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  • Springer  (676)
  • 1995-1999  (486)
  • 1975-1979  (190)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 58 (1976), S. 243-277 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The system Na2O-K2O-Al2O2-SiO2-H2O contains many mineral phases of major importance in the diagenesis and metamorphism of shales and sandstones, as well as in felsic igneous rocks and their metamorphic derivatives. It is thus a useful model-system containing many of the key equilibria of concern in the genesis of such rocks. It is also a system for which extensive experimental and thermodynamic data are available. The discontinuous reactions among the phases quartz, albite, potassic feldspar, muscovite, paragonite, pyrophyllite, kaolinite, kyanite, andalusite, sillimanite, jadeite and analcime have therefore been used to construct a model system for mineral facies in “pelitic” rocks. There appear to be fiftynine possible facies types, separated by forty-one discontinuities, only thirtysix of which are readily observed in the field. The continuous reactions, involving rotations of tie-line and displacements of three-phase triangles in the NaAlO2-KAlO2-Al2O3 projection from SiO2-H2O, may be formulated using either an Na or K end-member reaction together with Na-K exchange reactions between coexisting white micas, alkali feldspars and analcimes. The general stoichiometric coefficients for all likely discontinuous reactions have been evaluated in terms of mol fractions of end-members. Available experimental data have been used to calibrate the discontinuous equilibria for the limiting conditions of $$a_{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}} {\text{O}}}$$ = 0 and $$a_{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}} {\text{O}}}$$ = 1. The (Na-K) facies types may be correlated with (Fe-Mg) facies types in pelitic rocks or with assemblages in mafic rocks.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Geometriae dedicata 63 (1996), S. 159-170 
    ISSN: 1572-9168
    Keywords: 52A21 ; Minkowski space ; divergence ; Laplacian ; elliptic operator ; ellipsoid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Let (X, B) be a Minkowski space (finite-dimensional Banach space) with unit ball B. Using a Minkowski definition of unit normal to a hypersurface, a Minkowski analogue of Euclidean divergence is defined. We show that the divergence theorem holds. Using the Minkowski divergence, a Minkowski Laplacian is defined. We prove that this Laplacian is a second-order, constant-coefficient, elliptic, differential operator. Furthermore, the symbol of this Laplacian is computed and used to associate a natural Euclidean structure with (X, B).
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback 23 (1998), S. 243-263 
    ISSN: 1573-3270
    Keywords: ADD/ADHD ; neurofeedback ; intelligence ; TOVA ; metacognition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A review of records was carried out to examine the results obtained when people with Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) received 40 sessions of training that combined neurofeedback with the teaching of metacognitive strategies. While not a controlled scientific study, the results, including pre- and post-measures, are consistent with previously published research concerning the use of neurofeedback with children. A significant addition is that a description of procedures is included. The 111 subjects, 98 children (age 5 to 17) and 13 adults (ages 18 to 63), attended forty 50-min sessions, usually twice a week. Feedback was contingent on decreasing slow wave activity (usually 4–7 Hz, occasionally 9–11 Hz) and increasing fast wave activity (15–18 Hz for most subjects but initially 13–15 Hz for subjects with impulsivity and hyperactivity). Metacognitive strategies related to academic tasks were taught when the feedback indicated the client was focused. Some clients also received temperature and/or EDR biofeedback during some sessions. Initially, 30 percent of the children were taking stimulant medications (Ritalin), whereas 6 percent were on stimulant medications after 40 sessions. All charts were included where pre- and post-testing results were available for one or more of the following: the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA, n=76), Wechsler Intelligence Scales (WISC-R, WISC-III, or WA1S-R, n=68), Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT 3, n=99), and the electroencephalogram assessment (QEEG) providing a ratio of theta (4–8 Hz) to beta (16–20 Hz) activity (n=66). Significant improvements (p〈.001) were found in ADD symptoms (inattention, impulsivity, and variability of response times on the TOVA), in both the ACID pattern and the full-scale scores of the Wechsler Intelligence