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  • 1990-1994  (1,049)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    San Diego :Elsevier Science & Technology,
    Keywords: Semiconductors. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (711 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9780080864396
    Series Statement: Issn Series
    Language: English
    Note: Front Cover -- Oxygen in Silicon: Semiconductors and Semimetals -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Introduction to Oxygen in Silicon -- Chapter 2. The Incorporation of Oxygen into Silicon Crystals -- I . Introduction -- II. Silicon Crystal Growth -- III. Characteristics of Czochralski Silicon Growth -- IV. Oxygen Incorporation and Segregation in Czochralski Silicon Growth -- V. Controlled Oxygen Silicon Growth -- VI. Summary -- References -- Chapter 3. Characterization Techniques for Oxygen in Silicon -- I. Introduction -- II. Physical Techniques -- Ill. Chemical Techniques -- IV. Electrical Techniques -- V. Summary -- References -- Chapter 4. Oxygen Concentration Measurement -- I. Introduction -- II. Infrared Absorption Measurements Under Ideal Conditions -- III. Infrared Spectrometers -- IV. Analysis of Oxygen Spectra -- V. Absolute Determinations and Calibration Factors -- VI. Standards and Reference Materials -- VII. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 5. Intrinsic Point Defects in Silicon -- I. Introduction -- II. Swirl Defect Manifestation of Intrinsic Point Defects -- III. Thermal Defects in Silicon -- IV. Self-Diffusion -- V. Coexistence of Vacancies and Self-Interstitials in Silicon -- VI. Interstitial Configuration and Charge-Enhanced Migration -- VII. Formation and Migration Parameters of Point Defects -- VIII. Defect Energetics and Pathways from Theoretical Calculations -- IX. Summary -- References -- Chapter 6. Some Atomic Configurations of Oxygen -- I. Introduction -- II. Spectroscopy of Localized Modes in Semiconductors -- III. Interstitial Oxygen -- IV. Quasi-Substitutional Oxygen -- V. Comparison with Other Light Element Impurities -- VI. Oxygen in Other Semiconductors -- VII. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References. , Chapter 7. Electrical Properties of Oxygen in Silicon -- I. Introduction -- II. Thermal Donors -- III. New Donors -- References -- Chapter 8. Diffusion of Oxygen in Silicon -- I. Introduction -- II. Direct Measurements of Normal Oxygen Diffusion -- III. Indirect Measurements of Normal Oxygen Diffusion -- IV. Enhanced Oxygen Diffusion Not Involving Hydrogen -- V. Silicon Containing Hydrogen Impurities -- VI. Theoretical Modeling of Oxygen Diffusion -- VII. Constraints on Models of Thermal Donor Centers -- VIII. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 9. Mechanisms of Oxygen Precipitation: Some Quantitative Aspects -- I. Introduction -- II. Volume Shortage Associated with Oxygen Precipitation -- III. Precipitate Nucleation -- IV. Precipitate Growth -- V. The Effect of Carbon -- VI. Defect Generation -- VII. Summary: The Free Energy and Flux Balance Treatment of the Oxygen Precipitation Problem -- References -- Chapter 10. Simulation of Oxygen Precipitation -- I. Introduction -- II. Model Types -- III. Models and Experimental Results -- V. On the Interactions of Oxygen with Other Defects -- VI. Summary -- References -- Chapter 11. Oxygen Effect on Mechanical Properties -- I. Introduction -- II. Plastic Deformation and Dislocations in Silicon Crystals -- III. Influence of Dispersed Oxygen Atoms on the Mobility of Dislocations in Silicon -- IV. Immobilization of Dislocations by Oxygen -- V. Effect of Oxygen on Dislocation Generation -- VI. Mechanical Properties of Silicon as Influenced by Oxygen Impurities -- VII. Influence of Oxygen Precipitation on Mechanical Strength -- VIII. Effects of Nitrogen and Carbon Impurities on Mechanical Properties of Silicon -- IX. Summary -- References -- Chapter 12. Grown-in and Process-Induced Effects -- I. Introduction -- II. Oxygen Precipitation During High-Temperature Processes. , III. Grown-in Defects: Precipitation and Intrinsic Defect Aggregation During Crystal Growth -- IV. Summary -- References -- Chapter 13. Intrinsic/Internal Gettering -- I. lntroduction -- II. Surface and Interior Microdefects -- III. Gettering -- IV. Oxygen Behavior in Silicon -- V. Internal Gettering Process and Mechanism -- VI. Summary -- References -- Chapter 14. Oxygen Effect on Electronic Device Performance -- I. Introduction -- II . Device Characteristics and Crystal Defects -- III. Defect Generation -- IV. Improvement of Device Yield -- V. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Index -- Contents of Volumes in this Series.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    San Diego :Elsevier Science & Technology,
