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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Astronomische Navigation : Ein Lehr- und Handbuch Für Studenten und Praktiker. (1995)
    Berlin, Heidelberg :Springer Berlin / Heidelberg,
    Details
    Keywords: Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (239 pages)
    Edition: 2nd ed.
    ISBN: 9783642799907
    URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=6873303
    Language: German
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    GEOMAR EBL
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional heterogeneity of the rat medial prefrontal cortex: effects of discrete subarea-specific lesions on drug-induced conditioned place preference and behavioural sensitization (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 11 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: While the principal components of the brain reward system, the nucleus accumbens septi and the ventral tegmental area have received much attention, their efferent and afferent structures have not been investigated to the same degree. One major input to this system originates from the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) which is not a homogenous structure but can be divided into different subareas that can be distinguished on anatomical and possibly functional grounds. We examined the effects of discrete bilateral quinolinic acid lesions (45 nmol/0.5 μL) of each of the mPFC subareas, the infralimbic (il), prelimbic (pl) and the anterior cingulate (cg) mPFC, on the conditioned place preference (CPP) and psychomotor activation induced by several drugs. Lesions of the il mPFC blocked CPP induced by morphine (10 mg/kg) and CGP37849 [dl-(E)-2-amino-4-methyl-5-phosphono-3-pentic acid, a competitive N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist; 10 mg/kg]. Lesions of the pl mPFC blocked CPP induced by cocaine (15 mg/kg) and CGP37849, and lesions of the cg mPFC only blocked CGP37849-induced CPP. Lesions of the whole mPFC blocked morphine-, cocaine- and CGP37849-induced CPP. None of the lesions affected dl-amphetamine (4 mg/kg)-induced CPP. During the conditioning period, none of the lesions affected amphetamine-induced psychomotor activation and sensitization, whereas both phenomena were attenuated by pl and whole mPFC lesions in the case of cocaine, and by il and whole mPFC lesions in the case of morphine. These results show that the different mPFC subregions have distinct functional roles in the generation of behavioural effects produced by different classes of drugs. This heterogeneity should be taken into account in future studies addressing the role of the mPFC in drug reward and sensitization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00834.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    State-dependent blockade of haloperidol-induced sensitization of catalepsy by MK-801 (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 11 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: NMDA receptor antagonists have been shown to block several forms of neural and behavioural plasticity. The prototypical and most widely-used noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist is dizocilpine (MK-801). Here we have examined the effect of MK-801 on the context-dependent augmentation (‘sensitization’) of catalepsy in rats which develops with repeated administration of haloperidol. It was found that over a 7-day treatment period animals receiving haloperidol (0.25 or 0.5 mg/kg) plus MK-801 (0.16 mg/kg) showed a context-dependent day-to-day increase in catalepsy similar to animals that received haloperidol alone. However, when all animals were treated with haloperidol alone on day 8 of the experiment, animals that had received haloperidol plus MK-801 before displayed a much smaller cataleptic response, similar to that observed in the haloperidol group on the first treatment day, i.e. the previously-established enhancement of catalepsy was no longer expressed. These results may be explained in terms of state-dependency effects induced by MK-801. Implications of these findings for the clinical use of NMDA receptor antagonists in the treatment of Parkinson's disease are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00794.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Riluzole, a glutamate release inhibitor, and motor behavior (1998)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 358 (1998), S. 181-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Key words Riluzole ; Glutamate ; NMDA ; Glutamate ; inhibitor ; Catalepsy ; Locomotion ; Stereotypy ; Ataxia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Riluzole (2-amino-6-trigluoromethoxy benzothiazole) has neuroprotective, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic and anesthetic qualities. These effects are mediated by blockade of glutamate transmission, stabilizing of sodium channels and blockade of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) reuptake. The action profile of riluzole is dominated by its effects on glutamate transmission which are predominately mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-linked processes in vitro. In vivo studies show that blockade and stimulation of the different NMDA receptor complex binding sites or AMPA receptors modulate motor behavior in a characteristic manner. It was therefore interesting to examine if blockade of glutamatergic transmission by riluzole induced similar behavioral effects as direct NMDA/AMPA receptor antagonists and if these effects are mediated by a specific receptor. The effects of riluzole alone and in combination with