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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An acoustic integration model (AIM) for assessing the impact of underwater noise on marine wildlife
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 1999
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 106, No. 4_Supplement ( 1999-10-01), p. 2250-2250
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 106, No. 4_Supplement ( 1999-10-01), p. 2250-2250
    Abstract: In recent years there has been a heightened awareness of the environmental impact of noise, especially man-made noise, on marine wildlife. The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), Executive Order 12114, The Endangered Species Act, The Marine Mammal Protection Act, and the Coastal Zone Management Act each provide for varying levels of regulation and control in protection of the environment and marine wildlife. In order to assess the environmental impact of a sound source, one must predict the sound levels that any given species will be exposed to over time in the locale of the source’s radiated field. This is a three-part process involving (1) the ability to measure or predict an animal’s location in space in time, (2) the ability to measure or predict the sound field at these times and locations, and finally, (3) integration of these two data sets so as to determine the net acoustic impact of the sound source on any specific animal. This paper describes a modeling methodology for accomplishing this task. Model inputs required to specify the acoustic environment, animal distribution and behavior, and sound source characteristics are discussed in detail. The AIM model output capabilities are described together with topical examples.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.427674
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 1999
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 219231-7
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Whale voices from the deep: Temporal patterns and signal structures as adaptations for living in an acoustic medium
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 1998
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 103, No. 5_Supplement ( 1998-05-01), p. 2957-2957
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 103, No. 5_Supplement ( 1998-05-01), p. 2957-2957
    Abstract: Whales produce long, rhythmic patterns of sounds and some sounds travel many hundreds of miles underwater. Species can be distinguished by temporal features, but there has been a history of infatuation with melodic qualities as the primary features of measurement. Temporal rates and time-bandwidth products are generally related to bathymetry and transmission properties, suggesting that signal features are adapted for communication and navigation. Pelagic species such as blue and fin whales rely on signals in the 10–30-Hz band, presumably to take advantage of the excellent low-frequency propagation properties of the deep ocean, with 10–200-s patterns of sound delivery. Examples will be presented illustrating the remarkable cadence of signal delivery and that animals retain a rhythm after minutes of silence. Shallow water species produce mid-frequency signals (50–1000 Hz) with temporal patterns on the order of seconds. These species with faster rhythms have greater signal variability covering a greater frequency range. At what level is this relationship between temporal pattern and spectral bandwidth indicative of adaptation to optimize for communication and navigation? Is temporal pattern a retained, conservative feature and spectral variability more of an embellishment by individuals to adjust to local conditions?
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.422335
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 1998
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 219231-7
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Exploring the form and function of biological sounds in shallow water from the perspective of a systems designer
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 1998
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 104, No. 3_Supplement ( 1998-09-01), p. 1826-1826
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 104, No. 3_Supplement ( 1998-09-01), p. 1826-1826
    Abstract: The potential utility of biological sounds is examined from a sonar system perspective. Evaluation of the temporal, spatial, and spectral properties of these sounds from a system designer’s view can provide significant insight as to their possible function. The broadband sonar equations for both passive and active operations are used to evaluate this functionality with special attention paid to issues of shallow water propagation as well as those sound properties that most affect signal processing; time-bandwidth product, spatial and temporal resolving characteristics, and signal repetition rate. Specific examples are used to illustrate these findings, including blue and fin whale calls recorded off the coast of Southern California, bowhead whale calls from the spring migration off the coast of Barrow, Alaska, and humpback whale sounds recorded off the island of Hawaii. The use of a systems approach to evaluating biological sounds can also provide insight into several related areas of recent interest: (1) the effects biological sounds may have on man-made systems, (2) the effect man-made sounds may have on the ability of animals to communicate as well as acoustically sense their environment, and (3) designing underwater experiments to evaluate these issues.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.423472
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 1998
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 219231-7
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Using combined acoustic tracking and visual observation techniques to study humpback whales
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 1995
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 97, No. 5_Supplement ( 1995-05-01), p. 3353-3353
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 97, No. 5_Supplement ( 1995-05-01), p. 3353-3353