    Keywords: Semiconductors. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (409 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9780080864327
    Series Statement: Issn Series
    Language: English
    Note: Front Cover -- Semiconductors and Semimetals, Volume 35 -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- References -- Chapter 2. Quantum Point Contacts -- I. Introduction -- II. Split-Gate Quantum Point Contacts -- III. Ballistic Quantum Transport -- IV. AdiabaticTransport in theQuantum Hall Effect Regime -- V. Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3. When Does a Wire Become an Electron Waveguide? -- I. Introduction -- II. Two-Terminal Resistance of an Electron Waveguide -- III. Three-Terminal Resistance -- IV. Four-Terminal Resistance -- V. Summary and Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4. The Quantum Hall Effect in Open Conductors -- I. Introduction -- II. Basic Elements of Electrical Conduction -- III. Quantization and Interference in the Absence of a Field . -- IV. Motion in High Magnetic Fields: The Two-Terminal Resistance -- V. The Quantum Hall Effect in Open Conductors -- VI. Resonant Departures from the Hall Resistance -- VII. Discussion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 5. Electrons in Laterally Periodic Nanostructures -- I. Introduction -- II. Realization of Laterally Periodic Nanostructures -- III. Transport in Periodic Nanostructures -- IV. Far-Infrared Spectroscopy of Electronic Excitations -- V. Conclusions and Perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Index -- Contents of Volumes in This Series.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    San Diego :Elsevier Science & Technology,
    Keywords: Semiconductors--Optical properties. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (461 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9780080864334
    Series Statement: Issn Series
    Language: English
    Note: Front Cover -- The Spectroscopy of Semiconductors -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Laser Spectroscopy of Semiconductors at Low Temperatures and High Magnetic Fields -- I. Introduction -- II. Experimental Techniques -- III. GaAs Quantum Well Structures -- IV. Magnetic Semiconductors -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 2. Transient Spectroscopy by Ultrashort Laser Pulse Techniques -- I. Introduction -- II. Instrumentation for Time-Resolved Spectroscopy -- III. Time-Resolved Spectroscopy in Semiconductors: Approaches -- IV. Portfolio of Experimental Examples in Time-Resolved Spectroscopy -- V. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 3. Piezospectroscopy of Semiconductors -- I. Introduction -- II. Elasticity, Symmetry, Latent Anisotropy, and Deformation Potentials. -- III. Experimental Techniques -- IV. Valence and Conduction Bands of Elemental and Compound Semiconductors under External Stress -- V. Interband Transitions and Associated Excitons -- VI. Lyman Spectra of Shallow Donors and Acceptors -- VII. Zone-Center Optical Phonons -- VIII. Optical Phonons and Electronic States -- IX. Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4. Photoreflectance Spectroscopy of Microstructures -- I. Introduction -- II. Microstructures -- III. Modulation Spectroscopy -- IV. Experimental Details -- V. Experimental Spectra -- VI. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5. One-and Two-Photon Magneto-Optical Spectroscopy of InSb and Hg1-xCdxTe -- I. Introduction -- II. Experimental Methods -- III. One-Photon Magnetospectroscopy -- IV. Two-Photon Absorption (TPA) and Two-Photon Magnetoabsorption (TPMA) Spectroscopy -- References -- Index -- Contents of Previous Volumes.
