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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural localization of glycosaminoglycans in human gingival connective tissue using Cupromeronic blue (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of periodontal research 30 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Human gingiva was stained with cupromeronic blue according to Scott's critical electrolyte concentration technique in order to localize glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in the electron microscope. Identification was performed by digestion with chondroitinase AC, ABC and heparinase. The GAG were localized in three compartments of the connective tissue: the supra-alveolar fiber apparatus, the loose connective tissue and the basement membranes. In the supra-alveolar fiber apparatus, consisting mainly of densely packed parallel collagen fibrils, dermatan sulfate GAG are regularly attached to the d-band of the collagen fibrils. The precipitates (6–7 nm in diamter) aggregate to thicker precipitates (up to 16 nm), thus possibly providing stability to the fiber system. In the loose connective tissue with sparse collagen fibrils dermatan and chondroitin sulfate GAG form very large precipitates (up to 30 nm in diameter and 400 nm length) which interconnect the few collagen fibrils. The basement membranes of the epithelium and capillary endothelium contain heparan sulfate GAG as fine precipitates (4–6 nm in diameter) which form a meshwork. These findings are consistent with the Scott model (1) for the interactions among glycans and glycans and collagen fibrils in connective tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1995.tb01259.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyvinylpyrrolidon- Ablagerungen in der Pleura (1999)
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 20 (1999), S. 340-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Polyvinylpyrrolidon ; PVP ; Pleura ; Key words Polyvinylpyrrolidone ; PVP ; Pleura
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary We report on the case of a 45-years old woman with repeated pleural effusions lasting for 2 years. She had a history of breast carcinoma 6 years ago, which was treated by breast amputation and radiation. After repeated histological and cytological examinations no tumorous compromise of the pleura or other cause for the effussions could be found. A pleural resection was performed. On the histological and electron microscopical examination deposits of a foreign substance were found, which was identified as polyvinylpyrrolidone. This substance was obviously introduced in the pleural cavity by the attempts to treat the effussions by pleurodesis with Diclofenac® and Tetracyclin (Vibravenös®). The diagnosis is suggested by the histological findings, but it must be confirmed by anamnesis, also for PVP deposits in other organs.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei einer 45jährigen Frau, bei der 6 Jahre vorher wegen eines rechtsseitigen Mammakarzinoms eine Mammaamputation und eine Röntgennachbestrahlung vorgenommen worden waren, bestand seit 2 Jahren ein ständig rezidivierender rechtsseitiger Pleuraerguß, ohne daß bei wiederholten zytologischen und histologischen Untersuchungen Tumorzellen nachgewiesen wurden. Somit blieb die Ätiologie unklar. Es wurde eine Pleurektomie durchgeführt. Histologisch und elektronenmikroskopisch fanden sich in der Pleura Ablagerungen eines Fremdmaterials, das als Polyvinylpyrrolidon (PVP) identifiziert wurde. Die Substanz war offenbar bei Pleurodeseversuchen mit Diclofenac® bzw. Tetracyclin (Vibravenös®), die wegen des rezidivierenden Ergusses vorgenommen worden waren, in die Pleura gelangt. Richtungsweisend für die Diagnose ist der histologische Befund. Sie muß aber durch die Anamnese bestätigt werden, was für PVP-Ablagerungen in allen Organen gleichermaßen gilt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002920050368
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A histochemical study of the distribution of lectin binding sites in the developing oocytes of the lancelet Branchiostoma belcheri (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 427-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Oogenesis ; Oocytes ; Carbohydrates ; Lectins ; Histochemistry ; Branchiostoma belcheri (Acrania)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The distribution of carbohydrate moieties in lancelet (Branchiostoma belcheri) oocytes has been studied at different stages of development, using a peroxidase-labeled lectin incubation technique, the PAS-reaction and Alcian Blue staining. Binding sites of 5 lectins, indicating the presence of different sugar moieties (Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) for N-acetylglucosamine, Concanavalin A (Con A) for glucose/mannose, Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) for N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA-I) for galactose and Ulex europaeus agglutinin (UEA-I) for fucose), were identified and were shown to undergo considerable variation during oocyte development. In the previtellogenic stage, HPA, RCA-I and UEA-I were not identified on the oocyte surface, but WGA and Con A gave strongly positive reactions at this site. In the cytoplasm, 4 lectins (Con A, HPA, RCA-I and UEA-I) gave a weak or moderate reaction, and Con A was also observed in the perinuclear region. In vitellogenic oocytes, these 4 lectins were found to also bind to the nuclear envelope, karyoplasm and nucleolus, and, with the exception of Con A, could also be found in the nuclei of more mature stages. The cytoplasmic yolk granules and Golgi vesicles of the vitellogenic oocyte, were moderately positive for Con A, HPA, RCA-I and UEA-I, but HPA, RCA-I and UEA-I were only weakly bound at the oocyte surface. In mature oocytes, all 5 lectins bound moderately or strongly to yolk granules and cell surface. HPA, RCA-I and UEA-I bound moderately or strongly to various nuclear compartments. Thus, carbohydrate content varied with the development and maturation of the oocytes, and the PAS results were in agreement with the lectin-binding results. Charged carbohydrate residues were observed in the egg envelope and Golgi bodies. These results suggest that the appearence of Con A-, HPA-, RCA-I- and UEA-I-binding glycoconjugates in the nuclei of developing oocytes show a varying pattern indicating different phases of nuclear activity which correlate with different carbohydrate synthetic activities of the oocyte.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307816
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Secretory cell types and cell proliferation of human bronchial epithelial cells in an organ-culture system (1998)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 293 (1998), S. 573-577 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Airways ; Mucins ; Secretion ; Mini-organ culture ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  To study the secretory products and the proliferation of cells of the human respiratory surface epithelium, we established a miniorgan-culture system of bronchial tissue. Biopsies of large airways were grown on agar-coated dishes immersed in a serum-enriched medium. As determined by light and transmission electron microscopy, between 1 and 3 weeks, the organ cultures were covered by a differentiated epithelium consisting of secretory, ciliated, and basal cells. Immunohistochemistry, using antibodies to mucin and lysozyme, and lectin histochemistry revealed both mucous and serous secretory cells in the epithelium. Cell proliferation was studied in situ using antibodies to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67. Whereas at the time of explantation the proliferation was low (2.5±1.7% of the epithelial cells were PCNA-positive, 1.7±0.6 were Ki-67-positive), at 24 h of cultivation, 30.4±5.1% or 25.2±4.9% of the epithelial cells were labeled with antibodies to PCNA or Ki-67. After 7 days, the number of dividing cells was low again. The results show that the organ-culture system of human respiratory surface epithelium produces a differentiated epithelium that is useful in the study of secretory processes, differentiation, and proliferation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051150
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A histochemical study of the distribution of lectin binding sites in the developing oocytes of the lancelet Branchiostoma belcheri (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 427-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Oogenesis ; Oocytes ; Carbohydrates ; Lectins ; Histochemistry ; Branchiostoma belcheri (Acrania)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of carbohydrate moieties in lancelet (Branchiostoma belcheri) oocytes has been studied at different stages of development, using a peroxidase-labeled lectin incubation technique, the PAS-reaction and Alcian Blue staining. Binding sites of 5 lectins, indicating the presence of different sugar moieties (Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) for N-acetylglucosamine, Concanavalin A (Con A) for glucose/mannose, Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) for N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA-I) for galactose and Ulex europaeus agglutinin (UEA-I) for fucose), were identified and were shown to undergo considerable variation during oocyte