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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Küsteneinfluß auf mittlere Bodenwindgeschwindigkeiten über der Ostsee (1995)
    Kiel
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (84 Seiten = 5 MB) , Graphen, Karten
    Edition: 2021
    URL: https://oceanrep.geomar.de/53528/
    Language: German
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    GEOMAR CATALOGUE
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Das Luftdruckfeld über Schleswig-Holstein (1995)
    Kiel
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (94 Seiten = 7 MB) , Graphen, Karten
    Edition: 2021
    URL: https://oceanrep.geomar.de/53507/
    Language: German
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    GEOMAR CATALOGUE
    Link to Library Catalog
    get availability status
  • 3
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    Spatial scales of surface wind observations and analysed wind fields over the North Atlantic Ocean (1995)
    Elsevier
    In:  Journal of Marine Systems, 6 (1-2). pp. 67-75.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-08-08
    Description: It is well known that spatial scales of oceanic eddies are smaller than scales of atmospheric eddies. Since the spectral distribution of kinetic energy of atmospheric eddies may influence the properties of wind driven oceanic eddies, an excellent resolution of small scale variability of wind fields used as input fields of coupled models of atmosphere and ocean is necessary. Analysis of spatial scales of atmospheric fields is done in terms of spectral energy densities. These are determined in two different ways: directly from objectively analysed fields or by using spatial correlation functions of direct observations averaged for 20 km × 20 km boxes. In the spectral range of wavelengths of less than 1000 km spectral energy densities of analysed fields have lost about 15 to 50% of the variance compared to direct observations. A considerable part of this loss of the variance depends on smoothing done by interpolation schemes themselves. Concerning problems of air-sea interaction care should be taken also to avoid that systematic errors of analysed wind fields lead to systematic errors in turbulent exchange. It is shown that high observed wind speeds are considerably underestimated in analysed fields of numerical models of weather prediction.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/0924-7963(95)90267-H
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    Evaporation over the Baltic Sea as an example of a semi-enclosed sea (1998)
    Deutsche Meteorologische Gesellschaft
    In:  Contributions to atmospheric physics, 71 (2). pp. 249-261.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-25
    Description: Evaporation is a major term in the energy and water cycle of the Baltic Sea. Wide areas of a semienclosed sea like the Baltic Sea belong to the coastal zone, which is a transition zone from the different roughnesses and thermal properties of the open sea and the land surfaces. This causes that wind speeds in coastal areas are generally lower than over the open sea for the same geostrophic wind speeds somewhat dependent on the wind direction relative to the coast. Furthermore the evaporation is hampered by ice, which covers parts of the Baltic Sea during winter time and is more prevalent near the coast. Sea ice and the influence of the coast on the wind speed reduce evaporation by up to about 7 to 8% each. The resulting evaporation is of the same order as previous estimates and shows similar spatial and temporal patterns, but uncertainties remain. It is shown that these depend mainly on the boundary layer parameterization used to calculate the evaporation.
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - without review
  • 5
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    Bestimmung der Schubspannung auf See (1995)
    Deutscher Wetterdienst
    In:  Annalen der Meteorologie, 31 . pp. 406-407.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-08-15
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - without review
  • 6
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    The Labrador Sea deep convection experiment (1998)
    AMS (American Meteorological Society)
    In:  Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 79 (10). pp. 2033-2058.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-07
    Description: In the autumn of 1996 the field component of an experiment designed to observe water mass transformation began in the Labrador Sea. Intense observations of ocean convection were taken in the following two winters. The purpose of the experiment was, by a combination of meteorological and oceanographic field observations, laboratory studies, theory, and modeling, to improve understanding of the convective process in the ocean and its representation in models. The dataset that has been gathered far exceeds previous efforts to observe the convective process anywhere in the ocean, both in its scope and range of techniques deployed. Combined with a comprehensive set of meteorological and air-sea flux measurements, it is giving unprecedented insights into the dynamics and thermodynamics of a closely coupled, semienclosed system known to have direct influence on the processes that control global climate.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1175/1520-0477(1998)079〈2033:TLSDCE〉2.0.CO;2
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 7
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    Wind resources in the Baltic Sea (1996)
    In:  [Paper] In: European Union Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition, 20.-24.05.1996, Göteborg, Sweden . Proceedings of the 1996 European Union Wind Energy Conference ; pp. 510-513 .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-13
    Description: The wind rcsource of the Baltic Sea has been investigated, using ship-based measurements and a model to establish the geostrophic wind climatology. Regional climatologies are then generated by meso-scale models, and finally local siting can be performed by the WASP-model. Four different ways of modelling the regional climate have been investigated, three mesoscale models and an empirical approach using near coastal ship-based observations
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Conference paper
  • 8
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    Spatial extension of coastal impact on the mean surface wind over the Baltic Sea (1996)
    In:  [Paper] In: European Union Wind Energy Conference, 20.-24.05.1996, Göteborg, Sweden ; pp. 564-567 .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-08
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Conference paper
  • 9
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    Air-sea exchange of water vapor and sensible heat: The humidity exchange over the sea (HEXOS) results (1996)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 101 (C5). pp. 12001-12016.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-04-30
    Description: Surface layer fluxes of sensible heat and water vapor were measured from a fixed platform in the North Sea during the Humidity Exchange over the Sea (HEXOS) Main Experiment (HEXMAX). Eddy wind stress and other relevant atmospheric and oceanic parameters were measured simultaneously and are used to interpret the heat and water vapor flux results. One of the main goals of the HEXOS program was to find accurate empirical heat and water vapor flux parameterization formulas for high wind conditions over the sea. It had been postulated that breaking waves and sea spray, which dominate the air-sea interface at high wind speeds, would significantly affect the air-sea heat and water vapor exchange for wind speeds above 15 m/s. Water vapor flux has been measured at wind speeds up to 18 m/s, sufficient to test these predictions, and sensible heat flux was measured at wind speeds up to 23 m/s. Within experimental error, the HEXMAX data do not show significant variation of the flux exchange coefficients with wind speed, indicating that modification of the models is needed. Roughness lengths for heat and water vapor derived from these direct flux measurements are slightly lower in value but closely parallel the decreasing trend with increasing wind speed predicted by the surface renewal model of Liu et al. [1979], created for lower wind speed regimes, which does not include effects of wave breaking. This suggests that either wave breaking does not significantly affect the surface layer fluxes for the wind speed range in the HEXMAX data, or that a compensating negative feedback process is at work in the lower atmosphere. The implication of the feedback hypothesis is that the moisture gained in the lower atmosphere from evaporation of sea spray over rough seas may be largely offset by decreased vapor flux from the air-sea interface.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 10
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    Messungen der Wechselwirkung Ozean-Atmosphäre in der Labradorsee im Winter 1997 (1998)
    Deutscher Wetterdienst
    In:  [Paper] In: Deutsche Meteorologen-Tagung, 14.-18.09.1998, Leipzig, Germany ; pp. 277-278 .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-02
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Conference paper
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