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    San Diego :Elsevier Science & Technology,
    Keywords: Epitaxy. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (457 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9780080864372
    Series Statement: Issn Series
    Language: English
    Note: Front Cover -- Epitaxial Microstructures -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Delta-Doping of Semiconductors: Electronic, Optical, and Structural Properties of Materials and Devices -- I. Introduction -- II. Crystal Growth of δ Doped Semiconductors -- III. Electronic Structure -- II. Spatial Distribution of Dopants in δ-Doped Semiconductors -- V. Electronic Properties of δ Doped Semiconductors -- VI. Field-Effect Transistors -- VII. Properties of δ Doped Doping Superlattices -- VIII. Optoelectronic Devices -- IX. Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 2. Wide Graded Potential Wells -- I. Introduction -- II. Epitaxial Growth of Graded Wells -- III. Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of Undoped Wells -- IV. Modulation-Doped Wide Parabolic Wells -- V. Electron Transport -- VI. Electron Excitations -- VII. Superlattices in Parabolic Wells -- VIII. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3. Direct Growth of Nanometer-Size Quantum Wire Superlattices -- Abstract -- Introduction -- I. Growth Kinetics and Interfaces in Conventional Superlattices and Quantum Wells -- II. The Growth of Lateral Superlattices -- III. The Serpentine Superlattice Growth -- IV. Remaining Issues in the Epitaxy of Lateral Superlattice Type Structures: Segregation and Size Uniformity -- V. Optical Properties of Lateral Superlattice Based Structures -- VI. Other Lateral Superlattice Based Structures -- VII. Another Direct Growth Method of Quantum Wire Structures -- VIII. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4. Lateral Patterning of Quantum Well Heterostructures by Growth of Nonplanar Substrates -- I. Introduction -- II. Lateral Patterning Mechanisms -- III. Lateral Patterning by MBE on Nonplanar Substrates -- IV. Lateral Patterning by OMCVD on Nonplanar Substrates. , V. Device Applications -- VI. Conclusions and Future Directions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 5. Optical Properties of Ga1-xInxAs/InP Quantum Wells -- I. lntroduction -- II. Computation of Energy Levels in Quantum Wells -- III. Optical Properties of Quantum Wells and Superlattices -- IV. Dynamic Effects -- V. Quantum Wires and Boxes -- VI. Electric Field Effects -- VII. Strained Layer Superlattices -- VIII. Thermal Stability and Impurity Induced Disordering -- IX. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Index -- Contents of Volumes in this Series.
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin, Heidelberg :Springer Berlin / Heidelberg,
    Keywords: Lactic acid-Metabolism-Congresses. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (266 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783642675256
    DDC: 507.11
    Language: English
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen : Fachinformationszentrum Energie, Physik, Mathematik
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht ; Elektrofilter ; Gasreinigung
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 93 S. , graph. Darst. , Digitalisierungsvorlage: Primärausg.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Hannover Technische Informationsbibliothek u. Universitätsbibliothek 2006 Online-Ressource (94 S., 4,69 MB)
    Series Statement: Forschungsbericht / Bundesministerium für Forschung und Technologie 83,201
    Language: German
    Note: Förderkennzeichen BMFT 03E1101A , Mit engl. Zsfassung , Literaturverz. S. 88 - 90 , Unterschiede zwischen dem gedruckten Dokument und der elektronischen Ressource können nicht ausgeschlossen werden , TIB Hannover , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat reader.
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    New York, NY :Springer,
    Keywords: Air quality management. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (341 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9781475791310
    Series Statement: Nato Challenges of Modern Society Series ; v.2
    DDC: 363.7/392
    Language: English
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  • 8
    Keywords: Physics ; Quantum physics ; Quantum computers ; Spintronics ; Physics ; Quantum theory ; Quantum computing ; Physics ; Quantum Computing, Information and Physics ; Quantum Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The use and ultimate validity of invariance principles -- Cohomology and contraction: The “non-relativistic” limit revisited -- Linearization - A unified approach -- Weyl kinematical groups of electromagnetic and energy-momentum tensors -- From spinors to probability amplitudes of external and internal variables for spinning particles -- A characterizatton of factor systems of locally-operating representations -- Recent developments on shift operators -- Unitary and non-unitary, multiplicity free irreducible representations of SL (3,R) -- The symmetry group of a differential equation -- Group contractions and the E(2)-like little group for massless particles as an infinite-momentum/zero-mass limit of the 0(3)-like little group for massive particles -- Representation approach to lattices of subgroups of space groups -- Young tableaux for the Lie superalgebra OSP(M/N) -- The associated Lie Algebra of $$\ddot x$$ + f2 $$\dot x$$ + f1x = f0 -- Three-dimensional commutative diagram of group homomorphisms -- Indecomposable representations of Verma type -- Some recent results on the SU(3)? SO(3) state labelling problem -- Irreducible projective representations of the generalized symmetric groups B n m -- Indecomposable representations of some graded Lie Algebras -- Stephen Paneitz: A brief appreciation -- Indecomposable representations of the Poincare group and associated fields -- SL(n,R)/SO(n) unirreps and group decontraction -- Hysteresis & universal bifurcation in natural processes -- Irreducible representations of the basic classical Lie superalgebras SU(m/n) ; SU(n/n)/U(1) ; OSp(m/2n) ; D(2/1 ; ? ) ; G(3) ; F(4). -- Group representations in