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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Micromachined infrared sensors using tunneling displacement transducers (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 112-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Uncooled infrared sensors are important for a number of technological and scientific measurements. We have designed, built, and tested a new uncooled infrared sensor which is made by silicon micromachining. This infrared sensor uses a tunneling displacement transducer to detect the thermal expansion of a small volume of trapped gas. Prototype devices based on this design have been operated with NEP better than 3×10−10 W/(square root of)Hz at 25 Hz, which is competitive with the best comparably sized uncooled sensors available. This article will describe the design, fabrication, and operation of all elements of this sensor. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146559
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Random Fine Needle Aspiration of the Breast of Women at Increased Breast Cancer Risk and Standard Risk Controls (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    The @breast journal 4 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1524-4741
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The diagnosis of occult breast epithelial proliferation by random fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of the breast remains controversial. However, the detection of proliferative change using FNAB would potentially improve assessment of breast cancer risk among women entering chemoprevention trials. To assess the validity of this procedure in risk stratification for breast cancer, we performed FNAB on 70 women while they were anesthetized for a variety of general surgical procedures. The contralateral breasts of 32 women with a history of breast cancer (cases) and both breasts of 38 women at standard risk for breast cancer (controls) were subjected to random FNAB. Cytospin preparations from four pooled FNAB passes from each breast were stained by the papanicolaou technique and interpreted according to previously published criteria. Inadequate aspirates comprised 40% (28/70) of the samples. In the remaining cases, there was a statistically significant difference between the frequency of proliferative changes and atypical hyperplasia in high-risk cases versus controls (Pearson χ2= 9.98, p = 0.019). The contralateral breasts of women with sporadic breast cancer demonstrated proliferative changes at higher rates than breasts of asymptomatic control women. Similarly, in a logistic regression model, the odds of a diagnosis of breast cancer increased with the presence of proliferative changes with or without atypia [odds ratio (OR) = 3.6, p 〈 0.02]. This study suggests that FNAB may have a role in the further stratification of high-risk women and provide a suitable sample for the monitoring of surrogate end point biomarkers in chemoprevention trials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1524-4741.1998.460420.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for crossover effects in the spin dynamics of the two-dimensional antiferromagnet Sr2CuO2Cl2 from 35Cl nuclear magnetic resonance : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5084-5086 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: 35Cl nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and relaxation measurements have been performed in stacked Sr2CuO2Cl2 single crystals with Néel temperature TN=257 K for two crystal orientations with respect to the applied field: H(parallel)c and H⊥c. All the parameters of 35Cl NMR are found to exhibit a strong orientation dependence varying in temperature. In particular, the unconventional anisotropy and strong temperature dependence of the 35Cl nuclear spin–spin relaxation rate, T−12, are presented and discussed in terms of a crossover of the Cu2+ spin dynamics from Heisenberg to XY-like correlation for T→T+N. The onset of anisotropic broadening and shift of the 35Cl NMR line was observed well above TN, which is in agreement with the previous results. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361581
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CAFFEINE, BUT NOT TIME OF DAY, INCREASES WHOLE-ARM PHYSIOLOGICAL TREMOR IN NON-SMOKING MODERATE USERS (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 25 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. Consumptive levels of caffeine significantly increased whole-arm physiological tremor in young adult males at 3 but not 1 mg caffeine/kg bodyweight.2. Physiological tremor was not affected by time of day (TOD) or the interaction of caffeine and TOD.3. Findings suggest that ingestion of a single oral dose of caffeine at typical consumptive levels results in measurable changes in physiological functioning and that whole-arm physiological tremor is a sensitive measure of physiological change due to drug effects.4. However, the results suggest that whole-arm physiological tremor may not detect reliably TOD changes in functioning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1998.tb02190.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MR of the pituitary in patients with Prader-Willi syndrome: Size determination and imaging findings (1996)