development. In the previtellogenic stage, HPA, RCA-I and UEA-I were not identified on the oocyte surface, but WGA and Con A gave strongly positive reactions at this site. In the cytoplasm, 4 lectins (Con A, HPA, RCA-I and UEA-I) gave a weak or moderate reaction, and Con A was also observed in the perinuclear region. In vitellogenic oocytes, these 4 lectins were found to also bind to the nuclear envelope, karyoplasm and nucleolus, and, with the exception of Con A, could also be found in the nuclei of more mature stages. The cytoplasmic yolk granules and Golgi vesicles of the vitellogenic oocyte, were moderately positive for Con A, HPA, RCA-I and UEA-I, but HPA, RCA-I and UEA-I were only weakly bound at the oocyte surface. In mature oocytes, all 5 lectins bound moderately or strongly to yolk granules and cell surface. HPA, RCA-I and UEA-I bound moderately or strongly to various nuclear compartments. Thus, carbohydrate content varied with the development and maturation of the oocytes, and the PAS results were in agreement with the lectin-binding results. Charged carbohydrate residues were observed in the egg envelope and Golgi bodies. These results suggest that the appearence of Con A-, HPA-, RCA-I- and UEA-I-binding glycoconjugates in the nuclei of developing oocytes show a varying pattern indicating different phases of nuclear activity which correlate with different carbohydrate synthetic activities of the oocyte.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307816
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endovascular catheter-delivered photodynamic therapy in an experimental response to injury model (1997)
    Springer
    Basic research in cardiology 92 (1997), S. 310-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: Key words Restenosis – photodynamic therapy – angioplasty – local drug delivery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: The effectiveness of local endovascular photodynamic therapy (PDT) in preventing tissue hyperplasia was evaluated in a vascular injury model. Methods: Standardized unidirectional arterial injury with a directional atherectomy catheter was performed in porcine arteries (n = 180). Animals (n = 72) were randomly allocated to unidirectional injury only (Group 1), injury followed by drug delivery of photosensitizer with a porous balloon (Group 2), or by local exposure to monochromatic light (Group 3). In Group 4, injury was followed by local drug delivery of photosensitzier and subsequent exposure to light (PDT). Up to 21 days after treatment, all experimental vessels were excised, fixed and processed for histology, immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy. Results: After vascular injury an inflammatory and myoproliferative response was observed in Groups 1, 2 and 3 (mean tissue hyperplasia/media ratio 1.0 ± 0.5 at 21 days; area tissue hyperplasia: 1.57 ± 0.9 mm2). Proliferation in injured vascular segments (Group 1-3) reached a miximum at 7 days, with 6 %. Only in Group 4, after injury followed by photodynamic therapy, was there no significant vascular response (mean tissue hyperplasia/media ratio 0.3 ± 0.2; area tissue hyperplasia: 0.1 ± 0.05 mm2 p 〉 0.001, proliferating cells 0.3 %). Conclusion: Vascular response after unidirectional injury was suppressed only by endovascular photodynamic therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00788943
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural characteristics of cellular reaction after experimentally induced lesions in the arterial vessel (1995)
    Springer
    Basic research in cardiology 90 (1995), S. 160-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: restenosis ; directional atherectomy ; angioplasty ; leukocytes ; smooth muscle cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Restenosis after angioplasty occurs with an incidence of 20–50% and remains a major draw-back. Certain randomized studies suggest that a bigger post-angioplasty lumen predicts a better long-term outcome. Conversely other studies showed a better outcome with limited injury. The present study aimed to investigate the depth of the lesion and relate this to cellular alterations after graded vascular injury. Method Vessel segments of 30 pigs underwent injury using a directional atherectomy catheter. Vessels were assigned according to the extent of injury to Group 1 (intima lesion) or Group 2 (media injury). 