Scales, and in academic performance on the WRAT 3. The average gain for the full scale IQ equivalent score was 12 points. A decrease in the EEG ratio of theta/beta was also observed. These data are important because they provide an extension of results from earlier studies (Lubar, Swartwood, Swartwood, & O'Donnell, 1995; Linden, Habib, & Radojevic, 1996). They also demonstrate that systematic data collection in a private educational setting produces helpful information that can be used to monitor students' progress and improve programs. Because this clinical work is not a controlled scientific study, the efficacious treatment components cannot be determined. Nevertheless, the positive outcomes of decreased ADD symptoms plus improved academic and intellectual functioning suggest that the use of neurofeedback plus training in metacognitive strategies is a useful combined intervention for students with ADD. Further controlled research is warranted.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind study the activity of polyI:polyC12U administered with zidovudine was evaluated in the treatment of HIV infection. Thirty-six HIV-positive, pre-AIDS individuals (100–500 CD4+ cells/mm3) who had had at least six months of zidovudine therapy received polyI:polyC12U (400 or 700 mg) or placebo twice weekly with zidovudine. PolyI:polyC12U subjects with baseline CD4+ counts≥300/mm3 showed a trend towards reduced CD4+ loss versus placebo recipients. PolyI:polyC12U subjects were more likely to exhibit positive delayed-type hypersensitivity responses than placebo recipients. Placebo subjects crossing over to polyI:polyC12U therapy demonstrated improved CD4+ and delayed-type hypersensitivity responses. PolyI: polyC12U subjects with baseline CD4+ counts≥300/mm3 were less likely to develop AIDS than similar placebo subjects. PolyI:polyC12U therapy of HIV-positive subjects restored or stabilized immune function as indexed by delayed-type hypersensitivity reactivity and, in individuals with CD4+ counts〉300/mm3, abrogated CD4+ loss and reduced disease progression. PolyI:polyC12U was generally well-tolerated in this zidovudine-treated population. No subject discontinued therapy due to an adverse reaction or aberrant laboratory parameter.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Nitrogen ; Picea sitchensis ; Relative growth rates ; Thuja plicata ; Tsuga heterophylla
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Seedlings ofPicea sitchensis, Thuja plicata andTsuga heterophylla were supplied N hydroponically at one of four exponentially increasing rates of addition (0.09, 0.07, 0.05, or 0.025 gN-1 day-1) for up to 3 months in a naturally illuminated glasshouse. Relative growth rates (RGR) were analyzed as a function of N uptake, the allocation of assimilated N to foliage (LNFR), foliar N concentrations (Nla) and met assimilation rates (NAR), which were combined to estimate N productivity (RGR per unit whole-plant N concentration). Nitrogen accumulation, biomass and N partitioning and RGR and its components varied with species in response to the different N regimes.T. heterophylla had the lowest maximum wholeplant N concentrations (wpN) and specific absorption rates for N and exhibited the least plasticity in root: shoot ratios as wpN increased from 11–21 mg g-1. In all species, RGR increased linearly with wpN, while LNFR increased curvilinearly. Foliar N (Nla) increased linearly with wpN and NAR increased linearly with Nla. The RGRs ofT. heterophylla were highest at wpNs up to 18 mg g-1, a result of higher foliar N use efficiencies (NAR/Nla). However, RGR increased more with wpN inT. plicata andP. sitchensis. Although LNFR increased with wpN in all species, foliar N use efficiency declined, possibly due to an increased partitioning of foliar soluble N to non-photosynthetic compounds. Thus, in each species, N productivity did not increase above intermediate levels of wpN: 14 mg g-1 inT. heterophylla, 16 mg g-1 inP. sitchensis and 17 mg g-1 inT. plicata.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Nitrogen ; Photosynthesis ; Picea sitchensis ; Thuja plicata ; Tsuga heterophylla
