortex glass phase and the vortex liquid phase.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 53 (1991), S. 203-208 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.40 Kw ; 79.75 ; 71.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A feasibility study of using low energy positron reemission microscopy in an in-line holographic mode is carried out by means of computer simulations. The effects of substrate backscattering and statistical fluctuations (corresponding to 104 counts/pixel) are found not to be significant. Transverse and height resolutions of 1 and 14 nm, respectively, are determined in the hologram reconstructed images for a positron emission transverse coherence length of 20 nm. Future capabilities of positron reemission holography in high flux (1010 e+/s) facilities are discussed.
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