2 hours to 7 days after injury, 68 arteries showing 41 intimal and 27 media lacerations were excised and processed for histology and transmission electron microscopy. Results Immediately after injury, thrombus formation was found at the site of the altered segment. A marked, transient infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) occurred only if the media was lacerated, starting within the first hours and increasing up until the 12 hours time point. The cellular infiltration was followed by a transformation of contractile myocytes to a synthetic subtype. The ratio of myofilaments to organelles decreased. A pronounced myoproliferative response was found in Group 2 after 7 days (p〈0.01), whereas only moderate tissue hyperplasia was seen in Group 1. Conclusion The data presented provide evidence that the cellular alteration of injured vessels begins immediately. Subsequent to an initial temporary PMN infiltration, an activation of local myocytes occurs at a very early stage. In particular, a myoproliferative response was found only after deep injury with rupture of the internal elastic lamina.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00789445
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endovascular catheter-delivered photodynamic therapy in an experimental response to injury model (1997)
    Springer
    Basic research in cardiology 92 (1997), S. 310-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: Restenosis ; photo-dynamic therapy ; angioplasty ; local drug delivery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background The effectiveness of local endovascular photodynamic therapy (PDT) in preventing tissue hyperplasia was evaluated in a vascular injury model. Methods Standardized unidirectional arterial injury with a directional atherectomy catheter was performed in porcine arteries (n=180). Animals (n=72) were randomly allocated to unidirectional injury only (Group 1), injury followed by drug delivery of photosensitizer with a porous balloon (Group 2), or by local exposure to monochromatic light (Group 3). In Group 4, injury was followed by local drug delivery of photosensitizer and subsequent exposure to light (PDT). Up to 21 days after treatment, all experimental vessels were excised, fixed and processed for histology, immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy. Results After vascular injury an inflammatory and myoproliferative response was observed in Groups 1, 2 and 3 (mean tissue hyperplasia/media ratio 1.0±0.5 at 21 days; area tissue hyperplasia: 1.57±0.9 mm2). Proliferation in injured vascular segments (Group 1–3) reached a maximum at 7 days, with 6%. Only in Group 4, injury followed by photodynamic therapy, was there no significant vascular response (mean tissue hyperplasia/media ratio 0.3±0.2; area tissue hyperplasia: 0.1±0.05 mm2 p〈0.001, proliferating cells 0.3%). Conclusion Vascular response after unidirectional injury was suppressed only by endovascular photodynamic therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00788943
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological variability of smooth muscle cells in human nasal swell bodies (1996)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 253 (1996), S. 147-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Nasal swell bodies ; Morphology ; Smooth muscle cell ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The complex functional behavior of nasal swell bodies is still not completely understood. In the present study the histology of the vessels involved in the swelling mechanism is examined and the ultrastructural appearances described of the different types of smooth muscle cells located in the vascular wall of swell bodies in the human inferior turbinate. Even though the majority of smooth muscle cells of the nasal swell bodies showed a normal, elongated appearance comparable to other smooth muscle cells elsewhere in the body, a variety of cells with atypical shapes could be detected that have not been described previously in vessels of the nasal mucosa. The diameters of the smooth muscle cells in general were strikingly variable. The individual smooth muscle cells were surrounded by a basal lamina that was occasionally disrupted or doubled. Myoblasts were separated by a connective tissue space containing collagen fibrils, mature elastin fibers and bundles of microfibrils. The latter two types of fibers and fibrils occurred mainly in the outer parts of the muscular coat. The endowment of cytoplasmic components was similar in all smooth muscle cells of the vascular wall in the swell bodies. These findings indicate that the specific feature of smooth musculature presumably resides in the unusual morphological variability of the single cells present, as well as in the striking heterogeneity of the arrangement of bundles of these cells in the vascular wall.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00615112
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Verminderte Apoptose als Pathogenesefaktor der intimalen Hyperplasie humaner Arterioskleroseläsionen (1997)
