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  • 1995-1999  (7)
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  • 1
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    Nitrous oxide in coastal waters (1996)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 10 . pp. 197-207.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-20
    Description: We determined atmospheric and dissolved nitrous oxide (N2O) in the surface waters of the central North Sea, the German Bight, and the Gironde estuary. The mean saturations were 104 ± 1% (central North Sea, September 1991), 101 ± 2% (German Bight, September 1991), 99 ± 1% (German Bight September 1992), and 132% (Gironde estuary, November 1991). To evaluate the contribution of coastal areas and estuaries to the oceanic emissions we assembled a compilation of literature data. We conclude that the mean saturations in coastal regions (with the exception of estuaries and regions with upwelling phenomena) are only slightly higher than in the open ocean. However, when estuarine and coastal upwelling regions are included, a computation of the global oceanic N2O flux indicates that a considerable portion (approximately 60%) of this flux is from coastal regions, mainly due to high emissions from estuaries. We estimate, using two different parameterizations of the air-sea exchange process, an annual global sea-to-air flux of 11–17 Tg N2O. Our results suggest a serious underestimation of the flux from coastal regions in widely used previous estimates.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/95GB03834
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 2
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    Nitrous oxide emissions from the Arabian Sea (1996)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters, 23 . pp. 3175-3178.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-13
    Description: Dissolved and atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O) were measured on the legs 3 and 5 of the R/V Meteor cruise 32 in the Arabian Sea. A cruise track along 65°E was followed during both the intermonsoon (May 1995) and the southwest (SW) monsoon (July/August 1995) periods. During the second leg the coastal and open ocean upwelling regions off the Arabian Peninsula were also investigated. Mean N2O saturations for the oceanic regions of the Arabian Sea were in the range of 99–103% during the intermonsoon and 103–230% during the SW monsoon. Computed annual emissions of 0.8–1.5 Tg N2O for the Arabian Sea are considerably higher than previous estimates, indicating that the role of upwelling regions, such as the Arabian Sea, may be more important than previously assumed in global budgets of oceanic N2O emissions.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/96GL03072
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    The Aegean Sea as a source of atmospheric nitrous oxide and methane (1996)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Chemistry, 53 . pp. 41-49.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-08-18
    Description: During the EGAMES (Evasion of GAses from the MEditerranean Sea) expedition in July 1993 we determined the concentrations of nitrous oxide and methane in the atmosphere and in the surface waters of the Aegean Sea, the northwestern Levantine Basin, the eastern Ionian Sea and the Amvrakikos Bay. Both gases were found to be supersaturated in all sampled areas. Nitrous oxide was homogeneously distributed with a mean saturation of 105 ± 2%, showing no differences between shelf and open ocean areas, whereas methane saturation values ranged from about 1.2 times (northwestern Levantine Basin) to more than 5 times solubility equilibrium (Amvrakikos Bay estuary). Therefore the Aegean Sea and the adjacent areas were sources of atmospheric nitrous oxide and methane during the study period.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/0304-4203(96)00011-4
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    Seasonal study of methane and nitrous oxide in the coastal waters of the southern Baltic Sea (1998)
    Elsevier
    In:  Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 47 . pp. 807-817.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-04
    Description: Atmospheric and dissolved methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) were measured in the unique coastal ecosystem of the Bodden waters, including the western Oder estuary, (southern Baltic Sea) during five campaigns between 1994 and 1997. The CH4 saturations, ranging from 105-15 500%, showed great spatial and temporal variability with maximum values in September and minimum values in December. The N2O saturations were in the range of 91-312% with a maximum in March. Enhanced concentrations of both gases were observed only in the western Oder estuary near the mouth of the Peene River. Thus, we conclude that the distributions of CH4 and N2O in the investigated Bodden waters are, directly or indirectly, linked to the Peene River runoff and not to the Oder River. Our estimate of the annual CH4 emissions from the Bodden waters to the atmosphere indicates a significant contribution (c. 17%) to the overall CH4 emissions from the Baltic Sea. In contrast, the Bodden waters represent only a small source for atmospheric N2O. CH4 production rates estimated from sediment slurry experiments revealed a significant spatial variability and indicated that methanogenic activity was related to acetate consumption in the surface sediment layer. Sedimentary CH4 production might depend on different amounts of accumulation of organic material. (C) 1998 Academic Press
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1006/ecss.1998.0397
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  • 5
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    Nitrous oxide in the deep waters of the world's oceans (1999)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 13 . pp. 1127-1135.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-15
    Description: We present a compilation and analysis Of N2O data from the deep-water zone of the oceans below 2000 m. The N2O values show an increasing trend from low concentrations in the North Atlantic Ocean to high concentrations in the North Pacific Ocean, indicating an accumulation of N2O in deep waters with time. We conclude that the observed N2O accumulation is mainly caused by nitrification in the global deep-water circulation system (i.e., the “conveyor belt”). Hydrothermal and sedimentary N2O fluxes are negligible. We estimate the annual N2O deep-water production to be 0.3 ± 0.1 Tg. Despite the fact that the deep sea below 2000 m represents about 95% of the total ocean volume, it contributes only about 3–16% to the global open-ocean N2O production. A rough estimate of the oceanic N2O budget suggests that the loss to the atmosphere is not balanced by the deep-sea nitrification and pelagic denitrification. Therefore an additional source of 3.8 Tg N2O yr−1 attributed to nitrification in the upper water column (0–2000 m) might exist. With a simple model we estimated the effect of changes in the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) formation for deep-water N2O. The upper water N2O budget is not significantly influenced by variations in the N2O deep-water formation. However, the predicted decrease in the NADW formation rate in the near future might lead to an additional source of atmospheric N2O in the range of about 0.02-0.4 Tg yr−1. This (anthropogenically induced) source is small, and it will be difficult to detect its signal against the natural variations in the annual growth rates of tropospheric N2O.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/1999GB900082
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 6
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    Methane in the surface waters of the Arabian Sea (1998)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters, 25 . pp. 3547-3550.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-05
    Description: More than 2000 measurements of atmospheric and dissolved methane (CH44) were performed in the central and northwestern Arabian Sea as part of the German JGOFS Arabian Sea Process Study during three cruises in March, May/June, and June/July 1997. Mean CH4 saturations in the surface waters of the central Arabian Sea were in the range of 103–107%. Significantly enhanced saturations were observed in the coastal upwelling area at the coast of Oman (up to 156%) and in an upwelling filament (up to 145%). The CH4 surface concentrations in the upwelling area were negatively correlated to sea surface temperatures. Area‐weighted, seasonally adjusted estimates of the sea‐air fluxes of CH4 gave annual emissions from the Arabian Sea of 11–20 Gg CH4, suggesting that previously reported very high surface CH4 concentrations might be atypical owing to the interannual variability of the Arabian Sea and that the emissions derived from them are probably overestimates.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/98GL02710
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 7
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    Greenhouse gases in cold water filaments in the Arabian Sea during the Southwest Monsoon (1999)
    Springer
    In:  Naturwissenschaften, 86 . pp. 489-491.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-07
    Description: The distribution of partial pressure of carbon dioxide and the concentrations of nitrous oxide and methane were investigated in a cold water filament near the coastal upwelling region off Oman at the beginning of the southwest monsoon in 1997. The results suggest that such filaments are regions of intense biogeochemical activity which may affect the marine cycling of climatically relevant trace gases
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1007/s001140050660
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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