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effects of differing, exponentially increasing rates of N addition (0.025, 0.05, 0.07 and 0.09 gN gN-1day-1) on photosynthesis, discrimination against13C and partitioning of foliar N to chlorophyll and major photosynthetic proteins were compared in seedlings of the evergreen conifersPicea sitchensis, Thuja plicata andTsuga heterophylla. T. heterophylla had the lowest range of foliar N concentrations (Nlm). Across species, photosynthetic rates (A) increased linearly with Nlm to a maximum at 21 mg g-1 and declined at higher Nlms. Species differences inA resulted from differences in Nlm, not from differences in photosynthetic N use efficiency. Self-shading may have causedA to decline at a high Nlm inP. sitchensis andT. plicata. Measurements of gas exchange and δ13C suggested that carboxylation capacity increased more than did stomatal conductance as Nlm increased. The responses were small and confined to Nlms associated with the lesser rates of N addition. Concentrations of total protein, ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RUBISCO) and the light harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein complex (LHC) increased with Nlm, but the fraction of foliar N allocated to RUBISCO and LHC increased with Nlm only inP. sitchensis and only between the 0.025 and 0.05N regimes. The responsiveness ofA and concentrations of RUBISCO to Nlm were less than reported for deciduous C3 species.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Long bone allografts ; Orthopedic complications ; Bone resorption ; Bone tumors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose To study the long-term results of long bone allografts in patients with benign and malignant bone tumors. Material and Methods Forty patients for whom full clinical and radiological information was held were investigated in order to assess the overall incidence of complications including fractures, nonunion, hardware problems, infections, and bone resorption. Results There were four deaths; four more patients had distant metastases and one patient had a recurrent chondrosarcoma. Seventeen patients (42%) had either no complications (nine patients) or only minor ones (eight patients). Eleven patients (27%) sustained fractures of either their allograft (eight patients) or of their hardware (three patients). Hardware problems occurred in nine patients (22.5%), six of whom had serious problems requiring revision. The majority of the fractures and hardware problems occurred in younger male patients (82%). Infection occurred in five patients (12.5%), two of whom required revision, while two cases were superficial. Dissolution of the allograft occurred in 12 patients (30%), 7 of whom required removal of the allograft. Ten of these 12 patients were female. Conclusion The long-term survival of long bone allografts is not as good as generally reported if an adequate follow-up time period is used. Most of the fractures and hardware problems occurred in the younger active male patient, whose activities should probably be curtailed. Resorption of the allograft is another serious complication which appears to occur mainly in female patients and could possibly be controlled by chemotherapy.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 3 (1979), S. 772-773 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 3 (1979), S. 155-163 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Une sélection adéquate des malades à opérer, une opération bien faite, une surveillance et une thérapeutique post-opératoires de qualité réduisent la mortalité et la morbidité de l'endartériectomie carotidienne. Les complications peuvent être des accidents cardiaques ou respiratoires en rapport avec l'anesthésie, des infections, des hématomes, des parésies par atteinte nerveuse, des parotidites, des ruptures artérielles, des faux anévrismes, des fistules carotido-caverneuses. La complication la plus grave est l'accident vasculaire cérébral par embolie ou ischémie cérébrale. Les embolies sont dues à des manipulations traumatisantes de l'artère; les ischémies résultent d'épisodes d'hypotension, de thromboses intracérébrales, d'insuffisance de protection du cerveau. Pour être certain que la circulation collatérale sera adéquate pendant la période de clampage carotidien, il faut clamper temporairement la carotide sous anesthésie locale, mesurer la pression intracarotidienne et surveiller l'EEG. La meilleure technique de protection cérébrale est le shunt temporaire intracarotidien. Ce shunt interne doit être utilisé si l'opéré présente des symptomes de souffrance cérébrale pendant le clampage temporaire, se la pression intracarotidienne s'abaisse en-dessous de 55 mm Hg, si l'EEG s'altère. Nous estimons cependant que, pour éviter tout accident, l'opération doit être faite dans tous les cas sous anesthésie générale avec shunt interne. La mortalité opératoire, pour les malades qui avaient eu avant l'opération des épisodes ischémiques transitoires, doit être inférieure à 1% et les séquelles neurologiques post-opératoires inférieures à 2%. L'opération doit être parfaitement menée, avec une attention minutieuse à tous les détails. Pour prévenir les thromboses, il faut éviter toute hypotension per- et post-opératoire. Pour prévenir l'hémorragie et l'oedème cérébral, tout épisode d'hypertension doit être rapidement corrigé. L'opération est contre-indiquée en cas d'accident vasculaire cérébral aigu, grave et d'allure progressive.
