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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Germfree and Gnotobiotic Animal Models : Background and Applications. (1996)
    Milton :Taylor & Francis Group,
    Details
    Schlagwort(e): Laboratory animal-free paper. ; Electronic books.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The germfree animal is reared in the laboratory to be bacteria free; its counterpart, the gnotobiotic animal, is exposed to select microorganisms. Germfree and Gnotobiotic Animal Models brings together the most notable points of early and recent studies and gives reference to the most pertinent literature.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    Seiten: 1 online resource (202 pages)
    Ausgabe: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9780429610899
    URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=6145668
    DDC: 619
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Foreword -- The Author -- Table of Contents -- Chapter I: Introduction -- Chapter II: Early Growth, Body Weight, Reproduction, and Life Span -- General Aspects -- Growth -- Body Weight of the Mature Animal -- Reproduction -- Life Span -- Conclusions -- Chapter III: Anatomy, Morphology, and Function of the Gastrointestinal System -- General Aspects -- Stomach -- Small Intestine -- Cecum -- Large Intestine -- Conclusions -- Chapter IV: Morphology and Physiology, Endocrinology and Biochemistry -- General Aspects -- Energy Metabolism -- Liver Function -- Cholesterol and Bile Acid Metabolism -- Rats and Mice -- Gerbils -- Dogs and Pigs -- Other Indicators of Function -- Water Balance and Kidney Function -- Mineral Metabolism -- Endocrine System -- Conclusions -- Chapter V: Nutrition -- General Aspects -- Early Rat and Mouse Diets -- Hand-Feeding of the Cesarian-Derived Newborn -- Solid Diets -- Further Development of Rat and Mouse Diets -- Sterilization of Solid Diets -- Metabolic Requirements of Germfree Rats and Germfree Mice - Contributions of the Microflora -- Dietary Energy Requirements -- Proteins and Amino Acids -- Vitamin B Complex - Microflora Production -- Fat-Soluble Vitamins -- Minerals -- Inositol, Ubiquinone, and Queuine -- Chapter VI: The Chemically Defined Diet -- General Aspects -- Development of the Chemically Defined Diet -- Procedures -- Present Status -- Dietary Antigenicity and Immune Potential -- Chapter VII: Immunology, Including Radiobiology and Transplantation -- General Aspects -- Early Studies: Immune Potential of Germfree Rats and Mice Maintained on Solid Diets -- Antibody-Forming Potential -- Phagocytosis -- B Cells, T Cells, and NK Cells -- Immune Globulins -- Natural Antibody -- Cytokinins -- Radiation Biology and Bone Marrow Transplantation. , Immunological Evaluation of GF Mice Maintained on a Chemically Defined, Low Molecular Weight Antigen-free Diet -- Conclusions -- Chapter VIII: Parasitology -- General Aspects -- Effects of the Microflora Via Nutrient Availability and the Immune System -- Protozoa -- Nematodes -- Helminths -- Schistosomiasis and Chagas Disease -- Cestodes -- Chapter IX: Pathology Over the Life Span of the Germfree Rat and the Germfree Mouse -- General Aspects -- Tumors and Tumor-Related Viruses -- Conclusions -- Chapter X: Applications: Past, Present, and Future. Part I -- Introduction -- Microbial Action and Interaction in Gnotobiotic Systems. Colonization Resistance and Translocation Studies -- Controlled Microbial Association -- Monoassociation -- Microbial Interaction -- Bacteria-Yeast Interaction -- Colonization Resistance -- Materials With Antimicrobial Action -- Translocation Studies -- Chapter XI: Applications: Past, Present, and Future. Part II. Use of the Gnotobiote in the Study of Disease -- The Aging Syndrome -- Endpoint Studies -- Lobund Aging Study -- Cancer Research -- Role of the Microflora in Steroid Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease -- Dental Caries and Periodontal Disease Studies -- Dental Caries -- Periodontal Disease -- Radiation Biology: Role of the Microflora and Effect of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) -- The Shock Syndrome: Potential Influence of LPS -- Hemorrhagic Shock -- Thermal Shock -- Intestinal Strangulation -- Tourniquet Shock -- Ulcerative Colitis -- Studies of Swine Disease -- Chapter XII: Applications: Past, Present, and Future. Part III. The Production of Monoclonal Antibodies and Conclusions -- Monoclonal Antibodies -- Conclusions and Future Considerations -- Index.
