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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fortschritte in der Impfstoffentwicklung gegen Tuberkulose (1999)
    Springer
    Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz 42 (1999), S. 706-712 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1588
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Tuberkulose ; Impfung ; BCG ; Key words Tuberculosis ; Vaccine ; BCG
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Tuberculosis is, on a global level, still one of the most important infectious diseases. Effective control of tuberculosis could probably be achieved by a combination of chemotherapy and vaccination. Although a vaccine (BCG) is available, it cannot prevent the development of tuberculosis of the lungs in adults as the most frequent disease manif- estation. The development of a new vaccine against tuberculosis therefore remains a primary goal. Because the immune defense against M. tuberculosis depends on different T-cell subpopulations, the optimal combination has to be stimulated to achieve protection. Because one third of the world population is already infected with M. tubercolosis, possibly two vaccines are needed: one therapeutic vaccine to fight an already estab- lished infection and a preventive vaccine. Currently different vaccine candidates are under development. It is still to early to predict, which may be successful.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die effektive Kontrolle der Tuberkulose, die noch immer zu den weltweit bedeutendsten Infektionskrankheiten zählt, wird am ehesten durch eine Kombination aus Chemotherapie und Impfung erreicht. Mit BCG steht zwar ein Impfstoff zur Verfügung, der jedoch den Ausbruch der Lungentuberkulose bei Erwachsenen als häufigste Erkrankungsform nicht verhindern kann. Die Entwicklung eines neuen Impfstoffs gegen Tuberkulose ist daher vorrangiges Ziel. Da die Infektabwehr von unterschiedlichen T-Zellpopulationen getragen wird, muß angestrebt werden, die für den Schutz optimale Kombination zu stimulieren. Ein Drittel der Weltbevölkerung ist mit dem Erreger bereits infiziert, so daß möglicherweise zwei Impfstoffe benötigt werden: einer zur Bekämpfung der bereits etablierten Infektion (Infektionstherapie) und ein anderer zur raschen Erregerabwehr nach Erstkontakt (Infektionsprävention). Derzeit werden unterschiedliche Impfstoffkandidaten entwickelt, deren Erfolgschancen noch schwer abzuschätzen sind.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001030050189
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of kinins on isolated stomachs of control and transgenic knockout B2 receptor mice (1998)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 357 (1998), S. 191-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Key words Mouse ; Stomach ; bradykinin ; Knockout B2 receptor ; B1 receptor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacological profile of the kinin B1 and B2 receptors in isolated stomachs from wild-type control and B2 receptor knockout mice. Isometric contractions evoked by bradykinin (BK) (9 nM) and desArg9BK (28 nM) were shown to be different. The contraction induced by desArg9BK had a longer duration than that evoked by BK and increased during incubation in vitro in stomachs of wild-type controls, while in the transgenic B2 receptor knockout mice, the contractions evoked by desArg9BK and BK were similar and followed the B1 receptor agonist pattern. BK but not the carboxypeptidase-resistant analog, [Phe8ψ(CH2-NH)Arg9]BK, was found to be active in the stomach of B2 receptor knockout mice. BK-induced contractions were prevented by mergetpa (a carboxypeptidase M inhibitor) (10 μM) and by a the B1 receptor antagonist, AcLys[DβNal7,Ile8]desArg9BK (R 715) (0.88 μM), while not being influenced by the B2 receptor antagonist HOE 140 (0.38 μM). BK and [Phe8ψ(CH2-NH)Arg9]BK were potent contractants of the wild-type mice stomach and their effects were not influenced by mergetpa or by the B1 receptor antagonist: they were reduced by HOE 140. After incubation in vitro for 3–4 hours, the tissues were treated with HOE 140 (4 μM) and FR-173657 (17 μM) to eliminate B2 receptor function. In these tissues, BK evoked a B1-like contraction which was inhibited by mergetpa (10 μM) and antagonized by R 715 (8 μM). The results indicate that BK acts primarily on B2 receptors. However, after intramural conversion to desArg9BK, activation of B1 receptors of the mice stomach occurs. In the tissues of B2 receptor knockout mice, BK behaves as a pure B1 receptor agonist while in stomachs of control animals, the B2 receptor contribution is overwhelming. After complete blockade of the B2 receptor, BK is able to evoke B1-mediated responses similar to those observed in tissues of B2 receptor knockout mice. It is concluded that the disruption of the B2 receptor gene eliminates the B2 receptor without influencing the B1 receptor system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005157
