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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen des menschlichen vomeronasalen Organs (1998)
    Springer
    HNO 46 (1998), S. 502-506 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Menschliches vomeronasales Organ ; Feinstruktur ; Sinnesepithel ; Funktionelle Gesichtspunkte ; Key words Human vomeronasal organ ; Fine structure ; Chemosensory epithelium ; Functional aspects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The vomeronasal organ, or Jacobson’s organ, is essential for pheromone detection and reproductive behavior in most mammals. In humans, it has been described as a blind diverticulum in the anterior nasal septum, but without a documented function. The purpose of this study is to describe the fine structure of the human adult vomeronasal organ in 14 specimens. Our studies showed a duct-like invagination of the epithelium that was surrounded by numerous exocrine glands with short ducts. The fine structure of these glands suggested a serous secretion. In the depth of the invagination, pseudostratified columnar epithelial cells were seen that had plump processes, kinocilia and microvilli at the apical cell membrane. Several cell types were seen that differed regarding their organelles and electron density, with light sensory cells exhibiting neurofilaments. Underneath the typical basement membrane, numerous myelinated and unmyelinated axons were present in the very vascular lamina proprion. These morphological findings are unique in the human body and suggest that a chemosensory epithelium corresponding to a vomeronasal organ may exist. Its central connections and the possible functional significance of this tubed organ for pheromone detection are unknown and need further study.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das vomeronasale oder Jacobson-Organ (VNO) ist bei den meisten Mammalia unentbehrlich für die Reaktion auf Pheromone und das Paarungsverhalten. Beim Menschen wurde das VNO als winziger, paariger Blindschlauch an der vorderen Nasenscheidewand ohne dokumentierte Funktion beschrieben. Wir untersuchten mit dem Transmissionselektronenmikroskop die Feinstruktur des VNO bei 14 erwachsenen Menschen. Die kanalartige Einsenkung des Oberflächenepithels ist von zahlreichen exokrinen Drüsen umgeben; ihr feinstrukturelles Bild spricht für einen serösen Typ der Sekretion im Sinne von Spüldrüsen. Am Ende der Einstülpung ändert das Epithel die Morphologie von einem niedrigen Zylinderepithel zu einem hochprismatischen Epithel mit plumpen Fortsätzen, Kinozilien und Mikrovilli an der apikalen Zellmembran. Die verschiedenen Zelltypen unterscheiden sich hinsichtlich Organellenausstattung und Elektronendichte. Unter der typischen Basalmembran in der stark vaskularisierten Lamina propria finden sich zahlreiche markhaltige und marklose Nerven. Diese im menschlichen Körper einzigartigen morphologischen Befunde lassen vermuten, daß ein funktionsfähiges Sinnesepithel im Sinne eines VNO vorhanden ist; seine möglichen zentralen Verbindungen zum Hypothalamus sowie eine funktionelle Bedeutung für die Reaktion auf Pheromone sind nicht bekannt und erfordern weitere Untersuchungen. Klinisch und medikolegal signifikant kann die Erhaltung dieses vielleicht 6. Sinnesorgans bei funktionserhaltenden endonasalen Operationen sein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001060050258
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Magnesium Deficiency on Magnesium and Calcium Content in Bone and Cartilage in Developing Rats in Correlation to Chondrotoxicity (1997)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 61 (1997), S. 230 -238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words:Magnesium — Calcium — Bone — Cartilage — Quinolones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Quinolone-induced arthropathy has been described in juvenile rats between 3 and 6 weeks of age, but not in adult rats. The mechanism of this chondrotoxic effect is probably related to the Mg2+-chelating properties of the drugs, since identical cartilage lesions were observed in magnesium-deficient juvenile rats without quinolone treatment. However, the reasons for the phase-specificity of the effect are unknown. In the present study, we fed a magnesium-deficient diet to Wistar rats at different postnatal developmental stages. Cartilage lesions were only observed in magnesium-deficient rats between 3 and 5 weeks of age, but not in rats receiving the magnesium-deficient diet during weeks 5 to 8, weeks 8 to 11, or months 15 to 16. The formation of cartilage lesions was not related to the magnesium concentration in plasma, since magnesium concentrations in plasma were similarly reduced in rats with and without cartilage lesions. However, chondrotoxicity correlated with magnesium content in articular cartilage. In articular cartilage (articular and epiphyseal cartilage in immature rats) and bone, magnesium content was more reduced in rats receiving the magnesium-deficient diet between 3 and 5 weeks of age