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Perfluorooctylbromide (PFOB) as a vitreous substitute in non-human primates (1993)

Conway, Mandi D. ; Peyman, Gholam A. ; Karaçorlu, Murat ; [et al.]

Springer

International ophthalmology 17 (1993), S. 259-264

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ISSN: 1573-2630

Keywords: perfluorocarbon liquids ; retinal toxicity ; vitreous substitutes

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Abstract We evaluated the toxicity of perfluorooctylbromide in the primate eye as a short-term postoperative vitreous substitute. Four eyes of 4 African green monkeys underwent complete vitrectomy and vitreous replacement with 1.5–2.0 ml of PFOB. One additional animal received BSS as a control vitreous substitute in one eye. Animals were examined twice weekly for clarity and consistency of the vitreous replacement substance. Anterior segment and lenses remained clear in all eyes, although in the immediate postoperative period one eye became inflamed and had a culture-negative vitritis. The other eyes showed a minimal anticipated postoperative vitreous inflammation. Emulsification of the PFOB began within 3 days of injection and progressed up to 3 weeks, precluding fundus examination and fluorescein angiography after 2 weeks. Eyes were enucleated and light microscopy performed at 2 days, 10 days, 33 days, and 45 days. No toxic effects to the retinal cells were detectable by histological examination, but perivasculitis of retinal vessels was noted at 45 days. Indirect examination was normal up to 10 days; thereafter, the fundus view was obscured by the emulsified PFOB. Because of cellular migration into the vitreous cavity and retinal perivasculitis, observed histologically, PFOB seems most suitable for intraoperative rather than postoperative use.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01007793

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Estimation of thermodynamic stability and charge distribution for unknown molecules: Nitro derivatives of cubane (1991)

Reed, Lynne H. ; Jayasuria, Keerthi ; Koovakkat, Sunil K. ; [et al.]

Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 4 (1991), S. 714-720

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ISSN: 0894-3230

Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics

Notes: Three useful procedures for estimating the thermodynamic stability and charge distribution of moderately complex unknown species are illustrated by the successive nitration of cubane. (1) Five different, but interrelated, energy criteria are employed, which leads to mutually supportive conclusions that overcome deficiencies in any one of the single measures. (2) Mulliken charge and overlap populations can lead to correct bond strength trends if appropriate averaging over bond types is carried out. (3) Lewis - Langmuir atomic charges, an interpolation between the formal charges of Lewis dot structures and oxidation numbers which does not require use of computers, provides atomic charges similar to those from ab initio, wavefunctions. The simplicity of this scheme aids in identifying the chemical and topological origin of molecular charge distributions. Ab initio, calculations for the strain energies and heats of reaction for four different reaction sequences are reported, together with Mulliken atomic charges and overlap populations for the nitrocubanes. Trends in these measures suggest that hexa- and octa-nitrocubane are thermodynamically stable species.

Additional Material: 9 Ill.