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  • Springer  (32)
  • Freiburg : Techn. Univ., Inst. für Experimentelle Physik
  • 1995-1999  (32)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Lebensqualität ; Metaanalyse ; Depressive ; Schizophrene ; Facettenanalyse ; Modulares System ; Key words Quality of life ; Metaanalysis ; Depression ; Schizophrenia ; Facet analysis ; Modular system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The construct Quality of Life (QoL) is investigated by metaanalysis of eight (inter)nationally validated questionnaires in a multicenter study. Data have been collected in a mentally healthy (n=479), a depressed (n=171) and a schizophrenic (n=139) sample. Conventional psychometric criteria and a facet analytical methodology have been applied. The resulting questionnaire „Modular System for Quality of Life” (MSQoL) consists of a core module with 47 items (one „G-factor” and six subdimensions), which is sufficiently valid for all three samples. Additionally, there are four specific modules (demography, family, partnership, profession). No specific modules can be identified for the psychopathological subgroups. The validated radex structure for subjective QoL offers the opportunity for a cumulative research design and for adaptations to the actual setting.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In einer von der Arbeitsgruppe „Lebensqualität (LQ)” der „Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Methodik und Dokumentation in der Psychiatrie” (AMDP) unterstützten multizentrischen Studie wird das Konstrukt Lebensqualität (LQ) anhand von acht (inter)national validierten Erhebungsinstrumenten sowie einer gesunden (n=479), einer depressiven (n=171) und einer schizophrenen (n=139) Stichprobe metaanalytisch untersucht. Neben herkömmlichen psychometrischen Kriterien liegt der methodische Schwerpunkt dabei auf einem facettenanalytischen Vorgehen. Der resultierende Fragebogen „Modulares System zur Lebensqualität” (MSLQ) besteht aus einem für alle 3 Stichproben hinreichend validen Kernmodul mit 47 Items (ein „G-Faktor” und 6 Subdimensionen) sowie 4 spezifischen Modulen (Demographie, Familie, Partnerschaft, Beruf). Für die psychopathologischen Subgruppen lassen sich keine spezifischen Module etablieren. Die validierte Struktur der subjektiv eingeschätzten Lebensqualität (in Form einer facettenanalytischen Radexkonstellation) bietet die Möglichkeit zu einer kumulativ angelegten Forschung und einer untersuchungsspezifischen Anpassung des MSLQ.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Wahn ; Wahnentstehung ; Urteilsverhalten ; Key words Delusion ; Origin of delusion ; Decision making
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Delusion as a phenomenon was always in the focus of psychiatric interest. Explanations for its origin reach from disturbed perception or affect to deficits in cognition. In our study we investigated 20 deluded, 20 depressive and 20 healthy subjects in order to find out differences in decision making, while a neutral test situation. Our hypothesis was that deluded subjects need less information for decision making and tend less to change their decision, made before, than both control groups will do this. For examination our hypothesis a modified version of “Probabilistic Inference Task” by Philips and Edwards was performed. In summary we found that deluded subjects need less information for decisions making than the control groups. Furthermore, decision making of deluded subjects seems more impulsive and less referring to formal logical criteria than it was found in depressed and healthy volunteers.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das Phänomen Wahn steht seit jeher im Zentrum des psychiatrischen Interesses. Die in der Vielzahl von Hypothesen zur Wahnentstehung diskutierten Ursachen reichen von Störungen der Wahrnehmung oder des Affektes bis hin zu kognitiven Störungen. In unserer Untersuchung mit 20 wahnhaften, 20 depressiven und 20 gesunden Probanden gingen wir der Frage nach, ob sich zwischen den drei genannten Gruppen Unterschiede im Urteilsverhalten während einer neutralen Testsituation aufzeigen lassen. Unsere Hypothese dabei war, daß wahnhafte Probanden zur Urteilsbildung deutlich weniger Information heranziehen und an ihren einmal gefällten Urteilen rigider festhalten, als dies bei einer gesunden und depressiven Kontrollgruppe der Fall ist. Zur Überprüfung der Hypothesen wurde eine modifizierte Version des “Probabilistic Inference Task” von Philips and Edwards eingesetzt. Zusammenfassend zeigte sich, daß die Gruppe der wahnhaften Probanden zur Entscheidungsfindung signifikant weniger Informationen als die beiden Kontrollgruppen benötigte. Das Urteilsverhalten insgesamt erschien bei den wahnhaften Probanden deutlich impulsiver und weniger auf formallogisch nachvollziehbaren Kriterien beruhend als dies in den beiden anderen Probandengruppen der Fall war.