as compared with rats receiving the magnesium-deficient diet during weeks 8 to 11 postnatally. It was not possible to reduce the magnesium content in bone tissue of 15-month-old Wistar rats, which suggests a lower magnesium turnover in aged rats. Magnesium content in epiphyseal cartilage of 2-week-old rats (total femoral head) was 41.9 ± 16.9 mmol/kg dry weight. The magnesium content in joint hyaline cartilage was significantly lower in 4-week-old rats (19.5 ± 3.6 mmol/kg dry weight) and increased subsequently again to 48.5 ± 9.2 mmol/kg dry weight (mean ± SD; n= 8 to 16). Increase of the magnesium content in femoral bone between weeks 4 and 6 postnatally was less pronounced (139 ± 10 and 175 ± 15 mmol/kg dry weight, respectively). Taken together, these data show that in 4-week-old rats, magnesium concentration in joint hyaline cartilage is significantly lower than at other times during postnatal development. Only at this developmental stage can cartilage lesions be induced by feeding rats a magnesium-deficient diet. This period correlates well with the sensitive phase of immature rats toward the chondrotoxic action of quinolones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900328
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Integrins on joint cartilage chondrocytes and alterations by ofloxacin or magnesium deficiency in immature rats (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 70 (1996), S. 261-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Key words Quinolone-induced arthropathy ; Magnesium deficiency ; Joint cartilage ; Integrin expression ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Recently, we showed that magnesium deficiency induces lesions in knee joint cartilage from 5-week-old rats that are very similar to ofloxacin-induced cartilage defects. We concluded that quinolone-induced arthropathy is probably due to chelation of magnesium and thus a deficit in functionally available magnesium in joint cartilage (Stahlmann et al. 1995). As magnesium deficiency in joint cartilage could impair chondrocyte-matrix interaction which is mediated by cation-dependent integrin receptors of the β1-subfamily, we investigated integrin expression in joint cartilage from untreated, ofloxacin-treated and magnesium-deficient Wistar rats. With immunohistochemical methods using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, we showed that the integrin pattern in joint cartilage from rats corresponded largely to integrin expression described for human cartilage tissue: β1, α1, α3 and αν subunits and the α5β1 and ανβ3 heterodimers were consistently expressed. Joint cartilage lesions were detected in ofloxacin-treated and magnesium-deficient rats. Lesions were more pronounced in the quinolone-treated group. Expression of several integrins was reduced in the vicinity of lesions after oral treatment with 2 × 600 mg ofloxacin/kg for 1 day. Gross-structural lesions (e. g., cleft formation, unmasked collagen fibres) in magnesium-deficient rats were very similar but changes in integrin expression were less pronounced. On the other hand, changes in cartilage matrix composition showed similar alterations in ofloxacin-treated and magnesium-deficient rats: fibronectin deposition in the cartilage matrix increased in both groups while glycosaminoglycan content decreased. In summary, similar defects occur in ofloxacin-treated and magnesium-deficient rats and with immunohistochemical methods subtle differences are demonstrable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002040050272
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quinolone-induced arthropathy: exposure of magnesium-deficient aged rats or immature rats, mineral concentrations in target tissues and pharmacokinetics (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 72 (1997), S. 26-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Key words Quinolones ; Magnesium ; Arthropathy ; Rats ; Ofloxacin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Quinolone treatment or magnesium deficiency induce identical cartilage lesions in juvenile rats and show additive arthropathogenic effects. It has been shown previously that neither condition is arthropathogenic in 8-week-old rats. Joint cartilage from aged individuals is rather prone to pathological alterations but information on prolonged quinolone treatment and/or dietarily induced magnesium deficiency in aged animals is not available. We treated magnesium-deficient (n = 9) aged Wistar rats (age 15 months) and age-matched controls with daily doses of 600 mg ofloxacin/kg body wt. by gastric intubation for 28 days. Further groups of magnesium-deficient and control rats (n = 9 and n = 10, respectively) received the vehicle only. Peak plasma concentrations of ofloxacin in adult rats were 20.5 ± 5.6 mg/l (mean ± SD) following treatment with a single dose of 600 mg/kg body wt. At the end of the experiment the degree of magnesium deficiency was most pronounced in plasma (Mg2+-def., 0.33 ± 0.12 mmol/l; control, 0.97 ± 0.08 mmol/l) and less