    Springer
    Pediatric radiology 26 (1996), S. 43-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is an unusual genetic disorder characterized by short stature, obesity, hypogonadism, hypotonia, cognitive impairment, and dysmorphic facies. There is an interstitial deletion of the proximal long arm of chromosome 15 in about 70% of patients. Some of these clinical features suggest a central hypothalamic/pituitary dysfunction, and recent investigations have demonstrated a marked impairment in spontaneous growth hormone (GH) secretion. We studied 15 GH-deficient PWS patients by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine whether there was a diminution in the gross morphological size of the anterior pituitary gland, the site of GH synthesis. We also set out to catalog the pertinent imaging findings in this patient population. Our results indicate that this is the first report documenting pituitary size by MRI in PWS patients. No statistically significant difference was found in the height of the anterior pituitary gland in PWS patients compared with either normal children or children with isolated GH deficiency. An interesting imaging finding is that three of 15 patients (20%) demonstrated complete absence of the posterior pituitary bright spot (PPBS), and a fourth patient demonstrated a small PPBS. These observations reflect an objective physiologic disturbance in the hypothalamus. The clinical and radiologic implications of these findings are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01403704
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lack of Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity of 2,3,3′,4,4′-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 105) in Ring-Necked Pheasants (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 35 (1998), S. 646-653 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Mono-ortho PCBs are global contaminants of wildlife with the potential to produce toxicity by an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)–mediated mechanism. To determine the potency of 2,3,3′,4,4′-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 105) for producing reproductive and developmental toxicity, adult ring-necked pheasant hens (Phasianus colchicus) were orally dosed with 0, 0.06, 0.6, or 6 mg PCB 105/kg hen/week for 10 weeks to achieve cumulative doses of 0, 0.6, 6, or 60 mg PCB 105/kg hen after which hens were bred with untreated roosters once per week for 8 weeks. Except at week 6 of the egg-laying period when cumulative egg production in the 6 mg PCB 105/kg hen group was greater than controls, fertilized egg production was not significantly different between treatment groups. Embryo mortality and chick mortality were not significantly different between treatment groups. Total body and heart weights of all chicks 1 day posthatch (dph) were not different between groups, however, liver weights of chicks from the 60 mg/kg treatment group were greater than controls at 1 dph. The first chick to hatch from each hen was reared to 21 dph and among these birds, the total body, liver, and heart weights were not different between groups. There were no dose-related malformations of the beak or limbs, and no signs of subcutaneous edema, ascites, or pericardial edema in chicks at 1 or 21 dph. Hepatic microsomal monooxygenase activities [ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (EROD), benzyloxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (BROD), and methyloxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (MROD)] were significantly elevated in chicks at 1 dph from hens given a cumulative PCB 105 dose of 6 mg/kg and in chicks at 21 dph from hens given a cumulative PCB dose of 60 mg/kg. These results indicate that a cumulative PCB 105 dose up to 60 mg/kg hen does not decrease the production of fertilized eggs or increase embryo or chick mortality in ring-necked pheasants, but does increase chick hepatic monooxygenase activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449900427
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mapping and marker-assisted selection for a gene for extreme resistance to potato virus Y (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 94 (1997), S. 192-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Potato virus Y ; Resistance gene ; Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigena ; Potato ; RFLP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The chromosomal location of the major gene Ry adg controlling extreme resistance to potato virus Y (PVY) in Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigena was identified by RFLP analysis of a diploid potato population. A total of 64 tomato and potato RFLP markers were screened with the bulked segregant analysis (BSA) on segregants extremely resistant, hypersensitive or susceptible to PVY. Four markers TG508, GP125, CD17 and CT168 at the proximal end of chromosome XI showed close linkage with extremely resistant phenotypes. TG508 was identified as the closest marker linked with the Ry adg locus with the maximum map distance estimated as 2.0 cM. The 4 markers linked with the Ry adg locus were tested on independent tetraploid and diploid potato clones and were subsequently found useful for marker-assisted selection for plants containing Ry adg .