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Anaesthesist 48 (1999), S. 507-518 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Postoperatives Delir ; Postoperative psychiatrische Störungen ; Therapie ; Prophylaxe ; Key words Postoperative delirium ; Postoperative psychiatric disturbance ; Treatment ; Prophylaxis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract After surgical operations delirium can occur as a serious and possible lethal complication in about 5–15% of patients. Additionally, risk factors such as old age, polymedication, organic and psychiatric diseases raise the incidence. After open-heart- and orthopedic surgery more than half of the patients are affected. Delirium has negative effects on postoperative mobilization and reconvalescence and prolongs treatment on the ward. It is discussed in the literature that delirium may induce dementia in older patients. The correction of metabolic- and electrolyte imbalances, as well as the therapy of neurologic and psychiatric diseases, belongs to prophylactic treatment. Environmental conditions which facilitate reorientation of the patient after operation have beneficial effects. Some success has been achieved by using the nootropic substance piracetam as a prophylactic. In acute treatment, the butyrophenon-neuroleptic haloperidol is the drug of choice. In delirium caused by intoxication with anticholinergic agents, physostigmin is indicated. Benzodiazepines, clonidine and clomethiazole are used in particular for the treatment of withdrawal delirium.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Nach operativen Eingriffen kommt es bei 5 bis 15% der Patienten zu einem Delir, welches eine ernste und potentiell tödliche Komplikation darstellt. Bei zusätzlich bestehenden Risikofaktoren wie hohem Alter, medikamentöser Mehrfachtherapie, somatischen und psychiatrischen Störungen findet sich eine noch wesentlich höhere Inzidenz. Bei Operationen am offenen Herzen und orthopädischen Eingriffen sind über die Hälfte der Patienten betroffen. Das Delir beeinträchtigt die postoperative Mobilisierung und Rekonvaleszenz der Patienten und führt zur Verlängerung des stationären Aufenthalts. Die Gefahr einer dementiellen Entwicklung als Spätfolge des Delir bei älteren Patienten wird in der Literatur diskutiert. Zu den Maßnahmen der Prophylaxe zählen die Behandlung von metabolischen Entgleisungen, Ausgleich von Elektrolytstörungen und Therapie von neurologischen und psychiatrischen Erkrankungen. Verhaltensmaßnahmen, die die Orientierung des Patienten nach der Operation erleichtern, haben eine günstige Wirkung. Erfolge wurden durch die prophylaktische Verabreichung des Nootropikums Piracetam berichtet. In der Akutbehandlung ist das Butyrophenon-Neuroleptikum Haloperidol Mittel der Wahl zur Sedierung. Bei Delirien auf der Grundlage einer Intoxikation mit anticholinerg wirkenden Pharmaka ist Physostigmin indiziert. Benzodiazepine, Clonidin und Clomethiazol kommen v.a. bei der Behandlung des Entzugsdelir zum Einsatz.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Herz-, Thorax- und Gefässchirurgie 13 (1999), S. 139-146 
    ISSN: 0930-9225