indefinite metric spaces -- Tensor operator realisations of the classical Lie Algebras and non-trivial zeros of the 6j-symbol -- Yang - Baxter algebras of dynamical charges in the chiral gross - Neveu model -- Subgroups of Lie groups and symmetry reduction for nonlinear partial differential equations -- Spinorial description of Lie superalgebras -- Noetherian symmetries, backlund transformation and conservation laws for a completely integrable three dimensional system -- Einstein equations without killing vectors, self-dual Yang-Mills field and non-linear sigma models (integrability properties, links, new solutions) -- Jet bundle technique, Lie Bäcklund vector fields and diffusion equations -- A group-theoretic treatment of Gaussian optics and third-order aberrations -- Study of Michel's conjecture -- Conformally invariant solutions of Yang-Mills equations in Minkowski space -- Two body relativistic scattering with an 0(1,1) symmetric sqaure well potential -- Emergence of central extension of Kac-Moody algebra in quantum integrable models -- Cohomological interpretation of anomalies the example of the trace anomaly -- On pure, conformal and exotic spinors -- Pohlmeyer-type transformations in general relativity -- On group covariance and the law of motion in a generalized metric theory -- Minimalization of Higgs potentials with application to the SU(5) model -- Self-dual monopoles and calorons -- U(1) Invariant hierarchy theories in d-dimension antisymmetric gauge tensor fields -- Generalized connection forms with linearized curvature -- Dynamical symmetry breaking in S4 De Sitter space -- Applications of conformal invariance to gauge Quantum Field Theory -- On the necessity of breaking colour SUC(3) symmetry -- Massive vector superfields with SU(2) internal symmetry -- Supergravity in eleven-dimensional space-time -- Dimensional reduction of exceptional gauge groups and flavor chirality -- Seven - Spheres from octonions -- A solution of Bianchi identities for extended supergravities -- N=2 unconstrained superfield supergravity from hypermultiplet -- Euclidean supersymmetries in three and four dimensions -- Gauge theories in higher dimensions: Linear relations for gauge fields, integrability conditions, spherical symmetry in eight dimensions -- Quantum vortices and diff (?3) -- The time dependent Sp(2,?) model for the breathing mode -- The quark structure of nuclei from a group theoretical viewpoint -- Group theoretic approach to spherical anharmonic oscillator -- Operator averages and orthogonalities -- Advances in the theory of collective motion in nuclei -- Quantum effects in classical phase space: Symplectic structures associated to the scattering of nuclear fragments -- Gamow states in momentum representation -- Geometry of nuclear collective motions -- Is it possible to separate the kinetic energy and the velocity field into a collective and an intrinsic part W.R.T. the GL+(3,)R) collectivity? -- Computer generated Clebsch-Gordan (C-G) coefficients for space groups -- Automorphism symmetries of space group representations -- Lattices of symmetric groups S5 and S6 and exomorphism of group-subgroup relations up to index 6 -- A direct-expansion method for tensor properties of crystals -- Isotropy groups of space groups - A simple method for their determination -- Landau's theory of crystalline phase transitions in a superspace formulation -- Symmetry breaking in solid state and particle physics -- Counterexamples to the maximality conjecture of Landau-Higgs models -- Some mathematical problems in renormalization group theory -- On the Racah algebra for Shubnikov magnetic groups -- On periodic and non-periodic space fillings of Em obtained by projection -- Invariants for physically irreducible representations of space groups -- On symmetry aspects of phase transitions with coupled parameters -- Quasisymmetry (P-symmetry) in crystals -- Braid groups and Euclidean Lie algebras in statistical mechanics of spin systems -- Phase coexistence in many-fermion systems -- Mean field renormalization group approach to lattice models -- Linear-antilinear representations of magnetic line groups -- Anderson transition and nonlinear ?-model -- Do energy bands in solids have an identity -- Coupling coefficients for the space group of the hexagonal close-packed structure -- Harmonic analysis on phase space and Born's metric for space time -- Generalized Chebyshev polynomials and characters of GL(N,C) and SL(N,C) (fragments of results) -- Tensor operators as an extension of the universal enveloping algebra -- A group-theoretical criterion for an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen state -- Group theory algebras and bosonization -- SO(3) commutators for angular momentum and rotation observables -- Integrals of motion of nonstationary quantum systems -- Geometric properties of the lowest energy state for a polynomial Hamiltonian -- Groupes différentiels et physique mathématique -- Gauge invariance and canonical transformations in Dirac generalized mechanics
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXVII, 521 p. 7 illus)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Physics and Astronomy
    ISBN: 9783540388593 , 9783540133353
    Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Physics 201
    Language: English
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  • 9
    Keywords: Computer science ; Management information systems ; Software engineering ; Computer Science ; Konferenzschrift 1991 ; Softwareproduktionsumgebung ; CASE
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    ISBN: 9783540474852
    Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Computer Science 509
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    Language: English
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Keywords: Computer science ; Logic design ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Computer Science ; Deva
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    ISBN: 9783540480679
    Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Computer Science 738
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    Language: English
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