Notes: The origin, length, cross-sectional area, the fascicular number, their area and arrangement, total myelinated fibre count, and diameter-spectra of the optic nerve were investigated in the Indian buffalo. The majority of the optic nerve fibres are myelinated fibres arranged in fascicles. The peripheral portion of the nerve has a significantly greater number of myelinated nerve fibres. The right and left optic nerves do not differ significantly in their length, cross-sectional area and the number of myelinated fibres. The number, area and arrangement of the nerve fascicles varies (the peripheral portion contains a greater percentage of small-sized ones). The total interfascicular area is significantly greater than the fascicular area. The external diameter of the myelinated fibres ranges from 1 to 12 microns. Histograms reveal an unimodal distribution of these fibres with a peak at 2 microns. Thinner fibres predominate in the peripheral portion.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Zusammenfassung Anatomische Untersuchung des N. opticus des indischen Biiffels (Bubalis bubalis)Ursprung, Länge, Querschnittszone, Bündelanzahl nach Lage und Anordnung, Gesamtzahl der myelinhaltigen Fasern und Durchmesserspektrum des N. opticus wurden beim indischen Büffel untersucht. Die Mehrzahl der Nervenfasern sind myelinhaltige, faczikulär angeordnete Fasern. Der periphere Abschnitt des Nerven besitzt eine bedeutend grofiere Anzahl myelinhaltiger Nervenfasern. Rechter und linker Nerv unterscheiden sich in ihrer Länge, Querschnittszone und Anzahl der myelinhaltigen Fasern nicht bemerkenswert. Zahl, Lage und Anordnung der Nervenbündel variieren (der periphere Abschnitt enthält einen größeren Prozentsatz dünner Bündel). Das gesamte interfaszikuläre Gebiet ist bedeutend größer als das faszikulare. Der außendurch-messer der myelinhaltigen Fasern reicht von 1 bis 12 Mikra. Histogramme enthüllen eine gleichmäßige Verteilung dieser Fasern mit einem Gipfel bei 2 Mikra. Im peripheren Abschnitt herrschen dünnere Fasern vor.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉RésuméRecherches anatomiques sur le nerf optique (N. opticus) chez le Buffle indien (Bubalis bubalis)Les recherches ont porté sur ľ origine, la longueur, la surface de section, le nombre de fascicules, leur étendue et leur disposition, la numération totale des fibres myélinisées et leur spectre de diamètres dans le nerf optique de Buffle indien. La majorite des fibres de ce nerf sont myélinisées et groupees en faisceaux. La partie peripherique du nerf possede de façon significative un nombre plus élevé de fibres myélinisées. Le nerf droit et le nerf gauche ne different pas de façon significative en ce qui concerne leur longueur, leur surface de section et le nombre de fibres myélinisées. Le nombre, le calibre et la disposition des faisceaux nerveux sont variables (la partie peripherique contient un pourcentage plus élevé de fibres minces). La surface totale des parties interfasciculaires est de façon significative plus grande que la surface fasciculaire. Le diametre exterieur de fibres myélinisées s étend de 1 à 12 microns. Les histogrammes révèlent une disposition unimodale de ces fibres avec un pic a 2 microns. Les fibres les plus minces predominent a la partie périphérique.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉ResumenInvestigaciones anatomicas en el nervio optico del búfalo índico (Bubalis bubalis)Se investigaron en el nervio óptico del bufalo indico el origen, la longitud, las zonas de cortes transversales, el número de fasciculos segun su situación y distribución, el número y los diferentes diametros de las fibras mielinicas. La mayoria de las fibras nerviosas son mileínicas, distribuidas en fasciculos, que se encuentran especialmente en la regién periférica del nervio. No hay diferencias notables entre el lado derecho e izquierdo con respecto a su longitud, las zonas de cortes transversales y el número de fibras mileínicas. Número, situación y distribución de los fasciculos nerviosos son variables (conteniendo la porción periférica un porcentaje mayor de fasciculos delga-dos). El territorio interfascicular en su totalidad es mucho mas grande que el fascicular. El diametre externo de las fibras mielinicas varia entre 1 y 12 micra. Histogramas revelan una distribucion equitativa de estas fibras con prevalencia de las de 2 micra. En la periferia predominan fibras mas delgadas.