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Kardiologie 86 (1997), S. 572-580 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1285
    Keywords: Key words Apoptosis – arteriosclerosis – necrosis – restenosis ; Schlüsselwörter Apoptose – Arteriosklerose – Nekrose – Restenose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Restenosis remains a persistend problem following intravascular reconstruction. Smooth muscle cell proliferation, extracellular matrix production and remodeling are accepted mechanisms of restenotic lesion formation. Decreased programmed cell death (apoptosis) may also contribute to restenosis by prolonging the life span of intimal cells, with their subsequent accumulation and development of hyperplastic lesions. The objectives of the present study were as follows: i) to identify cell death, ii) to distinguish and quantify apoptosis from necrosis, and iii) to compare restenotic with primary lesions. To this end, human atherectomy specimens from 25 primary and 14 restenotic coronary and peripheral lesions were studied by TUNEL test (TdT-mediated dUTP Nick End Labeling; detection of cell death by the presence of fragmented DNA), transmission electron microscopy and morphometric analysis. Intimal hyperplasia was more consistent with restenosis than with primary lesion origin, and was mainly attributed to increased smooth muscle cell density (649 vs. 219 cells/mm2; p 〈 0.001). The main finding of the present study is that hypercellular restenotic tissue contains fewer TUNEL+ cells than hypocellular plaques (14% vs. 27%; p 〈 0.05). Most importantly, ultrastructural evaluation revealed a markedly reduced portion of intimal plaque cells, especially smooth muscle cells exhibiting distinct morphologic signs of apoptosis (3% vs. 13%; p 〈 0.001). In contrast, incidence of necroses did not differ between both lesion types (0.13 vs. 0.12 necroses/cell; p = 0.49). Thus, our data indicate apoptosis and not necrosis to be the crucial cell death form to account for the apparent discrepancy found in both lesion types with reduced apoptosis in cell-rich restenoses. The findings of the present study suggest that decreased apoptosis is an important regulatory mechanism ultimately leading to intimal hyperplasia as commonly found in human restenosis post angioplasty.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Restenosierung bleibt ein wesentliches Problem nach rekonstruktiven Gefäßeingriffen. Als zugrundeliegende Pathogenesemechanismen sind die Proliferation glatter Muskelzellen, extrazelluläre Matrixbildung und Remodellierungsprozesse akzeptiert. Verminderter programmierter Zelltod (Apoptose) könnte ebenfalls zur Restenosierung beitragen, indem die Überlebenszeit intimaler Zellen verlängert wird mit der Folge von Zell-Akkumulierung und der Entstehung hyperplastischer Läsionen. Die Ziele der vorliegenden Studie waren (i) Zelltod zu identifizieren, (ii) dabei Apoptose von Nekrose zu unterscheiden und zu quantifizieren sowie (iii) Restenose- mit Primärstenoseläsionen zu vergleichen. Zu diesem Zweck wurden humane Atherektomieproben von 25 Primär- und 14 Restenoseläsionen koronarer und peripherer Herkunft mittels TUNEL-Test (TdT-mediated dUTP Nick End Labeling; Nachweis von Zelltod durch Detektion fragmentierter DNA) untersucht und zusätzlich mit Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie und Morphometrie analysiert. Intimale Hyperplasie korrelierte mehr mit Re- als mit Primärstenoseherkunft und war dabei auf eine erhöhte Dichte an glatten Muskelzellen zurückzuführen (mittlere Zelldichten: 649 vs. 219 Zellen/mm2; p 〈 0,001). Als wesentlicher Befund dieser Studie zeigte hyperzelluläres Restenosegewebe weniger TUNEL+-Zellen als hypozelluläre Plaques (14% vs. 27%; p 〈 0,05). Ultrastrukturelle Untersuchungen wiesen hier interessanterweise einen signifikant geringeren Anteil intimaler Plaquezellen, insbesondere glatter Muskelzellen, mit distinkten morphologischen Merkmalen für Apoptose aus (3% vs. 13%; p 〈 0,001). Bei der Inzidenz von Nekrosen war dagegen kein Unterschied zwischen beiden Plaquetypen erkennbar (0,13 vs. 0,12 Nekrosen/Zelle; p = 0,49). Damit weisen unsere Daten auf die Apoptose und nicht die Nekrose als zugrundeliegende Zelltodform hin mit Unterschieden zwischen beiden Läsionstypen bei signifikant verminderter Apoptose in zellreichen Restenosen. Die vorliegenden Befunde legen nahe, daß verminderte Apoptose einen wichtigen Regulationsmechanismus darstellt, der zu intimaler Hyperplasie führt, wie üblicherweise in humanen Restenosen nach Angioplastie nachweisbar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003920050096
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