several other neuroactive compounds on the central nervous system was assessed by behavioral paradigms to evaluate sniffing behavior, locomotion, ataxia and rigidity. Accompanying compounds included the NMDA receptor agonist NMDA, the partial glycine site agonist D-cycloserine (DCS), and the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-phenyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor antagonist GYKI 52466 [1-(4-aminophenyl)-4-methyl-7,8-methylenedioxy-5H-2,3-benzo-diazepine HCl]. Riluzole influenced neither stereotyped sniffing behavior nor locomotion but impaired motor coordination and attenuated rigidity induced by blockade of dopamine D1 and D2 receptor antagonists when given alone. At higher doses spontaneous behavioral activity decreased and motor coordination was more impaired. Augmentation of the riluzole effects were observed when NMDA, but not GYKI 52466, was coadministered. The glycine site agonist DCS increased the anticataleptic properties of riluzole. The results indicate that when given alone, riluzole has a behavioral profile resembling that of competitive NMDA receptor antagonists. However, coadministration of riluzole with NMDA/AMPA receptor ligands suggests that this assumption is incorrect, and that riluzole affects glutamatergic transmission by a more indirect mechanism. Nevertheless, the profile of riluzole together with its pre- and postsynaptic blockade of glutamatergic transmission implies beneficial properties in diseases where an overactive glutamate system induces chronic neurotoxicity and/or acute behavioral effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005241
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Möglichkeiten medzinisches Datenverarbeitung und Datenschutz (1998)
    Springer
    Medizinrecht 16 (1998), S. 162-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8629
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003500050072
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A multipurpose, fast scan spectrophotometer for measuring turbid (biological) materials (1997)
    Springer
    Experimental biology online 2 (1997), S. 1-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1430-3418
    Keywords: Spectrophotometer, fast scan ; light fiber, application ; absorption of turbid materials ; spectrophotometer, software ; absorption measurement, reflection measurement, luminescence measurement, fluorescence measurement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new optical spectrophotometer has been developed, based on a recently patented monochromator for spectral measurements of clear and, in particular, of turbid materials in the millisecond time range. The number of optical and mechanical components of the spectrophotometer has been reduced to a minimum, resulting in excellent light throughput, a low stray-light level, low cost, compactness and rigidity. The spectrophotometer has been designed for all kinds of spectral measurements such as absorption, transmission, reflection and luminescence/radiation in a single-beam mode as documented by several examples. In principle, there is no restriction of wavelengths, ranging from UV to NIR and up to the IR range. As many functions as possible are relocated from the hardware to the software part of the design, which allows for extraordinary flexibility and simplicity. An appropriate computer program providing data acquisition, control and calibration functions as well as real-time display of spectra has been developed on the basis of a compiler language; indispensable “fast routines” are written in assembler language.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00898-997-0004-9
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of cytosolic NADPH-diaphorase/nitric oxide synthase in reactive microglia/macrophages after quinolinic acid lesions in the rat striatum: an electron and light microscopical study (1996)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 105 (1996), S. 81-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Induction of nitric oxide synthase and increased production of nitric oxide in microglia may play a crucial role in neuronal damage and neurodegenerative disorders. In the present study we have used light and electron microscopical NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry as the visualization procedure for nitric oxide synthase to investigate the time-course and subcellular patterns of NADPH-diaphorase expression in microglia/macrophages of quinolinic acid-lesioned rat striatum. For light microscopy, NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry sections were stained with nitroblue tetrazolium, while for ultrastructural analysis the tetrazolium salt 2-(2′-benzothiazolyl)-5-styryl-3(4′-phthalhydrazidyl) tetrazolium chloride (BSPT) was applied. Light microscopical inspection revealed a progressively increasing number of positive cells with increasing intensity of NADPH-diaphorase staining in microglia/macrophages from day 1 after quinolinic acid injection onward. Electron microscopical examination revealed a membrane bound NADPH-diaphorase in quiescent microglia as well as in activated microglia/macrophages through all stages of the lesion studied. Predominantly membranes of the nuclear envelope and the endoplasmic reticulum were labeled with BSPT-formazan, while in advanced stages selective membrane portions of mitochondria, Golgi apparatus and plasmalemma were also stained. From day 5 onward after lesion induction, a very distinctive type of NADPH-diaphorase was observed, forming accumulations of electron-dense grains that were distributed differentially throughout cytoplasmic areas and phagocytic vacuoles. Dynamics of expression, unique cytosolic localization and occurrence exclusively in activated microglia/macrophages suggest that this particular NADPH-diaphorase activity probably reflects the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase, whereas the membrane-bound precipitate may represent the neuronal and/or the endothelial isoform of the enzyme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01450881
