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  • 1995-1999  (7)
  • 1970-1974  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Ocean dynamics 24 (1971), S. 193-209 
    ISSN: 1616-7228
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary First, a general solution of the linearized equations of motion on the non-rotating globe is given for velocity, pressure and density, by means of which it is possible to describe the field of motion which is generated by an arbitrary air pressure disturbanceP 0 (x, t) in an exponentially stratified sea with plane bottom, if the spectrum of frequency and wavenumber of the disturbance is known. Then, air pressure fields occurring periodically with regard to time, are dealt with and it is shown that, with a continuous wavenumber spectrum, free internal waves are generated, the vertical velocity maximum of which are in the inner part of the ocean, whereas, when generated by a discrete wavenumber spectrum, mere forced internal waves occur, having the phase velocity of the disturbance. Therefore, it is possible that also waves might be generated, the maximum amplitudes of which are near the surface. If the phase velocity of the generating power is equal to the phase velocity of a possible free wave (case of resonance) they are in the inner part of the fluid, as for free internal waves the surface in the 1st approximation is to be considered as rigid. With a view to laboratory tests, it is finally shown that, theoretically, in rectangular narrow basins not only internal eigen-oscillations are possible but also, with appropriate generating frequencies, oscillations that are limited to characteristic stripes. This explains the variations of the surface of the water in the area of generation which were observed during the experiment. The results can, above all, be applied when making and interpreting laboratory tests with internal waves.
    Abstract: Résumé On commence par donner une solution générale des équations linéarisées pour la vitesse, pression et densité sur la terre non en rotation. Il devient alors possible de décrire le champ de mouvement provoqué par une perturbation quelconque de la pression atmosphériqueP 0 (x, t) dans une mer stratifiée exponentiellement, à fond plat, si l'on connaît le spectre de fréquence et du nombre d'ondes de cette perturbation. On considère alors spécialement des champs de pression atmosphérique périodiques en fonction du temps et on montre que pour un spectre de nombre d'ondes continu il se produit des ondes internes libres dont les maxima de vitesse verticale se trouvent à l'intérieur de la mer tandis que si ce spectre est discontinu il se forme simplement des ondes internes qui ont la vitesse de phase de la perturbation. Il est donc possible de provoquer des ondes dont les amplitudes maximales se trouvent au voisinage de la surface. Si la vitesse de phase de la force perturbante égale la vitesse de phase d'une onde libre éventuelle (cas de résonance), les ondes se trouvent à l'intérieur du liquide puisque pour des ondes internes libres on peut, en première approximation, considérer que la surface est ridige. On montre, pour finir, que d'après des expériences en laboratoire, dans un bassin rectangulaire étroit, il peut se produire théoriquement, non seulement des systèmes d'ondes internes propres, mais encore, en cas de fréquence de perturbation adéquate, des systèmes d'ondes limités à des bandes caractérisées. On trouve ainsi une explication des oscillations de la surface de l'eau observées au cours des expériences dans le domaine de la perturbation. Les résultats peuvent avoir leur utilité en particulier pour l'exécution et l'interprétation d'expériences de laboratoire avec des ondes internes.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird zunächst eine allgemeine Lösung der linearisierten Bewegungsgleichungen auf der nichtrotierenden Erde für Geschwindigkeit, Druck und Dichte angegeben, anhand derer es möglich ist, das Bewegungsfeld, das durch eine beliebige LuftdruckstörungP 0 (x, t) in einem exponentiell geschichteten Meer mit ebenem Boden hervorgerufen wird, zu beschreiben, wenn das Frequenz- und Wellenzahlspektrum der Störung bekannt ist. Danach wird speziell auf zeitlich periodische Luftdruckfelder eingegangen und gezeigt, daß bei kontinuierlichem Wellenzahlspektrum freie interne Wellen angeregt werden, deren Vertikalgeschwindigkeitsmaxima im Inneren des Meeres liegen, während bei Anregung mit diskretem Störung besitzen. Deshalb ist es möglich, daß auch Wellen angeregt werden, deren maximale Amplituden in Oberflächennähe liegen. Ist die Phasengeschwindigkeit der anregenden Kraft gleich der Phasengeschwindigkeit einer möglichen freien Welle (Resonanzfall), so liegen sie im Inneren der Flüssigkeit, da für freie interne Wellen die Oberfläche in 1. Näherung als starr anzusehen ist. Im Hinblick auf Laborversuche wird zum Abschluß gezeigt, daß in rechteckigen schmalen Becken theoretisch nicht nur interne Eigenschwingungen sondern bei geeigneten Erregerfrequenzen auch Schwingungen, die auf charakteristische Streifen beschränkt bleiben, möglich sind. Dabei ergibt sich eine Erklärung für die im Experiment beobachteten Schwankungen der Wasseroberfläche im Anregungsbereich. Die Ergebnisse können insbesondere bei der Durchführung und Interpretation von Laborversuchen mit internen Wellen Anwendung finden.
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  • 2
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    In:  (Diploma thesis), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 30 pp
    Publication Date: 2019-04-05
    Type: Thesis , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    In:  (PhD/ Doctoral thesis), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 84 pp
    Publication Date: 2018-01-10
    Type: Thesis , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 4
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    Kluwer
    In:  In: Buoyant Convection in Geophysical Flows. , ed. by Plate, E. J. Kluwer, Norwell, Mass., pp. 157-183.
