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  • 1995-1999  (8)
Document type
Publisher
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Driving the ocean conveyor (1995)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 378 (1995), S. 135-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ONE of the central questions in understanding past and future climates concerns the North Atlantic conveyor and how it might respond to increasing anthropogenic greenhouse gases and changes in the net flux of fresh water into its basin. As he reports on page 145 of this issue1, Rahmstorf has now ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/378135a0
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simulated influence of carbon dioxide, orbital forcing and ice sheets on the climate of the Last Glacial Maximum (1998)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 394 (1998), S. 847-853 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A coupled atmosphere–ocean–sea-ice model is used to investigate the climate of the Last Glacial Maximum (∼21,000 years ago) and the relative climate-forcing effects of atmosphere CO2, the Earth's orbital parameters and ice-sheet albedo. Tropical temperatures are found to ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/29695
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interdecadal climate variability in the subpolar North Atlantic (1995)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 11 (1995), S. 459-467 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The statistical relationships between various components of the subpolar North Atlantic air-sea-ice climate system are reexamined in order to investigate potential processes involved in interdecadal climate variability. It is found that sea surface temperature anomalies concentrated in the Labrador Sea region have a strong impact upon atmospheric sea level pressure anomalies over Greenland, which in turn influence the transport of freshwater and ice anomalies out of the Arctic Ocean, via Fram Strait. These freshwater and ice anomalies are advected around the subpolar gyre into the Labrador Sea affecting convection and the formation of Labrador Sea Water. This has an impact upon the transport of North Atlantic Current water into the subpolar gyre and thus, also upon sea surface temperatures in the region. An interdecadal negative feedback loop is therefore proposed as an internal source of climate variability within the subpolar North Atlantic. Through the lags associated with the correlations between different climatic components, observed horizontal advection time scales, and the use of Boolean delay equation models, the time scale for one cycle of this feedback loop is determined to have a period of about 21 years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00207195
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interdecadal climate variability in the subpolar North Atlantic (1995)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 11 (1995), S. 459-467 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The statistical relationships between various components of the subpolar North Atlantic air-sea-ice climate system are reexamined in order to investigate potential processes involved in interdecadal climate variability. It is found that sea surface temperature anomalies concentrated in the Labrador Sea region have a strong impact upon atmospheric sea level pressure anomalies over Greenland, which in turn influence the transport of freshwater and ice anomalies out of the Arctic Ocean, via Fram Strait. These freshwater and ice anomalies are advected around the subpolar gyre into the Labrador Sea affecting convection and the formation of Labrador Sea Water. This has an impact upon the transport of North Atlantic Current water into the subpolar gyre and thus, also upon sea surface temperatures in the region. An interdecadal negative feedback loop is therefore proposed as an internal source of climate variability within the subpolar North Atlantic. Through the lags associated with the correlations between different climatic components, observed horizontal advection time scales, and the use of Boolean delay equation models, the time scale for one cycle of this feedback loop is determined to have a period of about 21 years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003820050088
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the incompatibility of ocean and atmosphere models and the need for flux adjustments (1996)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 12 (1996), S. 141-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The surface heat and freshwater fluxes from equilibrium ocean (OGCM) and atmospheric (AGCM) general circulation model climates are examined in order to determine the minimum flux adjustment required to prevent climate drift upon coupling. This is accomplished by integrating an OGCM with specified surface fluxes. It is shown that a dramatic climate drift of the coupled system is inevitable unless ocean meridional heat and freshwater (salt) transports are used as constraints for tuning the AGCM present-day climatology. It is further shown that the magnitude of the mismatch between OGCM and AGCM fluxes is not as important for climate drift as the difference in OGCM and implied AGCM meridional heat and freshwater (salt) transports. Hence a minimum flux adjustment is proposed, which is zonally-uniform in each basin and of small magnitude compared to present flux adjustments. This minimum flux adjustment acts only to correct the AGCM implied oceanic meridional transports of heat and freshwater (salt). A slight extension is also proposed to overcome the drift in the surface waters when the minimum flux adjustment is used. Finally, it is suggested that the flux adjustments which arise from current methods used to determine them are all very similar, leading to adjustment fields which are significantly larger than both AGCM and climatological fields over large regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00211615
