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  • 1995-1999  (9)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Salt tolerance of maize (Zea mays L.): the role of sodium exclusion (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 18 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The influence of NaCl and Na2SO4 on growth of two maize cultivars (Zea mays cv. Pioneer 3906 and cv. Across 8023) differing in Na+ uptake was investigated in two green-house experiments. Na+ treatment with different accompanying anions (Cl−/SO42−) showed that ion toxicity was caused by Na+. While shoot growth of the two cultivars was markedly affected by salt in comparison to the control during the first 2–3 weeks, there were only slight differences between the cultivars. The shoot Ca2+ concentration was reduced in both cultivars, and the youngest leaves contained an even lower concentration compared with the rest of the shoot. During this first phase, Across 8023 tended to have higher concentrations of Ca2+ than Pioneer 3906. The Na+-excluding cultivar Pioneer 3906 showed continuous, although reduced, growth compared with the control, while the Na+ concentration in the shoot decreased until flowering. Cultivar Across 8023 accumulated Na+ until flowering: the reduction in the growth of stressed plants was greater than that for Pioneer 3906. Leaves of cultivar Across 8023 showed clear toxic symptoms, while those of the more salt-tolerant cultivar Pioneer 3906 did not. It is concluded that Na+ exclusion contributes to the salt tolerance of maize.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1995.tb00615.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantification of dust-forced heating of the lower troposphere (1998)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 395 (1998), S. 367-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Aerosols may affect climate through the absorption and scattering of solar radiation and, in the case of large dust particles, by interacting with thermal radiation. But whether atmospheric temperature responds significantly to such forcing has not been determined; feedback mechanisms could ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/26456
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The state space of short-range Ising spin glasses: the density of states (1998)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 2 (1998), S. 313-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 02.70.-c Computational techniques - 05.50.+q Lattice theory and statistics; Ising problems - 75.10.Nr Spin-glass and other random models
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: The state space of finite square and cubic Ising spin glass models is analysed in terms of the global and the local density of states. Systems with uniform and Gaussian probability distribution of interactions are compared. Different measures for the local state density are presented and discussed. In particular, the question whether the local density of states grows exponentially or not is considered. The direct comparison of global and local densities leads to consequences for the structure of the state space.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100510050254
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil pH changes during legume growth and application of plant material (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 23 (1996), S. 236-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Soil pH ; Legume ; Alkalinity ; Decarboxylation ; Ammonification ; Vicia faba L. ; Nitrification ; Zea mays L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract During cultivation of legumes soil is acidified due to proton release from roots. As a consequence of proton release, plants accumulate organic anions which may, if returned and decomposed in the soil, neutralize the soil acids. Until now the detailed processes responsible for the change in soil pH after incorporation of plant material have not been completely understood. Using a pot experiment we studied the changes in acid and base in soil during growth of field beans (Vicia faba L. cv. Alfred) and after incorporation of the plant material into the soil. Soil pH was significantly decreased by field beans from 6.00 to 5.64 in a cultivation period of 45 days. Proton release amounted to 32.7 mmol H+ pot–1, which was approximately equivalent to the accumulated alkalinity in the plant shoots (34.4 mmol). Return of field bean shoots caused a significant soil pH increase from 5.64 to 6.29. Within 7 days more than 90% of the added alkalinity was released. After 307 days incubation, soil pH decreased to 5.86 due to nitrification. In a second experiment, maize leaves (Zea mays L.), containing various concentrations of nitrogen and at various alkalinities, were incorporated into the soil. Soil pH change was positively correlated to alkalinity and malate concentration and negatively correlated to total nitrogen and water-soluble organic nitrogen of incorporated leaves. It is concluded that the soil acidification caused by legume cultivation can be partly compensated for if crop residues are returned to the soil. Addition of plant material may initially cause an increase in soil pH due to decomposition of organic anions and organic nitrogen. Soil pH may decrease if nitrification is involved. The concentrations of nitrogen and alkalinity of added plant material are decisive factors controlling soil pH change after incorporation of plant material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335950