    Publication Date: 2020-04-06
    Description: Progress in modeling the oceanic circulation has been achieved in the last few years by increasing the speed of computers and by refining modeling techniques. The dynamics of major current systems such as the Gulfstream-North Atlantic Current and their corresponding eddy variability is reasonably well understood [58, 32]. Climate models predict global warming as a result of increasing CO2 in the atmosphere and forecast El Nino events in the equatorial Pacific [50]. Freshwater imbalances in the deep convection regions of the polar and subpolar regions of the North Atlantic result in alternating multiple equilibrium states of the global thermohaline vertical circulation - the ”conveyor belt” [53]. On the other hand, large scale modeling relies heavily on the parametrization of ”subgrid” processes. This is especially true for the oceanic boundary layer. Here the modeling suffers from inappropriate information on the fluxes at the air-sea interface. Most coupled models with simplified fluxes do not represent the surface temperature well enough and water mass characteristics drift away from the initial state. Restoring conditions at the sea surface are needed to force the model back to the observations. The fluxes analyzed from runs with restoring conditions show substantial errors. It is evident that progress in the reliability of long-term predictions of climate variations can only be made with a better representation of mixed layer dynamics.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Kluwer Academic Publishers
    In:  In: Ocean Modelling and Parameterization. , ed. by Chassignet, E. and Verron, J. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands, pp. 191-214. ISBN 0-7923-5228-9
    Publication Date: 2020-04-20
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Bornträger
    In:  In: The Warmwatersphere of the North Atlantic Ocean. , ed. by Krauß, W. Bornträger, Berlin, Germany, pp. 291-337. ISBN 3-443-01033-4
    Publication Date: 2020-04-09
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 7
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    Bornträger
    In:  In: The Warmwatersphere of the North Atlantic Ocean. , ed. by Krauß, W. Bornträger, Berlin, Germany, pp. 365-395. ISBN 3-443-01033-4
    Publication Date: 2020-04-09
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Institut für Meereskunde an der Universität Kiel
    In:  Institut für Meereskunde an der Universität Kiel, Kiel, 10 pp.
    Publication Date: 2015-02-25
    Description: Fahrtgebiet: Irmingersee und Ausgang Dänemarkstraße Zweck: Hydrographische Aufnahme im Ausbreitungsgebiet des Overflow-Wassers, Auslegung einer Inverted Echo Sounder Verankerung (I.E.S), Auslegung von satelliten-georteten Driftbojen, Schleppen eines neuen geomagnetischen Elektrokinetographs (TTM3), Erprobung eines GPS-Arrays zur hochgenauen Ortsbestimmung Wiss. Ziele: Ermittlung mesoskaliger Strukturen im Overflow als Eingangsdaten für Simulationsrechnungen
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    AMS (American Meteorological Society)
    In:  Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 13 . pp. 1202-1208.
    Publication Date: 2020-08-04
    Description: A method is presented for determining salinity and density from temperature data in conjunction with historical or contemporaneous (but not collocated) CTD observations. The horizontal density ratio r(z) is determined from the temperature and salinity differences at each depth (δT, δS) between pairs or ensembles of profiles. These differences are expressed as a density ratio r=αδT/βδS, where α and β are the expansion coefficients for temperature and salinity, respectively. Salinity at a site where only temperature is measured, as with an expendable bathythermograph (XBT), is computed based on the temperature and salinity at a reference station (SR,TR); that is, S=SR+(T−TR)δS/δT. The method is restrictive in its application because it is most accurate when all water masses in the region of a survey are linear extrapolations from the water masses at each of the reference stations. In reality, it provides useful results when the T and S fields are not simply linear functions of horizontal distance. This approach is particularly useful in regions where, the T(z)−S(z) relation is nonunique, as in the Mediterranean Water in the North Atlantic. The corresponding expression for the lateral density difference for an observed temperature difference (δT) is δρ=−αρ0δT(1−r−1). Observations from regions offshore and along the coast of Portugal are used to evaluate the method. Errors of less than 0.05 psu are exhibited in the evaluation of salinity determined from T-5 XBT drops compared with nearly simultaneous CTD casts. A comparison of water properties and cyclostrophic velocities is made using XCP temperatures and XCP velocities in a meddy.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 10
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    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 104 (C4). pp. 7897-7906.
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: A series of experiments with a quasi‐geostrophic model have been carried out to investigate the influence of topographic obstacles on the translatory movement of Agulhas rings. The rings were initialized as Gaussian‐shaped anomalies in the stream function field of a two‐layer ocean at rest. Bottom topography consisted of a meridional ridge of constant height in the middle of the quadratic model domain. The vertical ring structure, the initial ring position, and the height of the ridge were varied. The general northwestward movement of the model eddies has been shown to be modified toward a more equatorward direction by encountering the upslope of the ridge. Sufficient topographic heights and strong slopes can even block the eddies and force them toward a pure meridional movement. During their translation the eddies lose their vertical coherence. After about 150 days the eddy can only be detected by the surface signal, while the lower layer eddy is dispersed by the radiation of Rossby waves. The passage of “young” (regarding the time between their initialization and their contact with the ridge) and energetic eddies is accompanied by the observation of along‐slope currents of significant strength. These may be due to the rectification of radiated Rossby waves at the topographic slope. Only eddies with a significant dynamic signal in the lower layer are influenced by the bottom topography. Strong, shallow eddies over deep lower layers can cross the ridge without strong modification of their translatory movement.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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