    Notes: Abstract Mortality and morbidity associated with carotid endarterectomy may be minimized by proper selection of patients and proper operative and postoperative management. Complications include cardiac and airway problems related to anesthesia, infection, hematoma, nerve pareses, parotitis, arterial disruption, false aneurysms, and carotid-cavernous fistula. The most serious complication is the occurrence of neurologic deficits as a result of cerebral emboli or ischemia. Emboli are due to excessive manipulation of the artery, while ischemia results from hypotension, intracerebral thrombosis, or inadequate cerebral protection. Adequacy of collateral blood flow during carotid clamping is determined by temporary occlusion under local anesthesia, measurement of internal carotid artery stump pressure, or EEG monitoring. The most reliable method of cerebral protection is a temporary inlying shunt. Selective shunting is used if the patient is intolerant of temporary clamping, if stump pressure is below 55 mm Hg, or if EEG changes occur. For maximum safety, the author suggests routine shunting and general anesthesia. Operative mortality for patients experiencing transient ischemic attacks should be less than 1% and operation-related neurologic deficits no more than 2%. Meticulous attention to technical details is obligatory. Hypotension should be avoided during and after operation to avert thrombosis, and excessive hypertension postoperatively must be treated promptly to avoid cerebral hemorrhage and edema. Operation is contraindicated on patients with acute profound and progressing strokes.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Nous avons mesuré l'osmolalité du contenu duodénal chez 9 chiens après un repas hypertonique administré soit per os, soit directement dans l'estomac, soit par perfusion dans le duodénum. Un repas à 2,475 mosm/kg, administré per os, élève l'osmolalité duodénale à 700–1,500 mosm/kg pendant une heure. Des solutions de glucose hypertonique à 2,000 et 3,400 mosm/kg, introduites directement dans l'estomac, sont, 30 minutes plus tard, diluées à 700 et 1,100 mosm/kg au niveau de la partie moyenne du duodénum. Des solutions salines hypertoniques à 1,800 et 2,700 mosm/kg, en perfusion intraduodénale, donnent, après 30 minutes, une osmolalité duodénale de 800 et 1,200 mosm/kg (±45% de la solution perfusée). Chez 6 chiens à poche de Heidenhain, la sécrétion gastrique et la libération de gastrine provoquées par un repas sont réduites de façon significative par la perfusion intraduodénale de chlorure de sodium en solution hypertonique (1,800 mosm/ kg). Cette hyperosmolalité réduit plus la sécrétion d'acide (52%) que la libération de gastrine (28%). La perfusion dans le duodénum d'une solution d'HCl (pH 1.3), dont l'osmolalité est portée à 2,700 mosm/kg, diminue la stimulation des sécrétions d'eau et de bicarbonate pancéatiques et la libération de sécrétine mesurable par radio-immunoessai. La sécrétion pancréatique de protéines n'est pas modifiée par les solutions hypertoniques. Nous avons done confirmé l'inhibition de la sécrétion gastrique d'acide chez le chien par stimulation des osmorécepteurs duodénaux; nous pensons que cette inhibition est due, en partie en tous cas, à la suppression de la libération de gastrine. Nous estimons de plus que l'inhibition de la sécrétion pancréatique par l'hyperosmolalité duodénale résulte d'une suppression de la libération de sécrétine, mais est sans effet sur la libération de cholécystokinine.
    Notes: Abstract We have measured the osmolality of duodenal contents in 9 dogs after a hypertonic meal, given either by mouth or directly into the stomach or perfused into the duodenum. A test meal of 2,475 mosm/kg, given by mouth, raised the intraduodenal osmolality to 700–1,500 mosm/kg over a 1-hour period. Hypertonic glucose solutions (2,000 and 3,400 mosm/kg), given into the stomach, were found to be diluted to about 700 and 1,100 mosm/kg, respectively, at the level of the mid-duodenum 30 minutes later. Hypertonic saline solutions (1,800 and 2,700 mosm/kg), perfused into the duodenum, created a stable intraluminal osmolality of 800 and 1,200 mosm/kg, respectively, (about 45% that of the perfusate) after 30 minutes. In 6 Heidenhain pouch dogs, gastric secretion and gastrin release stimulated by food were significantly diminished by administration of hypertonic sodium chloride solution (1,800 mosm/kg) into the duodenum. This hyperosmolality caused greater suppression of acid secretion (52%) than of gastrin release (28%). Stimulation of pancreatic water and bicarbonate secretion and of release of radioimmunoassayable secretin by intraduodenal HCl (pH 1.3) were significantly suppressed when the osmolality of the HCl solution was raised to 2,700 mosm/kg. Pancreatic protein secretion remained unchanged with hypertonic solutions. We have confirmed that stimulation of intraduodenal osmoreceptors inhibits gastric acid secretion in dogs, and we suggest that this is due, at least in part, to a suppression of gastrin release. We further suggest that duodenal osmolar inhibition of pancreatic secretion involves suppression of secretin but does not appear to involve cholecystokinin.
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