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Breast-Conserving Therapy for Ductal Carcinoma in Situ: The Van Nuys Experience with Excision Plus Radiation Therapy (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @breast journal 3 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1524-4741
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract: The incidence of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast has increased significantly in the last 15 years paralleling increases in the use of screening mammography. During that time, breast-conserving therapy for DCIS has become an established treatment option for patients with DCIS. 185 patients with pure DCIS treated with excision and radiation therapy were studied. The risk of local recurrence increased as nuclear grade or the diameter of the primary tumor increased. It decreased as margin width increased. Tumors containing predominantly comedo histology had an increased local recurrence rate when compared with noncomedo lesions. There was no difference in local recurrence rates for patients treated 4 or 5 days per week. The median time to local recurrence was 53 months. At 12 years, the actuarial local recurrence rate was 24% for all patients. The breast-cancer specific mortality over the same 12 year period was 3%. The increasing incidence of DCIS necessitates that current treatment options undergo continuous re-evaluation. Although it is likely that selected subsets of low-risk patients can be adequately treated with excision and observation, it is equally likely that patients at high risk for local recurrence will require radiation therapy as part of their management if breast preservation is chosen. Our data suggests that histologic factors such as large tumor size, narrow margin width, high nuclear grade, and comedo architecture may aid in selecting which patients require the addition of radiation therapy to their treatment regimen and which patients do not if breast preservation is chosen.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-4741.1997.tb00205.x
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The Van Nuys Prognostic Index for Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @breast journal 2 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1524-4741
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-4741.1996.tb00066.x
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The Current Status of Myocardial Revascularization: Changing Trends and Risk Factor Analysis (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of cardiac surgery 11 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8191
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract From November 1989 to December 1994, we performed 2264 bypass procedures. Data were collected prospectively. The population was divided into three subgroups: group 1 = single internal mammary artery (IMA) ± veins (n = 1584); group 2 = veins only (n = 503); and group 3 = two or more arterial conduits ± veins (n = 177). Patients who received only saphenous vein conduits (group 2) were significantly older (66.7 ± 8.9 years) than either group 1 (60.3 ± 8.3 years) or group 3 (51.6 ± 9.2 years). Furthermore, this cohort group had the highest percentage of females (28.6%), urgent cases (43.5%), preoperative myocardial infarction (MI) (18.5%), and redo surgery (5.4%). In contrast, patients who received two or more arterial conduits were 94.9% male, and had the lowest incidence of urgent cases (18.1%) and redo surgery (0.5%). Mortality was 1.4% in group 1 and 3.2% in group 2; there were no deaths in group 3. Furthermore, group 2 patients had the highest incidence of perioperative MI (6.6%), low output syndrome (22.1%), intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) assist (6.2%), and stroke (2.7%). By multivariate logistic regression analysis (odds ratio in parentheses), redo surgery (7.92), preoperative IABP (5.53), poor LV function (4.01), renal impairment (3.94), and advanced age (2.12) were all predictors of operative mortality. When mortality and morbidity (death, infarction, low output syndrome, IABP assist) were combined, regression analysis revealed that in addition to the above variables, female gender and cold cardioplegia were also independent predictors of combined mortality and morbidity. Resource utilization was determined for the three patient groups. There was concern that the increased technical demands of multiple arterial grafting along with longer periods of aortic occlusion and pump times may lead to increased complications and prolonged hospital stay. However, we found that group 3 had the lowest ventilation time, intensive care unit stay, and hospital stay. The results no doubt were influenced by case selection. Whether or not this approach to revascularization will increase long-term survival and freedom from reoperation will require further study.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8191.1996.tb00004.x
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Early Results Using an ePTFE Membrane for Pericardial Closure Following Coronary Bypass Grafting (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of cardiac surgery 13 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8191
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  A prospective randomized trial was conducted to evaluate the early efficacy and safety of the Gortex surgical membrane. Three hundred two patients (265 males, 37 females) undergoing isolated coronary bypass surgery were randomized to receive a Gortex membrane (GM = 138) or have the pericardium left open (complication [C] = 164). The groups did not differ in age, gender, urgency of procedure, length of procedure, or use of arterial grafts. Two deaths occurred in each group giving an overall mortality of 1.3%. Fifty-three (17%) patients experienced some complication (C = 34, 21%), GM = 19 (14%). Although the combined complication rate was higher in the control group, this was not statistically significant (X2 = 2.51, p = 0.11). Postoperative is-chemic events (C = 8, GM = 4) observed between the groups were not significant (X2 = 0.05, p = 0.8), and no statistically significant difference was observed between the incidences of infections (C = 7, GM = 5) or mediastinal complications (C = 3, GM = 3). The Gortex surgical membrane can be used safely without increasing the risk of infection or mediastinal complications. The incidence of recurrent myocardial ischemia, a possible indicator of graft compression, was not higher following membrane implantation. Efficacy at injury prevention will need to be determined by a longitudinal follow-up study presently underway.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8191.1998.tb01260.x