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil pH changes during legume growth and application of plant material (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 23 (1996), S. 236-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Soil pH ; Legume ; Alkalinity ; Decarboxylation ; Ammonification ; Vicia faba L. ; Nitrification ; Zea mays L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract During cultivation of legumes soil is acidified due to proton release from roots. As a consequence of proton release, plants accumulate organic anions which may, if returned and decomposed in the soil, neutralize the soil acids. Until now the detailed processes responsible for the change in soil pH after incorporation of plant material have not been completely understood. Using a pot experiment we studied the changes in acid and base in soil during growth of field beans (Vicia faba L. cv. Alfred) and after incorporation of the plant material into the soil. Soil pH was significantly decreased by field beans from 6.00 to 5.64 in a cultivation period of 45 days. Proton release amounted to 32.7 mmol H+ pot-1, which was approximately equivalent to the accumulated alkalinity in the plant shoots (34.4 mmol). Return of field bean shoots caused a significant soil pH increase from 5.64 to 6.29. Within 7 days more than 90% of the added alkalinity was released. After 307 days incubation, soil pH decreased to 5.86 due to nitrification. In a second experiment, maize leaves (Zea mays L.), containing various concentrations of nitrogen and at various alkalinities, were incorporated into the soil. Soil pH change was positively correlated to alkalinity and malate concentration and negatively correlated to total nitrogen and water-soluble organic nitrogen of incorporated leaves. It is concluded that the soil acidification caused by legume cultivation can be partly compensated for if crop residues are returned to the soil. Addition of plant material may initially cause an increase in soil pH due to decomposition of organic anions and organic nitrogen. Soil pH may decrease if nitrification is involved. The concentrations of nitrogen and alkalinity of added plant material are decisive factors controlling soil pH change after incorporation of plant material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335950
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen assimilation by legumes - processes and ecological limitations (1995)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 42 (1995), S. 99-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: dinitrogen fixation ; drought ; legumes ; membrane transport ; nitrogen metabolism ; soil acidity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Legumes may feed on three different sources of nitrogen: nitrate, ammonium, and, due to symbiotic N2 fixation, atmospheric dinitrogen. In all three cases ammonium is finally assimilated by the glutamine synthetase (GS) / glutamate synthase (GOGAT) system. NH 4 + produced by nitrogenase in symbiosomes of legume nodules is released into the host cell cytosol where it is incorporated into amino acids and amides. The release of NH 4 + into the cytosol appears to occur purely by diffusion. Therefore, the activity of the GS / GOGAT enzymes is decicive to avoid product inhibition of nitrogenase by NH 4 + . No information is available on the mechanism of xylem loading with amides or ureides, a process that may play a key role in avoiding accumulation of amino acids in infected nodule cells. The same applies to phloem unloading of sucrose. Both transport processes, however, may determine the efficiency of N2 fixation by legumes. There is no convincing evidence that N2 fixation by legumes is generally limited by energy supply to nodules. On the other hand, N2 fixation is often restricted by environmental constraints. Environmental stresses may limit N2 fixation of legumes at four different levels:Rhizobium (Bradyrhizobium) multiplication in soil, rhizobial infection of roots, nodulation, and N2 fixation. There is increasing evidence that, sufficient infection by effective rhizobial strains provided, N demand of the host plant determines the potential of N2 fixation. Various environmental stresses and supply of mineral N reduce nodulation and nitrogenase activity without affecting total N concentration of the plant tissue. Stress-induced reduction of plant growth, however, results in an accumulation of free amino acids, amides, or ureides in shoots, roots, and nodules which may be responsible for the regulation of nodulation and nitrogenase activity via a feedback system. This implies that enhancement of N2 fixation by legumes can be realized in two different ways: either by improvement of stress resistance and dry matter accumulation or by uncoupling of the feedback control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00750503
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A statistical model to downscale local daily temperature extremes from synoptic-scale atmospheric circulation patterns in the Australian region (1997)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 13 (1997), S. 223-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract.  The study seeks to describe one method of deriving information about local daily temperature extremes from larger scale atmospheric flow patterns using statistical tools. This is considered to be one step towards downscaling coarsely gridded climate data from global climate models (GCMs) to finer spatial scales. Downscaling is necessary in order to bridge the spatial mismatch between GCMs and climate impact models which need information on spatial scales that the GCMs cannot provide. The method of statistical downscaling is based on physical interaction between atmospheric processes with different spatial scales, in this case between synoptic scale mean sea level pressure (MSLP) fields and local temperature extremes at several stations in southeast Australia. In this study it was found that most of the day-to-day spatial variability of the synoptic circulation over the Australian region can be captured by six principal components. Using the scores of these PCs as multivariate indicators of the circulation a substantial part of the local daily temperature variability could be explained. The inclusion of temperature persistence noticeably improved the performance of the statistical model. The model established and tested with observations is thought to be finally applied to GCM-simulated pressure fields in order to estimate pressure-related changes in local temperature extremes under altered CO2 conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003820050162