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050399
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Echolocation signals of the bat Eptesicus serotinus recorded using a vertical microphone array: effect of flight altitude on searching signals (1999)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 47 (1999), S. 60-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Keywords: Key words Bat echolocation ; Eptesicus serotinus ; Flight altitude ; Microphone array ; Source level ; Ground clutter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The acoustic behaviour of Eptesicus serotinus was investigated in the field using a 13.5-m vertical, linear microphone array that allowed for simultaneous recordings at three different heights and for the calculation of flight altitude and distance from the array. Recordings were made at two locations that differed in bat species diversity. E. serotinus hunted on average at an altitude of 10.7 m (±2.7) at one location and 6.8 m (±3.6) at the other location. Search signals were 5–17 ms long depending on flight altitude, and consisted of two to three frequency-modulated harmonics. For bats flying below 8–10 m altitude, signal duration decreased with decreasing flight altitude, whereas signal interval, terminal frequency, peak frequency and frequency range of the first harmonic increased. Above 8–10 m flight altitude, the signal parameters were fairly constant. The –10 dB bandwidth and duty cycle did not change with flight altitude. Source levels were calculated to between 121 and 125 dB peSPL re 20 µPa at 10 cm. For bats flying higher than 9 m, the microphone placed 1.5 m above the ground recorded significantly reduced signal durations and frequency ranges of the first harmonic compared to the same signals recorded with the microphones at heights of 7 or 15 m. We caution the use of ground recordings to fully describe the echolocation signals of high-flying bats. We demonstrate that flight altitude significantly influences the structure of sonar signals from E. serotinus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002650050650
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethyl-nitrosourea transformed astrocytes exhibit mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization and constrained apoptosis (1999)
    Springer
    Apoptosis 4 (1999), S. 89-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-675X
    Keywords: Glioma ; mitochondria ; mitochondrial membrane potential ; transformation.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Recent studies have shown the mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA are altered in gliomas, studied either as primary tissues or in culture. Few studies have been performed which evaluate the mitochondria during the development of glial malignancy. We used an ethyl-nitrosourea (ENU) in vitro model to assess the changes in mitochondrial parameters with progression to astrocyte transformation. When compared to the untreated control cells mitochondrial mass of the ENU treated cells significantly decreased ontologically early with concurrent increase in mitochondrial membrane potential, resulting in hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane. At successive divisions, the degree of spontaneous apoptosis during astrocyte transformation was significantly diminished in the ENU treated cells. With 24 h pre- and co-treatment of ENU cells with citrate, an allosteric inhibitor of phosphofructokinase, the astrocytes still became immortal, but did not manifest any of the mitochondrial changes nor acquire the transformed properties of the ENU treated cells without the inhibition. Indeed, the degree of apoptosis noted in these dually treated cells was increased, associated with a loss of anchorage independence and low density growth. Transformed subclones exposed to citrate after the development of malignant properties also exhibited increased apoptosis, and did not form colonies in low density plating conditions. These results suggest that the development of transformed properties in an ENU model is associated with marked hyperpolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential and diminished spontaneous apoptosis. Exposure to citrate attenuated these mitochondrial changes and in vitro growth properties, with increases in apoptosis. The development of transformed astrocytes involve constraints on apoptosis related to alterations in mitochondrial membrane potential and mass.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009610625150
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Observational Study of Wind Profiles in the Baroclinic Convective Mixed Layer (1999)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 90 (1999), S. 47-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Keywords: Baroclinic boundary layers ; Boundary-layer wind profiles ; Convective boundary layer ; Entrainment ; Mixed layer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A comprehensive planetary boundary-layer (PBL) and synoptic data set is used to isolate the mechanisms that determine the vertical shear of the horizontal wind in the convective mixed layer. To do this, we compare a fair-weather convective PBL with no vertical shear through the mixed layer (10 March 1992), with a day with substantial vertical shear in the north-south wind component (27 February). The approach involves evaluating the terms of the budget equations for the two components of the vertical shear of the horizontal wind; namely: the time-rate-of-change or time-tendency term, differential advection, the Coriolis terms (a thermal wind term and a shear term), and the second derivative of the vertical transport of horizontal momentum with respect to height (turbulent-transport term). The data, gathered during the 1992 STorm-scale Operational and Research Meteorology (STORM) Fronts Experiments Systems Test (FEST) field experiment, are from gust-probe aircraft horizontal legs and soundings, 915-MHz wind profilers, a 5-cm Doppler radar, radiosondes, and surface Portable Automated Mesonet (PAM) stations in a roughly 50 × 50 km boundary-layer array in north-eastern Kansas, nested in a mesoscale-to-synoptic array of radiosondes and surface data. We present evidence that the shear on 27 February is related to the rapid growth of the convective boundary layer. Computing the shear budget over a fixed depth (the final depth of the mixed layer), we find that the time-tendency term dominates, reflecting entrainment of high-shear air from above the boundary layer. We suggest that shear within the mixed layer occurs when the time-tendency term is sufficiently large that the shear-reduction terms – namely the turbulent-transport term and differential advection terms – cannot compensate. In contrast, the tendency term is small for the slowly-growing PBL of 10 March, resulting in a balance between the Coriolis terms and the turbulent-transport term. Thus, the thermal wind appears to influence mixed-layer shear only indirectly, through its role in determining the entrained shear.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1001703303697
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