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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Entwicklung eines geschlossenen Konzeptes zur thermischen Verwertung von Klärschlämmen mittels Flugstromvergasung : Laufzeit des Vorhabens: 01.06.1994 bis 31.12.1998 (1999)
    Schkeuditz
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht
    Description / Table of Contents: Sewage sludge, entrained flow gasification, sewage sludge drying, grinding of sewage sludge, slag, fuel gas cleaning, process water cleaning, hydrogen
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1181 p. = 9,04 Mb., text and images
    Edition: [Electronic ed.]
    URL: https://edocs.tib.eu/files/e001/303440422.pdf
    URL: https://edocs.tib.eu/files/e001/303440422l.pdf
    Language: German , English
    Note: nIndex. - Contract BMBF 02-Ws9426/0 , Differences between the printed and electronic version of the document are possible
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical investigation of thermocapillary flow around a bubble (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 11 (1999), S. 18-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The thermocapillary flow induced by a gas bubble in a Newtonian liquid layer subjected to a stable temperature stratification is investigated. This flow is analyzed for a special configuration when the surface tension and buoyant forces oppose one another. The driving mechanism is the surface tension gradient related to the Marangoni number whereas the stabilizing effects are the viscous and buoyant forces related to the Prandtl and the Rayleigh numbers. In a previous work, this flow has been investigated experimentally for a few combinations of these three parameters. In order to make a more systematic study of the influence of these parameters, numerical simulations are used as a decisive tool. Indeed, it allows the contribution of the different mechanisms to be evaluated. To validate the finite element model, developed for this purpose, the numerical results are first compared to experimental ones. Then, the influence of these three dimensionless parameters on the flow pattern and the magnitude of the flow is analyzed. This sensitivity study is supplemented by a convergence study. It appears that the Rayleigh number modifies the flow pattern but has little influence on the strength of the primary vortex induced by the bubble. On the other hand, the Marangoni and Prandtl numbers induce little change in the flow pattern but they respectively enhance and reduce the strength of the primary vortex. This systematic analysis leads us to propose an empirical relationship for the strength of the flow. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.869900
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lithographic point contacts for transverse electron focusing in bismuth (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 1282-1284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An electron-beam lithography technique for fabricating submicron point contacts to planar surfaces of bulk samples is described. We have demonstrated the technique by creating a linear array of point contacts, oriented along the bisectrix axis of a bismuth single crystal, which act as emitters and collectors in multiprobe transport measurements. In a transverse electron focusing geometry, we find the expected series of periodic voltage peaks as a function of applied magnetic field at low temperatures. The lithographically fabricated contacts offer advantages over conducting-needle probes in electrical integrity, thermal robustness, lack of damage to the contact site, ability to make multiple submicron contacts with ≤10 μm separations and ability to align the contacts precisely along crystallographic axes. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.115953
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of quasi-phase-matching geometries for second-harmonic generation in poled polymer channel waveguides at 1.5 μm (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 1183-1185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have investigated three different quasi-phase-matching approaches to second-harmonic generation (SHG) in DANS (4-dimethylamino-4′-nitrostilbene) poled polymer channel waveguides at 1.5 μm. Periodic photobleaching and periodically poled electrodes deposited directly on the film produced unacceptably high propagation losses. However, periodic electrodes on the substrate gave low losses and useful SHG. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.115962