    Abstract: The technique of acoustic location was combined with visual tracking and behavioral observation to study humpback whales on the winter mating grounds in Hawaii. The behavior and movements of nonvocalizing whales and singers could be studied simultaneously. Social interactions that had not been previously described were observed. These included affiliations of singers and nonsingers while the singer continued to sing. Visual tracking also allowed the comparison of visual and acoustic locations to verify the accuracy of the acoustic locations. Acoustic location allowed the simultaneous tracking of several humpback singers, and their relative distribution and orientations were examined. Results indicate that song mediates inter-singer separation and that 4 km was the preferred minimum spacing between singers off Hawaii. Humpbacks have been described as being distributed within the 100 fathom contour while on the mating grounds. However, singers were acoustically located up to 13 km offshore in water as deep at 305 fathoms. While singers are typically described as stationary, combined tracking techniques revealed singer speeds of up to 3.6 km/h. In conclusion, the combination of acoustic and visual tracking provided a more comprehensive view of humpback whale behavior and distribution than either technique separately.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.412714
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 1995
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 219231-7
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    MOLMAKER:  De Novo Generation of 3D Databases for Use in Drug Design
    American Chemical Society (ACS) ; 1996
    In:  Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences Vol. 36, No. 1 ( 1996-01-01), p. 137-145
    Details
    In: Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences, American Chemical Society (ACS), Vol. 36, No. 1 ( 1996-01-01), p. 137-145
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-2338 , 1520-5142
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1021/ci9502055
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Publication Date: 1996
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3157301-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 190019-5
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    PRO_LIGAND: An approach to de novo molecular design. 6. Flexible fitting in the design of peptides
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 1995
    In:  Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design Vol. 9, No. 5 ( 1995-10), p. 381-395
    Details
    In: Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 9, No. 5 ( 1995-10), p. 381-395
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0920-654X , 1573-4951
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/BF00123996
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 1995
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 808166-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008643-X
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    PRO_LIGAND: An approach to de novo molecular design. 1. Application to the design of organic molecules
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 1995
    In:  Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 1995-2), p. 13-32
    Details
    In: Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 1995-2), p. 13-32
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0920-654X , 1573-4951
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/BF00117275
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 1995
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 808166-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008643-X
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    PRO_LIGAND: An approach to de novo molecular design. 3. A genetic algorithm for structure refinement
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 1995
    In:  Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 1995-4), p. 139-148
    Details
    In: Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 1995-4), p. 139-148
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0920-654X , 1573-4951
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/BF00124404
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 1995
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 808166-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008643-X
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    PRO_LIGAND: An Approach to de Novo Molecular Design. 5. Tools for the Analysis of Generated Structures
    American Chemical Society (ACS) ; 1995
    In:  Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences Vol. 35, No. 5 ( 1995-09-01), p. 914-923
    Details
    In: Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences, American Chemical Society (ACS), Vol. 35, No. 5 ( 1995-09-01), p. 914-923
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-2338 , 1520-5142
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1021/ci00027a020
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Publication Date: 1995
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3157301-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 190019-5
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Geographic and seasonal variation in blue and finback whale vocalizations.
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 1996
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 99, No. 4_Supplement ( 1996-04-01), p. 2534-2574
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 99, No. 4_Supplement ( 1996-04-01), p. 2534-2574
    Abstract: The U.S. Navy maintains a network of listening arrays for detection of submarines. For several years, some of the sounds from these arrays have been made available to scientists for study of cetacean movements and vocalizations. Here the vocal behavior of blue (Balaenoptera musculus) and finback (B. physalus) whales are analyzed. These species produce long sequences of calls, lasting hours to days, that exhibit several types variation across areas of the North Atlantic and Pacific. Finback produce two commonly heard general types of calls, with other types present less frequently. Finbacks in different geographic areas exhibit variations in frequency, in intercall timing, in the mixture of call types, in patterns of calls and silences, and in other ways. Blue whales, unlike finbacks, show distinctly different vocalizations in the Atlantic and Pacific; but like finbacks, both Atlantic and Pacific whales have two principal call types, with different mixtures of the types in different areas. Differences in timing and frequency are heard in distinct areas, with certain patterns heard only in one or a few areas. [Work supported by ONR.]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.415807
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 1996
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 219231-7
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