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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in nitric oxide synthase isoforms in the spinal cord of rat following induction of chronic arthritis (1998)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 118 (1998), S. 457-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Nitric oxide ; Adjuvant arthritis ; Chronic inflammation ; Central canal ; Ependymal cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Nitric oxide (NO) possibly plays an important role in the events resulting in hyperalgesia. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is a key enzyme in the production of NO. In this study, the relationship between NOS and hyperalgesia in a rat chronic arthritis model was tested. Chronic arthritis was induced by injection of incomplete Freund’s adjuvant into the knee joint cavity unilaterally. The paw withdrawal latency (PWL) to radiant heat was used to detect secondary thermal hyperalgesia induced by the arthritis. After 1 day the PWL of the arthritic hindpaw decreased and it reached its nadir at 3 days after induction of arthritis. The lumbar and cervical enlargement of the spinal cord were removed in different groups of animals 3, 7, 14, or 21 days after induction of arthritis, and frozen tissue sections were cut. Two series of sections were incubated with polyclonal antibodies to neuronal NOS (nNOS) or to inducible NOS (iNOS). nNOS was found to increase gradually in laminae I–III in the lumber but not in the cervical enlargement. The change became most obvious 14 days after induction of arthritis as compared to the control animals. Ependymal cells around the central canal of the lumbar enlargement were more densely stained by anti-iNOS after arthritis. A corresponding change was also found in the cervical enlargement. Computer-assisted image analysis revealed that the mean density of the affected areas in the treated group increased significantly compared with the control animals. This study suggests that the expression of both nNOS and iNOS increase following induction of chronic arthritis, which in turn would presumably lead to an increase in the production of NO. This process could be involved in mediation of the secondary thermal hyperalgesia induced by chronic arthritis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050302
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of frequency on the fatigue behavior of [±45]4s laminate of carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone (PEEK) composites under tension-tension loading (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of polymer research 2 (1995), S. 171-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8935
    Keywords: Fatigue behavior ; AS-4/PEEK ; Composites ; Weibull distribution function ; Tension-tension ; Surface temperature change
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Fatigue behavior of carbon fiber reinforced poly etheretherketone (PEEK) laminated composite was investigated. The [±45]4s AS-4/PEEK laminated composites under static tensile measurement at various test temperatures were conducted. Three tension-tension fatigue loading frequencies, 1 Hz, 5 Hz and 10 Hz, were selected to study the effect of frequency on the fatigue behavior of [±45]4s AS-4/PEEK laminate. The survival probability of experimental fatigue life data under different stress amplitude tests were estimated and analyzed by the median rank order-statistic cumulative-distribution function and the Weibull distribution function. The S-N curves at different fatigue loading frequencies exhibited a trend of two-segment straight line curves. The increase in surface temperature of specimens was found and the thermal stress history was also investigated by thermo-image techniques during fatigue life testing. The fatigue failure mechanism was investigated by X-ray radiography.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01494253
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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