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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonlinear I–V characteristics of a mesoscopic conductor (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 5094-5102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present a general theoretical formulation, based on nonequilibrium Green's functions, for nonlinear dc transport in multiprobe mesoscopic conductors. The theory is gauge invariant and is useful for the predictions of current–voltage characteristics and the nonequilibrium charge pileups inside the conductor. We have provided a detailed comparison between the gauge invariant scattering matrix theory and our theory. We have also given several examples where the I–V curve can be obtained analytically. The effects of exchange and correlation have been considered explicitly. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.371485
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phosphatase Activity Toward Abnormally Phosphorylated τ: Decrease in Alzheimer Disease Brain (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 65 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Microtubule-associated protein τ is abnormally hyperphosphorylated and aggregated in affected neurons of Alzheimer disease brain. This hyperphosphorylated τ can be dephosphorylated at some of the abnormal phosphorylated sites by purified protein phosphatase-1, 2A, and 2B in vitro. In the present study, we have developed an assay to measure protein phosphatase activity toward τ-1 sites (Ser199/Ser202) using the hyperphosphorylated τ isolated from Alzheimer disease brain as substrate. Using this assay, we have identified that in normal brain, protein phosphatase-2A and 2B and, to a lesser extent, 1 are involved in the dephosphorylation of τ. The Km values of dephosphorylation of the hyperphosphorylated τ by protein phosphatase-2A and 2B are similar. The τ phosphatase activity is decreased by ∼30% in brain of Alzheimer disease patients compared with those of age-matched controls. These findings suggest that a defect of protein phosphatase could be the cause of the abnormal hyperphosphorylation of τ in Alzheimer disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.65020732.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Finite-size effect and its temperature dependence of giant magnetoresistance in magnetic granular materials : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5587-5589 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In magnetic granular alloys such as Co-Ag, a large finite-size effect in giant magnetoresistance (GMR) has been observed as the sample thickness (t) varies. The value of GMR monotonically decreases and eventually vanishes as t approaches zero. The t range, over which the GMR value drops rapidly to zero, has been found to be weakly dependent on temperature. Our results are consistent with a picture that a strong spin-orbit interaction at surfaces is responsible for randomizing spins in different spin channels, thus reducing GMR. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362250
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficient method for calculating the transmission coefficient of two-dimensional quantum wire structures (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 4208-4210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present a very simple and efficient method for calculating the transmission coefficient of two-dimensional quantum wire structures based on the time-dependent solution of the Schrödinger equation. We apply the new method to a specific two-dimensional quantum wire structure. The new method is much faster than the finite element method and can be used to study electron transport in the presence of electron–phonon interaction and nonlinear interactions in the Schrödinger equation. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363297
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Volume effects on the magnetic properties of R2Fe17-based quasiternary compounds (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 2012-2015 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Structure and magnetic properties of the R2Fe17-based quasiternary compounds (R=Sm, Er, Gd, Y, Pr, Nd; M=Al, Ga) and their nitrides have been investigated. The saturation magnetization of R2Fe17−xMx compounds decreases with the increasing M content, while the M concentration dependence of the Curie temperature exhibits a maximum at about x=3.0 for the parent compounds. By nitrogenation the lattice parameters, the saturation magnetization, and the Curie temperature all have a corresponding increase compared with the parent alloys. The volume effects on the Curie temperature of these compounds have been studied. The d ln Tc/d ln V values were derived by comparing the change of the Curie temperature and volume before and after nitrogenation and show a linear dependence on the Curie temperatures for these systems investigated. This behavior can be quite well understood in terms of a combined model of localized and itinerant electrons suggesting more than 90% d electrons are localized, The same conclusion can be obtained from a analysis of the exchange field Hex dependence of the iron sublattice magnetization in the R2Fe17 compounds and their nitrides, and the iron proportionality constant VFe before and after nitrogenation. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361054