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pregnancy in women with congenital heart defects (1999)
    Springer
    Der Gynäkologe 32 (1999), S. 377-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0393
    Keywords: Key words Pregnancy • Delivery • Adult congenital ; heart disease ; Schlüsselwörter Schwangerschaft • Angeborene Herzfehler • Erwachsene • Entbindung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Prognose angeborener Herzfehler hat sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten dramatisch verbessert. Gleichzeitig hat auch die Zahl von Frauen, die mit einem angeborenen Herzfehler schwanger werden, so stark zugenommen, daß diese inzwischen 30–50 % aller kardialen Erkrankungen bei Schwangeren ausmachen. Die Mehrzahl der Patientinnen mit angeborenen Herzfehlern hat eine oder mehrere Korrekturoperationen überstanden. Angeborene Herzfehler in ihrer nativen Form, kommen wesentlicher seltener vor. Während der Schwangerschaft kommt es zu Umstellungsreaktionen, die – in Abhängigkeit vom zugrundeliegenden Herzfehler – die Hämodynamik in unterschiedlicher Weise beeinflussen. Die veränderte Hämodynamik muß für jeden Herzfehler gesondert abgeschätzt werden und erfordert eine individuelle Betreuung der Patientinnen. Probleme betreffen die Auswirkung der Schwangerschaft auf die Grunderkrankung, sowie die Auswirkung der Grunderkrankung auf den Schwangerschaftsverlauf und den Fetus. Die Schwangerenberatung beinhaltet Informationen über genetische Risiken, potentiell teratogene Substanzen, Schwangerschaftsverlauf, Entbindung und postpartale Nachsorge. Heutzutage können die meisten Patientinnen mit angeborenen Herzfehlern eine Schwangerschaft gut bewältigen, wenn eine enge Kooperation zwischen Kardiologen und Gynäkologen gewährleistet ist.
    Notes: Summary Because of advances in medical treatment and surgical management the number of adolescent females with congenital heart disease increased significantly during the last decade. On the other hand, the incidence of rheumatic heart disease, which accounted for the largest number of pregnant women with heart disease in the past, has declined over the years. Pregnancy is associated with a lot of physiological adjustments, such as changes in blood volume, stroke volume and cardiac output and may result in deleterious clinical effects in patients with congenital heart disease. Although a good outcome for these woman can often be expected, congenital heart disease still represents a high-risk pregnancy for both mother and infant. The actual risk depends on the type of malformation and functional impairment of the mother. To accompany these women safely through pregnency, good cooperation between pediatric and adult cardiologists, obstetrician and other physicians is necessary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00003243
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The age of the Kagenfels granite (northern Vosges) and its bearing on the intrusion scheme of late Variscan granitoids (1995)
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 84 (1995), S. 568-577 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Keywords: Age dating ; Vosges mountains ; Variscan orogeny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract In the Saxothuringian part of the Vosges (France), a first series of Variscan plutonic rocks (diorites to granites) has been intruded by several younger granites. Rocks of both the older generations have been cross-cut by the late orogenic Kagenfels granite. The averages of the hitherto published mineral ages of the earlier rock generations are 331 and 334 Ma, respectively, whereas Rb-Sr and K-Ar dates around 290 Ma have been reported for the Kagenfels granite. Because of the unlikely large age hiatus, a redetermination of the intrusion age of the Kagenfels granite formation appeared to be irrevocable. The newly obtained mineral ages on the Kagenfels granite (K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar biotite ages as well as single zircon radiogenic 207Pb/206Pb data: 331 ± 5 Ma) are about 40 Ma older than the previous results. They are interpreted as giving the time of emplacement of the Kagenfels granite during the latest Visćan. The mineral ages of the earlier plutonic rocks in this part of the Variscan Orogeny in all probability are not significantly different from their ages of intrusion. Therefore the age concordance of all three granitoid generations constrains a rather narrow time interval of orogenic magmatism close to the Lower-Upper Carboniferous boundary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00284521