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resistivity of boron-doped diamond microcrystals (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 72 (1998), S. 2445-2447 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We describe measurements of the electrical resistivity of micron-size crystallites of boron-doped diamond. Electron-beam lithography was employed for writing sample-specific contacts on small, well-faceted diamond crystals grown by chemical-vapor deposition on silicon substrates. After generating a three-dimensional computer model of the crystallite, a finite-element analysis was used to calculate the internal electrostatic potential distribution. Multiterminal resistance measurements, in conjunction with a computed geometrical factor, enabled the absolute resistivity to be determined. We find that the resistivities obtained from two different crystallites agree to better than 10%. The results are compared with transport measurements on a large-area homoepitaxial diamond film grown simultaneously with the crystallites. This method can be generalized to obtain electrical transport properties of other small, irregularly shaped samples. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.121680
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large B-cell lymphoma of the mandible comprising filiform and signet-ring cells (1999)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 35 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.1999.0744e.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carpal bone maturation during childhood and adolescence: Assessment by quantitative computed tomography (1998)
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 19 (1998), S. 395-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Bone maturation ; Carpal bone ; Volume ; Computed tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of our study was to measure the volume of each carpal bone during childhood and adolescence by image processing from computed tomography (CT) scans, and to analyze the relationship between the eight carpal bones. Thirteen CT scans were performed in nine normal prepubertal, peripubertal and post-pubertal children, six boys and three girls, aged 5-14 years. Each scan was processed in order to extract the carpal bones. The volume was computed for each bone. There was a significant correlation between carpal bone volume and age (0.55 〈 r 〈 0.79), and a very strong correlation between the volume of a given carpal bone and the volume of all the others, whatever the age (0.87 〈 r 〈 0.99, p 〈 0.01). Image processing is a potentially useful method for assessing bone maturation. The constant ratio between carpal bone volumes indicates that these bones interact with each other in wrist bone maturation
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00276-997-0395-x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carpal bone maturation during childhood and adolescence: Assessment by quantitative computed tomography (1997)
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 19 (1997), S. 395-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Bone maturation ; Carpal bone ; Volume ; Computed tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le but de notre étude était de mesurer le volume de chaque os du carpe au cours de l'enfance et de l'adolescence par analyse des images d'examens tomodensitométriques (TDM) du poignet, et d'analyser les relations entre les huit os du carpe. Treize TDM ont été réalisés chez 9 enfants en période prépubertaire, pubertaire et postpubertaire, 6 garçons et 3 filles, âgés de 5 à 14 ans. Les os du carpe ont été isolés les uns des autres sur chaque examen TDM et leurs volumes ont été calculés. Nous avons retrouvé une relation significative entre le volume des os du carpe et l'âge (0,55〈r〈0,79), et une relation très significative entre le volume d'un os du carpe et le volume des autres os du carpe, quel que soit l'âge (0,87〈r〈0,99, p〈0,01). L'analyse d'image est une méthode intéressante pour évaluer la maturation osseuse. Le rapport constant entre le volume des os du carpe, quel que soit l'âge, semble indiquer que les os du carpe interagissent entre eux durant la maturation osseuse du poignet.
    Notes: Summary The aim of our study was to measure the volume of each carpal bone during childhood and adolescence by image processing from computed tomography (CT) scans, and to analyze the relationship between the eight carpal bones. Thirteen CT scans were performed in nine normal prepubertal, peripubertal and post-pubertal children, six boys and three girls, aged 5–14 years. Each scan was processed in order to extract the carpal bones. The volume was computed for each bone. There was a significant correlation between carpal bone volume and age (0.55〈r〈0.79), and a very strong correlation between the volume of a given carpal bone and the volume of all the others, whatever the age (0.87〈r〈0.99, p〈0.01). Image processing is a potentially useful method for assessing bone maturation. The constant ratio between carpal bone volumes indicates that these bones interact with each other in wrist bone maturation
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01628507
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dehnen Neuere Forschungsergebnisse und deren praktische Umsetzung (1999)
    Springer
    Manuelle Medizin 37 (1999), S. 3-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0466