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Antikoagulantien – Phenprocoumon – Antidepressiva – Arzneimittelinteraktion ; Key words Anticoagulation – phenprocoumon – antidepressants – drug-drug interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A potential impact of tricyclic antidepressants on oral anticoagulation is controversial. Phenprocoumon – the most commonly used anticoagulant in Germany – is rarely considered in clinical trials. In the present study, a potential drug-drug interaction between phenprocoumon and tricyclics, causing an alteration in prothrombinemic effects, has been investigated. In eleven patients simultaneously receiving tricyclic antidepressants and phenprocoumon the course of Quick values and the phenprocoumon dosages were compared to a control group of eleven phenprocoumon treated patients not receiving tricyclics. Quick value deviations from the individually required therapeutic ranges 〉25%, as well as frequent changes in the phenprocoumon dosages were indicators of an inconstant oral anticoagulation and a possible interaction. The results showed unstable prothrombinemic effects throughout tricyclic antidepressant therapy. The average Quick value deviation amounted to 68.7% in the patients group and to 13.1% in the control group. Additionally, there was an average change in phenprocoumon dosage of 0.6 in the patients group and of 0.2 in the control group. Further controlled studies are certainly warranted to specifically answer the question of a clinically relevant drug-drug interaction.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine mögliche Beeinflussung der Antikoagulanzientherapie durch trizyklische Antidepressiva wird bislang unterschiedlich bewertet. Vor allem das in Deutschland therapeutisch eingesetzte Antikoagulanz Phenprocoumon bleibt bei Untersuchungen nahezu unberücksichtigt. Die vorliegende retrospektive Studie wurde unter der Fragestellung einer potentiellen Arzneimittelinteraktion zwischen Phenprocoumon und Trizyklika durchgeführt. Bei 11 gleichzeitig mit Trizyklika und Phenprocoumon behandelten Patienten und 11 antikoagulierten Kontrollen ohne antidepressive Therapie erfolgte eine Gegenüberstellung von Quickwertverlauf und Phenprocoumondosis während und außerhalb trizyklischer Therapie. Quickwertabweichungen vom therapeutischen Bereich 〉25% und häufige Phenprocoumon-Dosiswechsel galten als Zeichen einer instabilen Antikoagulation und einer zugrundeliegenden Interaktion. Sowohl im intraindividuellen Patientenvergleich wie auch in der Gegenüberstellung von Patienten- und Kontrollkollektiv wurde eine instabile Phenprocoumonwirkung unter Trizyklikatherapie gezeigt. Die mittlere Quickwertabweichung [mQWA] betrug im Patientenkollektiv 68,7%, im Kontrollkollektiv 13,1%. Für das Patientenkollektiv wurde eine mittlere Dosiswechselzahl [mDWZ] von 0,6 errechnet. Im Kontrollkollektiv lag die mDWZ bei 0,2. Inwiefern unsere Beobachtungen als Indikator einer potentiellen Arzneimittelinteraktion gelten können, ist in diesem Rahmen nicht abschließend zu beurteilen. Zur endgültigen Abklärung der Fragestellung erscheint die Durchführung prospektiver Studien angezeigt.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Complex I deficiency ; Polyvitamin therapy ; Dichloroacetate therapy ; Polyneuropathy ; Thiamine administration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A therapeutic trial with polyvitamins and dichloroacetate (DCA) in combination with thiamine in a 13-year-old girl with complex I deficiency is reported. The polyvitamin therapy included thiamine, riboflavin, ascorbate, coenzyme Q 10 and carnitine. This therapeutic regine was used over a period of 17 months without any effect. Although DCA lowered the lactate concentration in blood and CNS — measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy — no clinical benefit was achieved. After 20 weeks of DCA therapy a distal polyneuropathy with areflexia developed although 100 mg thiamine daily as comedication was given from the beginning of DCA therapy. Nerve conduction velocity of the peroneal nerve was not detectable, sensible evoked potentials of the tibialis posterious nerve were normal. This side-effect resolved completely within 6 months after omission of DCA. Our observation suggests a direct toxic effect of DCA only on the peripheral nervous system in our patient since several cerebral MRI and magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies showed no abnormalities. Conclusion DCA lowers the lactate concentration in children with complex I deficiency of the respiratory chain in a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight without clinical benefit. Reversible peripheral polyneuropathy may develop under DCA therapy despite thiamine medication.