Notes: The anatomy of the spinal cord segments was studied and recorded for the impala. The root attachment lengths were greatest at C3, T10 and L3 cord segment levels in the respective regions. As to the root emergence length the greatest lengths were observed at C7, T]0〉 L5 and S1 cord segment levels respectively. The interroot interval was longest at C2, T8 and L1 segments respectively. The longest cord segments were C2, T13, L2 and S2 segments. The widest cord segments of their respective regions were C7, T1, L5 and S1 cord segments. As to segment volume C3, T13, L2 and S1 were the most voluminous cord segments in the respective cord regions.Statistical analysis revealed a high correlation among all of the study parameters suggesting a high degree of multicolinearity.Gross anatomical relationships concerning the location of the spinal cord segments with respect to the vertebrae were studied. The cord segments C], Ts–T4 and Li–L3 were within their vertebral limits. In the impala the spinal cord terminated at the midlevel of S4 vertebra.

Notes: This is a study of the origin, formation, course, distribution, the fascicular number, their area and arrangement, total fibre count, density and diameterspectra of the accessory nerve in the Indian buffalo.The radices spinales are located from the level of C1 to midlevel of C6cord segments. The radices craniales arise in series from the medulla oblongata caudal to those of the vagus nerve. The accessory nerve contains 7931 myelinated fibres arranged in 31 fascicles. Of these 41 % have an external diameter of 10–12 μm. The greatest density of fibres viz. 1781/mm2 is obtained in the anastomosing ramus from the second cervical spinal nerve. The least value (377/mm2) is found in its ventral ramus. However, the dorsal ramus appears to have a larger cross-sectional area.

Notes: Summary The low level of triiodothyronine (T3) in nonthyroidal illnesses (NTI) has been attributed to the decreased peripheral conversion of thyroxine (T4) to T3; patient's serum lipids decreased the conversion in a cell-free system. The objective of our study was to determine whether patients' serum lipids, whose content was elevated 2.5-fold above the reference serum value, and oleic acid affected the uptake of T4 and its conversion to T3 by rat hepatocytes in culture, thereby providing information on the cell's response to these processes. Serum ether extracts and oleic acid (0.1 μmol/l) were incubated with cells followed by assessment of T4 uptake and conversion of T4 to T3. The mean T4 uptake in the presence of ether extracts of NTI patients' or normals' sera were similar (112±15% and 110±24%, respectively). There was no difference in the T4 to T3 conversion between the patient and normal groups (90 ±14%); oleic acid also did not influence the conversion (96.7 ± 1.6%). Uptake and conversion in the absence of either extracts and oleic acid were controls. These results suggest that serum lipids from NTI patients and normal subjects exercise qualitatively and quantitatively almost similar influences on T4 uptake and its conversion to T3; oleic acid is not an inhibitor of T4 uptake and T4 to T3 conversion in the rat hepatocyte. Since hepatocytes actively process fatty acids, their influence on intracellular conversion of T4 is not equitable with T4 conversion using the cell-free system. Our results do not support the hypothesis that abnormal lipid metabolism in NTI impairs hepatic T4 to T3 conversion.

Notes: Summary After administration of benzene, gasoline, IOMEX or petroleum ether, liver alkaline phosphatase showed over 200% increase in activity whereas kidney alkaline phosphatase activity was depressed by 50%. The pattern of separation of isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase in liver, kidney and serum indicated involvement of one of the isoenzymes. A simple method of detecting the incipent toxicity is described.

Notes: Abstract Hematological changes and concurrent enzymatic activities in various tissues were determined in rats injected parentally with Iomex, a petroleum derivate and proposed weedicide. Among the hematological parameters studied only the differential leucocytic count showed significant alterations. This was indicated by a significant decrease in the number of lymphocytes and an increase in those of neutrophils. Significant differences were not observed in the levels of acid phosphatase, glutamic oxaloacetic, and glutamic pyruvate transaminase activities in brain and liver of the experimental group of animals.

Notes: Abstract An accumulation of low molecular weight (LMW) bleomycin detectable iron in the bone marrow was observed after administration of benzene (IP 0.5 ml/kg, daily) for 5 and 10 days in female albino rats. However, this LMW iron was not detectable in the bone marrow of rats from the control group. Studies of bone marrow fractionation showed that the maximum accumulation of this LMW iron was in the mitochondrial fraction. An increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase and lipid peroxidation was also noticed in the benzene exposed groups.