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioural pharmacology of the non-competitive NMDA antagonists dextrorphan and ADCI: relations between locomotor stimulation, anticataleptic potential and forebrain dopamine metabolism (1997)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 355 (1997), S. 767-773 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Key words N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists ; Locomotion ; Stereotypy ; Catalepsy ; Basal ganglia ; Dopamine antagonists ; Dopamine metabolism ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of systemic administration of the non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists dextrorphan (10–40mg/kg, i.p.) and [±]-5-aminocarbonyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptan-5,10-imine (ADCI) (25–70mg/kg, i.p.) on basal ganglia-mediated behaviour and on forebrain dopamine metabolism were investigated in rats. Dextrorphan increased locomotor activity but did not induce stereotyped sniffing. ADCI failed to produce any significant motor stimulant and motor depressant actions. Both dextrorphan and ADCI dose-dependently antagonized catalepsy induced by the D-1 dopamine receptor antagonist SCH 23390 or the D-2 dopamine receptor antagonist haloperidol. Only the highest doses of dextrorphan and ADCI increased dopamine metabolism in the prefrontal cortex and/or in the nucleus accumbens, but not in the dorsal striatum. Our results show that dextrorphan and ADCI produce some of the behavioural effects (antagonism of experimentally induced catalepsy) and neurochemical actions (regionally selective stimulation of dopamine metabolism) that have previously been observed in the prototypical non-competitive NMDA antagonist, dizocilpine. The failure of ADCI to induce hyperlocomotion and stereotypy suggests that anticataleptic doses of ADCI may be devoid of the psychotomimetic actions commonly associated with non-competitive blockade of NMDA receptor function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005011
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time-resolved chlorophyll fluorescence of spruce needles under various light conditions (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of fluorescence 5 (1995), S. 155-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4994
    Keywords: Forest decline ; chlorophyll fluorescence ; light stress ; time-resolved spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Different branches of a declined spruce were exposed to full sunlight, reduced sunlight (using a fine wire mesh), and natural shadow. Subnanosecond decay kinetics and time-gated fluorescence spectra of individual needles were measured and compared with their chlorophyll concentration. Sunlight-exposed needles showed lower chlorophyll concentrations and higher intensitiesI 3 of a long-lived fluorescent component (decay time about 3 ns) than shadow needles. This seems to be due to a reduced energy transfer from the chlorophyll antenna molecules to the reaction centres of Photosystem II. After light reduction to 15–20% during one summer season the chlorophyll concentration increased, whereasI 3 decreased, thus proving some recovery of the photosynthetic apparatus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00727532
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light-induced absorbance changes in Phycomyces: evidence for cryptochrome-associated flavosemiquinones (1999)
    Springer
    Planta 208 (1999), S. 274-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words: Blue-light receptor ; Flavin ; Light-induced absorbance changes ; Phototropism mutants ; Phycomyces ; Red-light receptor ; Semiquinone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Light-induced absorbance changes (LIACs), which are associated with early photochemical events of blue-light transduction, were detected in growing zones of Phycomyces sporangiophores. The novel LIACs meet all the essential requirements for a spectrophotometric photoreceptor assay which was previously unavailaible for blue-light receptors (cryptochromes). In-vivo absorption spectra of growing zones were derived from reflection spectra which were measured with a novel rapid-scan spectrophotometer. To detect photoreceptor-associated absorbance changes white mutants were employed which lack the interfering bulk pigment β-carotene. Blue and white light, not however red light, induced in these strains absorbance changes near 460–490 and 600–620 nm. The LIACs were absent in light-insensitive mutants with defects in the genes madA, madB and madC. Because these genes affect photosensory adaptation and the blue-light receptor itself, the novel in-vivo LIACs must be associated with photochemical events which occur early in the transduction chain. The spectral characteristics of the LIACs are in accordance with a blue- and red-light absorbing flavosemiquinone which is generated upon light absorption by an oxidized flavin receptor. It is proposed that the flavosemiquinone functions itself as photoreceptor which mediates several red-light responses of Phycomyces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250050559
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