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonlinear quantum capacitance (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 74 (1999), S. 2887-2889 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We analyze the nonlinear voltage dependence of electrochemical capacitance for nanoscale conductors. This voltage dependence is due to the finite density of states of the conductors. Within Hartree theory we derive an exact expression for the electrochemical capacitance–voltage curve for a parallel plate system. The result suggests a quantum scanning capacitance microscopy at the nanoscale: by inverting the capacitance–voltage expression one is able to deduce the local spectral function of the nanoscale conductor. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.124047
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct determination of carrier capture times in low-dimensional semiconductor lasers: The role of quantum capture in high speed modulation (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 1585-1587 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effective carrier capture time, which limits the maximum modulation bandwidth of low-dimensional semiconductor lasers, can be determined by a simple technique as shown in this letter. For demonstration, the technique is applied to InGaAs/InGaAsP multi-quantum well, InGaAs/GaAs single quantum well and InGaAs/InGaAsP wire lasers, respectively, at low temperature (2 K). Moreover, by comparing quantum-well lasers with wire lasers, which have different packing densities of the active regions but approximately the same carrier diffusion length before capture, we found that the effective carrier capture times for these two laser types are quite different. This shows the significant role of the scale-up factor in the contribution of quantum capture time to the total effective carrier capture time, as discussed by S. C. Kan et al. [Appl. Phys. Lett. 62, 2307 (1993)]. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.117038
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polarizable point-charge model for water: Results under normal and extreme conditions (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 105 (1996), S. 4742-4750 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Molecular dynamics simulations of liquid water under normal and extreme conditions are performed using the polarizable point-charge (PPC) model. This efficient three-site model explicitly incorporates results from ab initio studies of the water molecule in applied electric fields. The structural, thermodynamic, and dielectric properties, and the self-diffusion coefficient are examined at a number of temperatures ranging from 263 to 573 K. These simulation results are compared with available experimental data along the liquid–vapor coexistence line; the agreement is very good for all properties studied. The temperature of maximum density for the PPC model is found to coincide with the experimentally observed value of 277 K. The spatial coordination of water molecules in the liquid and the anisotropy of the self-diffusion tensor are analyzed at various state points. Increased directional anisotropy in the local translational diffusion, suggestive of prenucleation phenomena, can be observed at T=263 K. Above T=473 K the local translational anisotropy becomes rather insensitive to temperature variation indicating a weakening of the correlations between water molecules. Rototranslational dynamics and nonlinear polarization effects arising in polarizable models for water are discussed along with their phenomenological implications. The dimer properties for the PPC potential are also reported. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.472313
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrafast gain-switching dynamics in 1.5 μm dynamical single-mode semiconductor lasers: 50–130 GHz high frequency self-pulsations (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 3236-3238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this letter generation of up to 130 GHz high frequency self-pulsation in ultrafast gain-switched InGaAs/InGaAsP dynamical single-mode lasers with monolithically integrated external cavities is reported. With various active cavity lengths and external cavity lengths, the dependence of the pulsation frequency on the length of the respective cavity is shown and analyzed in detail for a pulsation frequency range from 50 to 130 GHz. Theoretically, by treating the external cavity as a gain-switched laser amplifier and taking into account the coherent time-dependent amplification, shortening and reflection of an incident picosecond optical pulse in the gain-switched amplifier, we can well understand and simulate the observed high frequency self-pulsations. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.114883
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Size effect upon emission dynamics of 1.5 μm quasi-quantum wire distributed feedback semiconductor lasers (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 287-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Emission dynamics of 1.5 μm InGaAs/InGaAsP quasi-quantum wire lasers excited by ultrashort optical pulses were investigated. Wire distributed feedback lasers with different nanometer wire widths and distances between the wires, which were realized by dry-etching technique, were compared in detail. The dependence of dynamic behavior on wire width was observed. Detailed theoretical simulations show that, the improvement of dynamic response with decrease of wire width is attributed to a superlinear increase of differential gain with decrease of wire width, which counteracts the negative effects due to decrease of packing density of the active region and increase of electron relaxation time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.118035
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