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  • tobacco  (2)
  • 1995-1999  (2)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Risk Factors for Male Breast Cancer (United States) (1998)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 9 (1998), S. 269-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Alcohol ; diet ; male breast cancer ; obesity ; tobacco ; United States
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objectives: The etiology of male breast cancer is obscure, although an excess risk has been associated with Klinefelter syndrome, testicular disorders, benign breast disease including gynecomastia, use of exogenous estrogens, radiation, and a family history of male or female breast cancer. We conducted a case-control study to investigate risk factors further for breast cancer in men. Methods: Based on data from the 1986 National (United States) Mortality Followback Survey (NMFS) of almost 20,000 deceased adults (age 25 years or over), we compared information obtained from next-of-kin interviews of 178 men who died of breast cancer with that of 512 male controls who died of other causes. Information was obtained on selected demographic and other factors, including diet, exercise, occupation, height and weight, and use of tobacco and alcohol. Results: Increased risks were found for men who were described by their next-of-kin as very overweight (odds ratio [OR] = 2.3, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 1.1-5.0). The risks associated with the three upper quartiles of body mass index (BMI) (wt/ht2) were 1.3, 1.6, and 2.3, respectively, with a significant dose-response relationship (P 〈 0.01). An excess risk was also associated with limited exercise (OR = 1.3, CI = 0.8-2.0). Consumption of red meat was associated with an increased risk, and consumption of fruits and vegetables with a decreased risk, although the trends were not significant. No association was found for tobacco or alcohol use, but an excess risk was associated with higher levels of socioeconomic status (SES) (OR = 1.8, CI = 1.1-3.0). Conclusions: Our study suggests that obesity increases the risk of male breast cancer, possibly through hormonal mechanisms, while dietary factors, physical activity, and SES indicators also deserve further investigation. Cancer Causes andd Control 1998, 269-275
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008869003012
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption and the risk of pancreatic cancer: a case-control study in Shanghai, China (1995)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 6 (1995), S. 369-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Alcohol ; case-control study ; China ; epldemiology ; pancreatic neoplasm ; tobacco
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cancer of the pancreas has been rising in incidence in Shanghai, China since the early 1970s. In 1987–89, this malignancy ranked eighth in cancer incidence among men and ninth among women in Shanghai. To examine risk factors for this tumor in urban Shanghai, a population-based case-control study was conducted. Cases (n=451) were permanent residents of Shanghai, 30 to 74 years of age, newly diagnosed with pancreatic cancer between 1 October 1990 and 30 June 1993. Deceased cases (19 percent) were excluded from the study. Controls (n=1,552) were selected among Shanghai residents, frequency-matched to cases by gender and age. Cases and controls were interviewed about their demographic background and potential risk factors, including tobacco, alcohol and beverage consumption, diet, and medical history. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95 percent confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using logistic regression models. Current cigarette smoking was associated with excess risk of pancreatic cancer in both men (OR=1.6, CI=1.1−2.2) and women (OR=1.4, CI=0.9−2.4). ORs increased significantly with number of cigarettes smoked per day, and with duration and packyears of smoking. Risk increased three-to sixfold among those in the highest categories of cigarette consumption, while risk decreased with increasing years since smoking cessation. Former smokers who stopped smoking for 10 or more years had risks comparable to nonsmokers. No association was found between alcohol use and pancreatic cancer. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, it was estimated that during the study period, nearly 25 percent of pancreatic cancer cases among men and six percent of cases among women could be attributed to smoking. Our findings add to the accumulating evidence linking smoking and pancreatic cancer, and suggest that the rising incidence of this malignancy in Shanghai may be related at least partly to the increasing prevalence of smoking.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00051413
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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