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the incompatibility of ocean and atmosphere models and the need for flux adjustments (1996)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 12 (1996), S. 141-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The surface heat and freshwater fluxes from equilibrium ocean (OGCM) and atmospheric (AGCM) general circulation model climates are examined in order to determine the minimum flux adjustment required to prevent climate drift upon coupling. This is accomplished by integrating an OGCM with specified surface fluxes. It is shown that a dramatic climate drift of the coupled system is inevitable unless ocean meridional heat and freshwater (salt) transports are used as constraints for tuning the AGCM present-day climatology. It is further shown that the magnitude of the mismatch between OGCM and AGCM fluxes is not as important for climate drift as the difference in OGCM and implied AGCM meridional heat and freshwater (salt) transports. Hence a minimum flux adjustment is proposed, which is zonally-uniform in each basin and of small magnitude compared to present flux adjustments. This minimum flux adjustment acts only to correct the AGCM implied oceanic meridional transports of heat and freshwater (salt). A slight extension is also proposed to overcome the drift in the surface waters when the minimum flux adjustment is used. Finally, it is suggested that the flux adjustments which arise from current methods used to determine them are all very similar, leading to adjustment fields which are significantly larger than both AGCM and climatological fields over large regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003820050100
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Climate stability as deduced from an idealized coupled atmosphere-ocean model (1995)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 11 (1995), S. 141-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The stability of an idealized climate system is investigated using a simple coupled atmosphere-ocean box model. Motivated by the results from general circulation models, the main physical constraint imposed on the system is that the net radiation at the top of the atmosphere is fixed. The specification of an invariant equatorial atmospheric temperature, consistent with paleoclimatic data, allows the hydrological cycle to be internally determined from the poleward heat transport budget, resulting in a model that has a plausible representation of the hydrological cycle-thermohaline circulation interaction. The model suggests that the stability and variability of the climate system depends fundamentally on the mean climatic state (total heat content of the system). When the total heat content of the climate system is low, a stable present-day equilibrum exists with high-latitude sinking. Conversely, when the total heat content is high, a stable equatorial sinking equilibrium exists. For a range of intermediate values of the total heat content, internal climatic oscillations can occur through a hydrological cycle-thermohaline circulation feedback process. Experiments conducted with the model reveal that under a 100-year 2 × CO2 warming, the thermohaline circulation first collapses but then recovers. Under a 100-year 4 × CO2 warming, the thermohaline circulation collapses and remains collapsed. Recent paleoclimatic data suggest that the climate system may behave very differently for a warmer climate. Our results suggest that this may be attributed to the enhanced poleward freshwater transport, which causes increased instability of the presentday thermohaline circulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223497
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Climate stability as deduced from an idealized coupled atmosphere-ocean model (1995)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 11 (1995), S. 141-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The stability of an idealized climate system is investigated using a simple coupled atmosphere-ocean box model. Motivated by the results from general circulation models, the main physical constraint imposed on the system is that the net radiation at the top of the atmosphere is fixed. The specification of an invariant equatorial atmospheric temperature, consistent with paleoclimatic data, allows the hydrological cycle to be internally determined from the poleward heat transport budget, resulting in a model that has a plausible representation of the hydrological cycle-thermohaline circulation interaction. The model suggests that the stability and variability of the climate system depends fundamentally on the mean climatic state (total heat content of the system). When the total heat content of the climate system is low, a stable present-day equilibrum exists with high-latitude sinking. Conversely, when the total heat content is high, a stable equatorial sinking equilibrium exists. For a range of intermediate values of the total heat content, internal climatic oscillations can occur through a hydrological cycle-thermohaline circulation feedback process. Experiments conducted with the model reveal that under a 100-year 2×CO2 warming, the thermohaline circulation first collapses but then recovers. Under a 100-year 4×CO2 warming, the thermohaline circulation collapses and remains collapsed. Recent paleoclimatic data suggest that the climate system may behave very differently for a warmer climate. Our results suggest that this may be attributed to the enhanced poleward freshwater transport, which causes increased instability of the present-day thermohaline circulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003820050066
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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