pronounced in sternal cartilage (Mg2+-def., 10.8 ± 3.6 mmol/kg dry wt; control, 13.3 ± 2.8 mmol/kg dry wt), whereas the magnesium concentration in femoral bone remained unchanged (Mg2+-def., 201 ± 13 mmol/kg dry wt; control, 204 ± 11 mmol/kg dry wt). Histological investigation of the knee joints revealed no cartilage lesions following ofloxacin treatment, magnesium deficiency or a combination of both conditions. By contrast, cartilage lesions such as scars and erosions of the joint surface, chondrocyte clusters within acellular areas of the cartilage matrix and persisting clefts were detectable in knee joints from 7 of 10 adult rats (age 9 months) which had been treated with 4 × 600 mg fleroxacin/kg body wt. at 5 weeks of age. Mean plasma concentration of fleroxacin in juvenile rats was approx. 50 mg/l between 1.5 and 6 h after dosing and the drug was still detectable in plasma 48 h after dosing (0.4 ± 0.1 mg/l). Our data indicate that joint cartilage in aged rats is not altered by a 4-week quinolone treatment, even during magnesium deficiency. Cartilage lesions in adult rats were only detectable if the animals had been treated during the sensitive phase at 5 weeks postnatally.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002040050464
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über Methodik und diagnostischen Wert eines Zählverfahrens für geformte Harnbestandteile (1956)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 34 (1956), S. 1147-1151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Nach Beschreibung der vonHamburger vereinfachtenAddisschen Zählmethode für geformte Harnbestandteile werden hierzu technische Neuerungen eingeführt. Es werden Untersuchungsergebnisse über die Blutzellausscheidung im Harn von 123 nierengesunden Personen mitgeteilt. Der Normalbereich für die Erythrocytenausscheidung liegt bei einem Mittelwert von 730/min zwischen 0 und 1850 Erythrocyten je Minute. Für die Leukocytenausscheidung einschließlich kleiner Epithelien liegt der Normalbereich zwischen 0 und 2250/min, der Mittelwert beträgt 990/min. Bei 10 Gesunden wurde die Zellausscheidung im Harn während eines Vierteljahres fortlaufend kontrolliert. Anhand von klinischen Beispielen wird unter Gegenüberstellung von Zählungen und Sedimentbefunden üblicher Art der diagnostische Wert einer quantitativen morphologischen Harnanalyse aufgezeigt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01466783
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intracellular collagen-like material in mouse embryonic mesenchymal cells incubated with TNF-α and IL-1β in organoid culture (1996)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 284 (1996), S. 509-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Intracellular collagen-like material ; Blastemal cells ; Cytokines ; Organoid cultures ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Blastemal cells of embryonic mouse limb buds (day 12) were cultivated in organoid cultures in the presence of the human recombinant cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α). The effects of both cytokines (applied alone or together) on mesenchymal cells were demonstrated by electron microscopy. Cultures treated with TNF-α (alone or in combination with IL-1β) showed several mesenchymal cells with numerous irregularly shaped membrane-bordered cavities containing thick bundled tannic-acid-positive fibrillar structures that resembled loosened collagen fibrils, whereas cells exposed to IL-1β alone did not exhibit such changes. These findings are discussed in the light of two hypotheses: the phagocytosis of extracellular collagen fibrils, and fibrillogenesis resulting from incongruity of synthesis and secretion rates of procollagen; our results favour the former.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050613
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vergleichende Stabilitätsprüfungen von DHS- und γ -Nagel-Osteosynthesen bei instabilen pertrochantären Femurosteotomien (1997)
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 382 (1997), S. 100-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Key words Dynamic hip screw ; Gamma nail ; Loading capacity ; Schlüsselwörter DHS-Osteosynthese ; γ-Nagel-Osteosynthese ; Stabilitätsprüfung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An 24 paarigen Leichenfemora wurden instabile pertrochantäre Frakturen (nach Jensen) imitiert. Rechtes und linkes Femur wurden jeweils abwechselnd durch DHS- und γ-Nagel-Osteosynthese versorgt und einer Stabilitätsprüfung unterzogen. Zyklische Belastungen wurden jeweils um 500 N bis zur maximalen Belastbarkeit gesteigert. Zudem wurden die plastische Verformung gemessen und die Folgen der Belastungsversuche radiologisch dokumentiert. Die mittlere plastische Verformung war bei den DHS- gegenüber den γ-Nagel-Osteosynthesen erhöht, die maximale Belastbarkeit war stati-stisch signifikant erniedrigt. Die Femurschaftfraktur fand sich als Folge der Belastungsprüfung bei der γ-Nagelung 5mal häufiger als bei der DHS-Osteosynthese.