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An automatic classification technique for attenuation correction in positron emission tomography (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 26 (1999), S. 447-458 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Key words: Attenuation correction ; Clustering technique ; Position emission tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. In this paper a clustering technique is proposed for attenuation correction (AC) in positron emission tomography (PET). The method is unsupervised and adaptive with respect to counting statistics in the transmission (TR) images. The technique allows the classification of pre- or post-injection TR images into main tissue components in terms of attenuation coefficients. The classified TR images are then forward projected to generate new TR sinograms to be used for AC in the reconstruction of the corresponding emission (EM) data. The technique has been tested on phantoms and clinical data of brain, heart and whole-body PET studies. The method allows: (a) reduction of noise propagation from TR into EM images, (b) reduction of TR scanning to a few minutes (3 min) with maintenance of the quantitative accuracy (within 6%) of longer acquisition scans (15–20 min), (c) reduction of the radiation dose to the patient, (d) performance of quantitative whole-body studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002590050410
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inflammatorischer Pseudotumor der Lunge bei Hiluslymphknotenhistoplasmose (1998)
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 69 (1998), S. 1101-1104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Histoplasmosis ; Inflammatory pseudotumour ; Thoracic surgery. ; Schlüsselwörter: Histoplasmose ; inflammatorischer Pseudotumor ; Thoraxchirurgie.RID=""ID="" Die Autoren danken Herrn Prof. Dr. Schulz, Direktor der Klinik und Poliklinik für Diagnostische Radiologie der Universität Leipzig, für die freundliche Überlassung der Befunde der bildgebenden Diagnostik. Weiterhin gilt unser Dank Herrn Dr. Nenoff, Klinik für Haut- und Geschlechtskrankheiten der Universität Leipzig, für seine engagierte Mitarbeit auf dem Gebiet der mykologischen Serologie.RID=""ID="" Dr. A. Frey Klinik für Allgemeine Chirurgie, Onkologische Chirurgie und Thoraxchirurgie Zentrum für Chirurgie der Universität Liebigstraße 20a D-04103 Leipzig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Beschrieben wird der Fall eines inflammatorischen Pseudotumors der Lunge, kombiniert mit einer Hiluslymphknotenhistoplasmose außerhalb eines Endemiegebiets bei einer immunkompetenten 35 jährigen Patientin. Seit eineinhalb Jahren litt die Patientin an Kopfschmerzen und schmerzhaften Schwellungen der Unterschenkel, einhergehend mit Rötung und Überwärmung. Weiterhin beschrieb die Patientin typische Flush-Anfälle, die vor einem halben Jahr hinzugekommen seien. Hauptbefund war ein röntgenologisch festgestellter suspekter runder Verschattungsherd in der rechten Lunge. Nach Abklärung der differentialdiagnostischen Möglichkeiten wurde eine Oberlappenresektion rechts durchgeführt, die histologische Aufarbeitung der Operationspräparate ergab einen inflammatorischen Pseudotumor der Lunge bei gleichzeitig bestehender Histoplasmose der Hiluslymphknoten. Nach einem komplikationsfreien postoperativen Verlauf wurde eine antimykotische Behandlung angeschlossen. Diskutiert werden das möglicherweise zufällige gleichzeitige Auftreten zweier Krankheitsbilder bzw. deren kausale Beziehung sowie das therapeutische Vorgehen mit Blick auf die einschlägige Literatur.
    Notes: Summary. The article deals with the case of an inflammatory pseudotumour of the lung in conjunction with histoplasmosis of the hilar lymph glands in a 35-year-old immunocompetent woman in a non-endemic area. She had been suffering from headaches and painful swelling of the lower legs, reddening and hyperthermia for 1.5 years. In addition to the above-mentioned symptoms she also complained of a typical flush syndrome which had begun a year later. The main paraclinical finding was a round mass in the right lung in chest radiography. After considering various differential diagnostic possibilities, thoracotomy and resection of the upper lobe of the right lung were performed. The histological diagnosis of the material removed was that of an inflammatory pseudotumour of the lung, combined with histoplasmosis of the hilar lymph glands. Following a postoperative period without complications, antimycotic treatment was performed. The discussion includes whether the simultaneous occurrence of these two diseases is coincidental or whether there is a causal relation between the two. The authors also discuss various treatments with reference to the relevant literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00002566
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