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subduction-related Jurassic andesites in the northern Great Caucasus (1995)
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 84 (1995), S. 319-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Keywords: Andesites ; Plate tectonics ; Great Caucasus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract During the Jurassic the major tectonic units of the Great Caucasus (Bechasyn, Front Range, Main Range and Southern Slope zone) were affected by intensive magmatic activity. Magmatism within the Bechasyn zone, the northernmost unit, which represents the southern part of the Variscan-consolidated Skythian platform is considered here. With the beginning of the Early Jurassic this zone was reactivated by subsidence, accompanied by the deposition of epicontinental shallow water sediments. The Lower Jurassic portion of this sedimentary pile was intruded by numerous sills which display a clear temporal and spatial evolution. The older basic rocks are lower in the profile than the younger, more acidic rocks. A set of 75 samples, representing all exposed sills and their feeder-dikes, was analyzed for major and 21 trace elements. All samples appear more or less affected by alteration under lower greenschist facies conditions. However, these alterations essentially took place on local scales and did not affect the overall chemistry. According to their main element composition the rocks constitute a calc-alkaline series ranging from basaltic—andesitic to rhyolitic. Most of the samples are andesites. Chemically, these andesites closely resemble modern orogenic andesites occurring at convergent plate margins. Altogether, the field evidence and the chemical and mineralogical data obtained show the investigated rocks to be comagmatic and derived from basalt—andesitic initial melts by magmatic fractionation processes. Tholeiitic melts have to be considered as parental magmas, which according to the trace element characteristics of the basalt-andesitic rocks, were generated from an enriched peridotitic mantle source. 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios and σ18O values confirm the mantle origin of this rock series. The observed compositional evolution can be explained as a result of olivine and clinopyroxene fractionation of the tholeitic melts followed by amphibole and plagioclase separation. 40Ar/39Ar measurements on biotite and plagioclase phenocrysts separated from these rocks vary between 190 and 180 Ma and thereby place the magmatic activity in the late Early Jurassic, in good agreement with the stratigraphic observations. Genetically, the calc-alkaline rocks are related to a subduction zone of the Andean type. Their chemical and isotopic compositions and their age setting corroborate the plate tectonic models for the evolution of the Caucasus orogenic belt during the Jurassic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00260443
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The gene cluster inlC2DE of Listeria monocytogenes contains additional new internalin genes and is important for virulence in mice (1998)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 260 (1998), S. 144-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key wordsListeria monocytogenes inlGHE locus ; inlC2DE locus ; internalin multigene family ; leucine-rich repeat (LRR) proteins ; Listeria virulence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In this work we identified and characterized a gene cluster containing three internalin genes of Listeria monocytogenes EGD. These genes, termed inlG, inlH and inlE, encode proteins of 490, 548 and 499 amino acids, respectively, which belong to the family of large, cell wall-bound internalins. The inlGHE gene cluster is flanked by two listerial house-keeping genes encoding proteins homologous to the 6-phospho-β-glucosidase and the succinyl-diaminopimelate desuccinylase of E. coli. A similar internalin gene cluster, inlC2DE, localised to the same position on the L. monocytogenes EGD chromosome was recently described in a different isolate (Dramsi S, Dehoux P, Lebrun M, Goossens PL, Cossart P (1997) Infect Immun 65: 1615–1625). Sequence comparison of the two inl gene clusters indicates that inlG is a new internalin gene, while inlH was generated by a site-specific recombination, leading to an in-frame deletion which removed the 3′-terminal end of inlC2 and the 5′-terminal part of inlD. The third gene of the inlGHE cluster, inlE, is almost identical to the previously reported inlE gene. Our data show that the inlGHE gene cluster is probably transcribed from a major PrfA- independent promoter located upstream of inlG. PCR analysis revealed the presence of the newly identified inl genes inlG and inlH in most L. monocytogenes isolates tested. A mutant which has lost inlG, inlH and inlE by an in-frame deletion exhibited, after oral infection of mice, a significant loss in virulence and shows drastically reduced numbers of viable bacteria in both liver and spleen when compared to the wild-type strain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380050880