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: MR imaging ; Turbo inversion recovery ; Brain ; Growth and development ; Myelin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The aim of our work was to determine the efficacy of turbo inversion recovery spin echo (TIRSE) pulse sequences in differentiating patients with normal and abnormal myelination. Twenty neurological normal children (aged 5 months to 12 years) as well as 65 children presenting clinically with neurologic developmental deficits (aged 2 months to 10 years) were examined using TIRSE, T1-weighted SE, and T2-weighted turbo SE pulse sequences. Contrast-to-noise-ratio (CNR) between myelinated white and gray matter was compared for the different pulse sequences. In addition, two readers analyzed all images qualitatively by consensus. The CNR values were significantly higher on TIRSE images as compared with conventional images (p 〈 0.05). Forty-two neurologically abnormal patients displayed a normal myelination on all sequences, whereas 23 showed an abnormal myelination. The TIRSE sequence provided a sensitive and specific depiction of an abnormal myelination in all of these patients. The TIRSE sequence provided additional information to conventional pulse sequences in determining myelination disorders in children, especially in children older than 2 years.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 68.55; 07.85; 61.70
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 70 (1995), S. 311-329 
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: Mathematics Subject Classification (1991): 12D10, 26D10, 30C15, 65H10, 65H15
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary. The eigenproblem method calculates the solutions of systems of polynomial equations $ f_1(x_1, \ldots , x_s)=0,\ldots,f_m(x_1, \ldots , x_s)=0$ . It consists in fixing a suitable polynomial $ f $ and in considering the matrix $ A_f $ corresponding to the mapping $ [p] \mapsto [f\cdot p] $ where the equivalence classes are modulo the ideal generated by $ f_1, \ldots , f_m.$ The eigenspaces contain vectors, from which all solutions of the system can be read off. This access was investigated in [1] and [16] mainly for the case that $ A_f is nonderogatory. In the present paper, we study the case where $ f_1, \ldots , f_m $ have multiple zeros in common. We establish a kind of Jordan decomposition of $ A_f $ reflecting the multiplicity structure, and describe the conditions under which $ A_f $ is nonderogatory. The algorithmic analysis of the eigenproblem in the general case is indicated.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1364-6753
    Keywords: Key words Alzheimer disease ; Amyloid plaques ; APOE gene ; Dementia ; Neurofibrillary tangles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: ABSTRACT Alois Alzheimer published two papers on the disease which was named after him by Emil Kraepelin in 1910. Each of these papers contains clinical and pathological data on a patient Alzheimer had seen at the hospital. We have previously reported on the rediscovery of tissue sections from Alzheimer's second published case of Alzheimer disease, Johann F., which probably gave the disease its name (Neurogenetics 1997; 1 : 73–80). Here, we describe the histopathology and APOE genotype of Alois Alzheimer's first patient, Auguste D. As in the case of Johann F., a large number of tissue sections belonging to Alzheimer's laboratory, which was later headed by Spielmeyer, were found among material kept at the Institute of Neuropathology of the University of Munich. As described by Alzheimer in his original report (Allg Zeitschr Psychiatr 1907; 64 : 146–148), there were numerous neurofibrillary tangles and many amyloid plaques, especially in the upper cortical layers of this patient. Yet, there was no microscopic evidence for vascular, i.e., arteriosclerotic, lesions. Interestingly, Alzheimer's histological preparations did not include the hippocampus or entorhinal region. The APOE genotype of this patient was shown to be ε3/ε3 by PCR-based restriction enzyme analysis, indicating that mutational screening of the tissue is feasible. The historical importance of the case of Auguste D. lies in the fact that it marks the beginning of research into Alzheimer disease. In addition, neurofibrillary tangles were first described in this brain.
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