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The Technique of Radial Artery Bypass Grafting and Early Clinical Results (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of cardiac surgery 10 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8191
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: There is renewed interest in the use of the radial artery as a conduit for coronary artery bypass. Fifty patients underwent bypass surgery using the radial artery in addition to other conduits between November 24, 1992 and November 8, 1994 at our institution. The mean age was 54.4 ± 9.1 years (mean ± SD) and 47 of the patients were male. There were 3.6 ± 0.9 anastomoses per patient, of which 2.2 ± 0.4 were arterial anastomoses. The most common target vessel for the radial artery has been the obtuse marginal (58.8%), with the aorta as the usual site for proximal anastomosis (80.4%). There have been no ischemic hand complications and no radial nerve deficits. There have been no early or late deaths and no myocardial ischemic complications related to the use of the radial artery. We present the techniques used at our institution for the use of the radial artery as a conduit for coronary artery bypass.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8191.1995.tb00629.x
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Preferred Method for Insertion of the Toronto Stentless Porcine Valve (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of cardiac surgery 13 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8191
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The Toronto Stentless Porcine Valve has been extensively used for aortic valve replacement. A standardized, detailed description of a preferred operative technique has been absent from the literature. A method is described that stresses (a) proper position and orientation of the aortotomy, (b) debridement of the diseased native valve, (C) proper sizing of the aortic root and choice of prosthesis and (d) implantation of the valve. Using this technique, the prosthesis can be reproducibly implanted with relative ease, without valvular insufficiency or coronary obstruction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8191.1998.tb01104.x
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Introduction (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of cardiac surgery 13 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8191
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8191.1998.tb01095.x
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cardiac Pacing Following Surgery for Acquired Heart Disease (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of cardiac surgery 11 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8191
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Background: This study is comprised of 3493 consecutive patients who underwent open heart surgery at our institution. Data on all patients were collected prospectively. Methods: In 45 patients (Group P) (1.3%), a permanent pacemaker (PP) was inserted postoperatively. For the purpose of the study, these patients were compared to 3448 patients (Group NP) who did not require insertion of a PP after surgery. Mean follow-up was 33 months (range 1.5 to 66). Results: We found Group P patients were older (64.8 ± 11.0 vs 61.0 ± 11.0 years, p 〈 0.05), had a higher proportion of elderly (〉 70 years) (36% vs 19%, p = 0.01), and of female patients (48.8% vs 22.7%, p 〈 0.001) compared to Group NP. Group P also had a higher incidence of preoperative rhythm abnormalities (26.6% vs 5.7%, p 〈 0.0001), redo surgery (13.3% vs 4.6%, p = 0.02), aortic valve surgery (48.8% vs 10.8%, p 〈 0.001), and tricuspid valve surgery (repair 3, replacement 1) (8.8% vs 0.5%, p 〈 0.001), in addition to a higher proportion of patients in whom cold (vs warm) blood cardioplegia was used (68.8% vs 52.3%, p = 0.03). Indication for postoperative PP was sick sinus syndrome (SSS) in nine patients; atrial fibrillation in eight patients; atrioventricular block (AVB) in 27 patients; and combined AVB/SSS in 1 patient. There were no operative deaths in Group P. Necessity for PP after heart surgery had a significant impact on resource utilization resulting in prolonged ventilation (3.1 ± 7.5 vs 1.4 ± 3.3 days, p 〈 0.01), intensive care unit (5.1 ± 10.2 vs 2.5 ± 4.0 days, p 〈 0.01), and postoperative hospital stay (18.0 ± 13.4 vs 8.1 ± 9.4 days, p 〈 0.01). Conclusions: By multivariate logistic regression (odds ratio and p value in parentheses), aortic valve surgery (8.23, p = 0.001), the absence of preoperative sinus rhythm (5.60, p = 0.001), postoperative myocardial infarction (3.46, p = 0.024), and female gender (2.52, p = 0.003), were found to be independent predictors for PP requirement post surgery.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8191.1996.tb00059.x
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chiral discrimination using an immunosensor (1999)
    [s.l.] : Nature America Inc.
    Nature biotechnology 17 (1999), S. 371-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: [Auszug] Based on the stereoselectivity of immunoglobulins, we have developed a new chiral sensor for the detection of low-molecular-weight analytes. Using surface plasmon resonance detection, enantiomers of free, underivatized α-amino acids can be monitored in a competitive assay by their ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/7927
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