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Embryogenic Competence of Immature Wheat Embryos: Genotype, Donor Plant Environment, and Endogenous Hormone Levels (1998)
    Springer
    Crop science 38 (1998), S. 249-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-0653
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Triticum aestivum L.) embryos and levels of endogenous hormones in kernels. We studied relationships between embryogenic competence and hormone levels in kernels and calli of PCYT 10 (highly competent) and Yaqui 50 (nearly incompetent) wheat grown at 15 and 25°C. Endogenous levels of abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and six cytokinins were determined for kernels at 0, 4, 8, and 12 d past anthesis (DPA). Immature embryos were cultured at 12 DPA and hormone content of calli was determined at 7, 14, 21, and 28 d past culture initiation (DPI). Somatic embryos were counted at 28 DPI. Embryogenic competence was associated with low IAA and ABA levels in kernels from 0 to 12 DPA, high zeatin to IAA ratios in kernels at 4 DPA, and high cytokinin to auxin ratios in calli. Incompetence in Yaqui 50 may be due to low cytokinin to auxin ratios in kernels at 4 DPA and sharp increases in kernel IAA and/or ABA levels prior to embryo excision (12 DPA). Low temperature during donor plant growth delayed the rise in IAA and ABA in Yaqui 50 kernels and significantly increased the embryogenic response from both Yaqui 50 and PCYT 10 embryos. It may be possible to increase competence of nearly nonembryogenic wheat lines by growing donor plants in cool conditions, which appear to delay the accumulation of IAA and ABA in kernels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Katheterinterventioneller Verschluß des Vorhofseptumdefektes vom Sekundumtyp – Erfahrungen mit “CardioSeal” und “Angel Wings” (1999)
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Kardiologie 88 (1999), S. 1015-1022 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1285
    Keywords: Key words Atrium septum defect – catheter occlusion – CardioSeal – Angel Wings ; Schlüsselwörter Vorhofseptumdefekt – interventioneller Verschluß– CardioSeal – Angel Wings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zwischen Juli 1996 und Juli 1998 wurden bei 34 Patienten (weiblich n = 16, männlich n = 18) im medianen Alter von 7.9 Jahren (2,5–54,6), einem Gewicht von 23,1 kg (9–97) ein katheterinterventioneller Vorhofseptumsdefektverschluß (ASDO) mit zwei Okklusionssystemen (“Angel Wings” n = 9, “CardioSeal” n = 25) unternommen. 30 Patienten hatten einen hämodynamisch wirksamen Vorhofseptumdefekt vom Sekundumtyp (ASD II), 3 ein offenens Foramen ovale mit paradoxer zerebraler Embolie und ein Patient einen Rest ASD nach korrigierender Herz-OP bei unterbrochenem Aortenbogen Typ B. Bei 31/34 Patienten (91%) gelang die ASDO problemlos. Drei Systeme mußten entfernt werden (chirurgisch n = 1, katheterinterventionell n = 2). Die Defekte hatten einen Durchmesser von median 11,9 mm (6–16), der Ballonokklusionsdurchmesser betrug median 15 mm (9–20), der Links-rechts-Shunt betrug median 40% (6–64%). Bei 5/31 Patienten (16%) wurde noch ein minimaler Links-rechts-Shunt diagnostiziert. Bei gut selektionierten Patienten kann die interventionelle ASDO eine gute Alternative zur operativen Therapie sein.
    Notes: Summary Between July 1996 and July 1998, 34 patients (female n = 16, male n = 18) were scheduled for catheter – interventional occlusion (ASDO) of an atrium septum defect of secundum type (ASD II). Median age was 7.9 years (2.5–54.6), weight 23.1 kg (9–97). 9 defects were closed with “Angel Wings” (AW) and 25 ASD occlusions were attempted with “CardioSeal” (CS). 30 patients had simple ASD II, 3 persisting foramen ovale with suspected paradoxal cerebral embolitation and 1 significant residual shunt at atrial level after corrective heart surgery for interrupted aortic arch type B. ASDO was successful in 31/34 cases (91%). One CS was removed surgically due to significant left to right shunt after release and two CS devices were withdrawn back into the sheath. Median ASD diameter was 11.9 mm (6–16), balloon occlusive diameter was 15 mm (6–20) and median left to right shunt was 40% (6–64%). On follow up minimal left to right shunt was seen in 5/31 patients (16%). In selected patients catheter – interventional ASDO may be a good alternative to surgical ASD closure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003920050384
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