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Seit vielen Jahren sind Dehnungen selbstverständlicher Bestandteil von sportlichem und therapeutischem Training. Die im Sport seit Jahrzehnten durchgeführten ballistischen bzw. dynamischen Dehnungsformen (schwingende Bewegungen) wurden als unfunktionell bezeichnet und in den 80er Jahren weitgehend durch Stretching ersetzt. Stretching ist eine Dehnform, die ein langsames und gehaltenes Dehnen vorsieht. Es wurde argumentiert, daß dynamische Dehnungen Muskelreflexe auslösen können, die eine optimale Dehnung der Muskulatur verhindern und sogar zu Verletzungen führen könnten [1, 5, 14, 18]. Eigene Untersuchungen zeigten, daß durch dynamische Dehnungen mit üblichen Winkelgeschwindigkeiten keine Muskelreflexe ausgelöst werden, zumal sie jederzeit zentral dominiert werden können [6]. Verletzungen durch dynamische Dehnungen sind uns nicht bekannt. Trotz der durchgängigen und durchaus bewährten Anwendung von Dehnungen bestehen große Lücken im Wissen um die Wirksamkeit dehnender Maßnahmen. In den letzten Jahren konnten bedeutsame Kenntnisse zum Dehnen gewonnen werden, die neueren Forschungsergebnisse und Überlegungen sollen ausschnitthaft im folgenden Beitrag thematisiert werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003370050097
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new method of three-dimensional computer assisted reconstruction of the developing biliary tract (1999)
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 21 (1999), S. 55-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Three-dimensional computer assisted reconstruction ; Biliary tract ; Human embryo ; Carnegie stage 23
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Une reconstruction tridimensionnelle assistée par ordinateur de l'arbre biliaire a été réalisée chez des embryons de rats et un embryon humain pour décrire et comparer les structures biliaires et pour mettre en évidence les rapports anatomiques des différents éléments du pédicule hépatique. Des coupes sagittales (épaisseur de 7 µm) d'un embryon humain et de 16 embryons de rat ont été directement acquises par ordinateur. Les coupes sériées ont été automatiquement alignées. Les données ont été analysées en utilisant une segmentation et un seuillage permettant une reconstruction automatique. Les voies biliaires principales avaient un trajet ascendant dans le mésoderme du ligament hépato-duodénal. Les voies biliaires extra-hépatiques : conduit cholédoque (CD), conduit cystique et la vésicule biliaire chez l'humain, étaient en continuité. L'ampoule hépato-pancréatique a été explorée par transparence à travers le duodénum. Le CD avait un trajet en chicane. Le diamètre et la longueur de la vésicule biliaire étaient identiques à celles du CD. La reconstruction assistée par ordinateur permet une acquisition aisée des données par l'examen direct des coupes histologiques à travers un microscope. Cette méthode détermine clairement les relations entre les différents éléments du pédicule hépatique et leur volume, ce qui n'était pas évident à l'examen en 2 dimensions des coupes histologiques. Chaque stade embryonnaire pourrait être ainsi reconstruit en 3-D, introduisant ainsi le temps comme quatrième dimension, ceci étant fondamental pour l'étude de l'organogénèse.
    Notes: Summary A three-dimensional (3-D) computer assisted reconstruction of the biliary tract was performed in human and rat embryos at Carnegie stage 23 to describe and compare the biliary structures and to point out the anatomic relations between the structures of the hepatic pedicle. Light micrograph images from consecutive serial sagittal sections (diameter 7 mm) of one human and 16 rat embryos were directly digitalized with a CCD camera. The serial views were aligned automatically by software. The data were analysed following segmentation and thresholding, allowing automatic reconstruction. The main bile ducts ascended in the mesoderm of the hepatoduodenal ligament. The extrahepatic bile ducts: common bile duct (CD), cystic duct and gallbladder in the human, formed a compound system which could not be shown so clearly in histologic sections. The hepato-pancreatic ampulla was studied as visualised through the duodenum. The course of the CD was like a chicane. The gallbladder diameter and length were similar to those of the CD. Computer-assisted reconstruction permitted easy acquisition of the data by direct examination of the sections through the microscope. This method showed the relationships between the different structures of the hepatic pedicle and allowed estimation of the volume of the bile duct. These findings were not obvious in two-dimensional (2-D) views from histologic sections. Each embryonic stage could be rebuilt in 3-D, which could introduce the time as a fourth dimension, fundamental for the study of organogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01635054
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