    Notes: Abstract In 24 human cadaver femora standardized in-stable pertrochanteric osteotomies were created. The right and left femur of each pair were alternately selected for os-teosyntheses with the gamma nail and the dynamic hip screw. Afterwards an examination of stability was per-formed. Cyclical loads were increased in 500 N increments to the maximum loading capacity, while the deformation rate was continuously measured. Radiographs were taken to prove the results of loading. The mean deformation was much greater in the DHS group than for the gamma nail, the maximum load to failure was significantly lower. Femoral shaft fractures caused by the loading occured five times as often in the gamma nail osteosyntheses than in the DHS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00008014
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vergleichende Stabilitätsprüfungen von DHS- und γ-Nagel-Osteosynthesen bei instabilen pertrochantären Femurosteotomien (1997)
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 382 (1997), S. 100-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Dynamic hip screw ; Gamma nail ; Loading capacity ; DHS-Osteosynthese ; γ-Nagel-Osteo-synthese ; Stabilitätsprüfung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An 24 paarigen Leichenfemora wurden instabile pertrochantäre Frakturen (nach Jensen) imitiert. Rechtes und linkes Femur wurden jeweils abwechslend durch DHS-und γ-Nagel-Osteosynthese versorgt und einer Stabilitätsprüfung unterzogen. Zyklische Belastungen wurden jeweils um 500 N bis zur maximalen Belastbarkeit gesteigert. Zudem wurden die plastische Verformung gemessen und die Folgen der Belastungsversuche radiologische dokumentiert. Die mittlere plastische Verformung war bei den DHS- gegenüber den γ-Nagel-Osteo-synthesen erhöht, die maximale Belastbarketi war statistisch signifikant erniedrigt. Die Femurschaftfraktur fand sich als Folge der Belastungsprüfung bei der γ-Nagelung 5mal häufiger als bei der DHS-Osteosynthese.
    Notes: Abstract In 24 human cadaver femora standardized instable pertrochanteric osteotomies were created. The right and left femur of each pair were alternately selected for osteosyntheses with the gamma nail and the dynamic hip screw. Afterwards an examination of stability was performed. Cyclical loads were increased in 500 N increments to the maximum loading capacity, while the deformation rate was continuously measured. Radiographs, were taken to prove the results of loading. The mean deformation was much greater in the DHS group than for the gamma nail, the maximum load to failure was significantly lower. Femoral shaft fractures caused by the loading occured five times as often in the gamma nail osteosyntheses than in the DHS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02465097
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopic and immunomorphological investigations on the mucosa of the human paranasal sinuses (1997)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 254 (1997), S. 230-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Paranasal sinus mucosa ; Collagen type VII ; Subepithelial connective tissue ; Electron microscopy ; Immunofluorescence microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The morphology of the mucosa from the human paranasal sinuses was investigated by electron microscopy. A total of 27 specimens was taken from 11 patients following midfacial fractures. All tissue samples were biopsied during surgery after informed consent had been given. In accordance with light microscopic investigations, the mucosa represented a highly prismatic epithelium consisting of kinocilia-carrying and mucus-producing (goblet) cells. Other cell types, such as those occurring in the respiratory epithelium of other areas, could not be demonstrated. Electron microscopic and immunomorphological investigations revealed collagen type VII beneath the lamina densa of the basal lamina. According to findings obtained to date, this collagen type accompanies only a multilayered epithelium. Another peculiarity was the small number of basophils and eosinophils. Pronounced acute reactions of the mucosa in this area cannot be expected, which is in contrast to that of the nasal mucosa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00874094
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