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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energy production by microbial photosynthesis (1977)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 268 (1977), S. 19-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The large amounts of microalgae produced in waste treatment ponds during sewage purification are a potential source of methane and fertiliser. If techniques can be developed for the selective cultivation of filamentous or colonial microalgae, harvesting of microalgal biomass could be accomplished ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/268019a0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cultivation of algae and nutrient removal in a waste heat utilization process (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 3 (1991), S. 159-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Keywords: algae ; microalgae ; waste heat ; algal cultivation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A process providing a beneficial use for waste heat and excess nutrients in the cooling waters of nuclear reactors and fossil-fueled power generating plants has been developed. The process involves the cultivation of selected strains of thermotolerant microalgae in heated discharge waters and the subsequent harvesting of the algal biomass for nutrient removal, recovery of energy and fertilizer, and extraction of high value products. The design of such a process is presented for a large cooling reservoir receiving a discharge of 1091−1 d−1 of secondary cooling water containing 100 μg 1−1 of available P and 400 μg 1−1 of available N. Based on this nutrient load, with a 1% P content in the algal biomass and a productivity of 10 g m−2 d −1, a 100 ha region would be needed for the process. Hydraulic barriers (submerged plastic curtains) would isolate the 100 ha algal production area “cultivation zone” in the influent end of the reservoir to create a hydraulic and thermal environment conductive to the selective growth of filamentous, thermotolerant, nitrogen-fixing, blue-green algae. The algal culture would be inoculated into the thermal plume and harvested near the distal barrier of the cultivation zone with rotating, backwashed, fine mesh screens (“microstrainers”). A portion of the harvested biomass would be recycled to the inoculation site to maintain a dense culture. This process could mitigate both thermal and nutrient loadings on receiving bodies of water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00003698
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exposure of Fischerella [Mastigocladus] to high and low temperature extremes: strain evaluation for a thermal mitigation process (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 4 (1992), S. 67-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Keywords: Fischerella ; Mastigocladus ; thermophilic cyanobacteria ; temperature tolerance ; thermal mitigation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In conjunction with a proposed algal cultivation scheme utilizing thermal effluent, twelve Fischerella strains were tested for tolerance to temperatures above and below their growth range. Exposure to 65 °C or 70 °C for 30 min caused bleaching and death of most or all cells. Effects of 60 °C exposure for periods of up to 2 h ranged from undetectable to severe for the various strains. Chlorophyll a content typically decreased 21–22% immediately following 60 °C or 65 °C (1 h) exposure. However, the 60 °C-shocked cultures regained normal Chl a content after 24 h at 45 °C, whereas Chl a in 65 °C-shocked cultures immediately lost visible autofluorescence and was later degraded. Exposure to 15 °C virtually stopped growth of all strains during a 48 h exposure period. Most strains grew as rapidly as 45 °C controls when restored to 45 °C, while a few strains recovered more slowly. Comparison with dark-incubated controls indicated that photooxidative damage did not occur during cold shock. Certain strains exhibited relatively rapid recovery from both heat and cold exposure, thus meeting the temperature tolerance criteria for the proposed algal cultivation process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00003962
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microalgae aquaculture feeds (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 4 (1992), S. 233-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Keywords: fatty acids ; Haematococcus ; Spirulina ; Isochrysis ; Tetraselmis ; aquaculture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Microalgae feeds are currently used in relatively small amounts in aquaculture, mainly for the production of larvae and juvenile shell- and finfish, as well as for raising the zooplankton required for feeding of juvenile animals. The blue-green algaSpirulina is used in substantial amounts (over 100 t y−1) as a fish and shrimp feed, and even larger markets can be projected if production costs could be reduced. Another potential large-scale application of microalgae is the cultivation ofHaematococcus for the production of the carotenoid astaxanthin, which gives salmon flesh its reddish color. In the long-term microalgae biomass high in lipids (omega-3 fatty acids) may be developed as substitutes for fish oil-based aquaculture feeds. In shrimp ponds the indigenous algal blooms supply a part of the dietary requirements of the animals, but it is difficult to maximize algal productivities. A separate algal production system could feed the shrimps and minimize the need for added feed. Bivalves feed essentially exclusively on marine microalgae throughout their life cycle. The development of cultivation technologies for such microalgae would allow the onshore production of these animals, with greatly improved product quality and safety.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02161209
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biomass recycling and species competition in continuous cultures (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 21 (1979), S. 627-648 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A chemostat with cell feedback is analyzed for three kinds of limiting nutrient: a substrate dissolved in the inflow, a gas bubbled directly into the reactor, and light. The effects of recycle are distinct in each case, because the relationships between hydraulic detention time and nutrient inflow are different for each type of nutrient, Effluent recycle, in which the recycle stream is more dilute than the reactor, is discussed in terms of cell detention time and nutrient limitation. Results from chemostat cultures of the blue-green alga, Spirulina geitleri, demonsrtat cell feedback under light limitation. Maximum Productivity is fixed by the incident light intensity. At a particular dilution rate recycling increases or decreases productivity by taking cell density closer or further from the optimum density. Cell recycle with heterogeneous populations can change the outcome of species competition. Selective recycling of one species can reverse this outcome or stabilize coexistence by its selective effect on cell detention time. Experimental results from light-limited mixed cultures of S. geitleri and a Chlorella sp. verify this.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260210408
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of nitrogen supply on hydrogen production by cultures of anabaena cylindrica (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 21 (1979), S. 1855-1860 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260211012
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