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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 11 (1996), S. 237-246 
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Fluorescence ; Time-resolved confocal microscopy ; Porphyrins ; Fluorescence polarization ; Photodynamic therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The application of a novel time-resolved confocal fluorescence microspectrometer to studies of the distribution and speciation of porphyrin photosensitizers in rat C6 cerebral glioma cells is described. The instrument combines a mode-locked argon ion laser excitation source with time-correlated single photon counting fluorescence detection and has sub-micron spatial and sub-nanosecond temporal resolution. The porphyrins studied were haematoporphyrin derivative (HpD), haematoporphyrin IX (HP), porphyrinc (Pc) and the tetrakiscarborane carboxylate ester of 2,4-(α,β-dihydroxyethyl) deuteroporphyrin IX (BOPP). From the heterogeneous emission observed in vitro, assignments and spatial location of various porphyrin species are proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 78 (1996), S. 143-147 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: diapause ; insect-plant interactions ; phenology ; Salix repens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Nymphal development of Cacopsylla moscovita (And.) (Homoptera: Psylloidea) takes place only on female catkins of Salix repens L. and close phenological synchrony is crucial because development times of catkins and nymphs are similar. Eggs are laid on catkins as soon as they develop and close synchrony between oviposition and budburst maximizes time available for nymphal development. Sampling adult C. moscovita in the field revealed little synchrony between egg development and budburst, with over 60% of females containing mature eggs four weeks before catkins first appeared. In the laboratory, egg development was influenced by both temperature and photoperiod. At 10°C, egg development occurred approximately one month earlier than at 5°C and two weeks earlier than in the field. Adult survival in the laboratory was substantially reduced at increased temperature, with only 20% of adults surviving longer than two weeks at 10°C, compared with over 95% at 5°C. Body condition (weight corrected for size) of males and females decreased significantly in the field over winter. However, body condition of females levelled off before budburst, coincident with egg development implying that females had resumed feeding. We discuss our results in relation to regulation of phenological synchrony between oviposition and catkin appearance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.80 ; 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 58 (1980), S. 387-394 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Ventricel septum defect ; Myocardial infarction ; Cardiogenic shock ; Ventrikelseptumruptur ; Herzinfarkt ; Cardiogener Schock
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die pathologisch-anatomischen und pathophysiologischen Veränderungen bei Ruptur des interventrikulären Septums im Gefolge des Herz-infarktes, sowie das klinische Erscheinungsbild sind anhand der Literatur dargestellt und unsere Erfahrungen mit der operativen Behandlung bei 25 Patienten mitgeteilt. Eine deutliche Zäsur ergibt sich um das Jahr 1970, da hier entscheidende Änderungen sowohl der Operationstechnik als auch in der prä- und postoperativen Behandlung der Patienten gemacht wurde. Von den 8 vor 1970 operierten Patienten verstarben 7 (87,5%), von den 17 nach 1970 operierten starben 7 (41,1%). Als bedeutsam für den operativen Erfolg erwies sich auch der Zeitpunkt der Operation: Die 23 Patienten, die innerhalb der ersten 6 Wochen nach dem auslösenden Infarkt operiert wurden, hatten eine Mortalität von 60%, die nach 6 Wochen operierten Patienten überlebten beide. Wenn man nur die nach 1970 innerhalb der 6-Wochen-Frist operierten Patienten (n=15) betrachtet, ergibt das eine Mortalität von 46,6%. Unsere Daten entsprechen denen anderer Autoren. Das Auftreten des Ventrikelseptumdefektes nach einem akuten Myocardinfarkt geht in der Regel mit einer Verschlechterung des hämodynamischen Zustandes einher. Ist dieser Zustand medikamentös nicht beherrschbar, muß die Operation auch innerhalb der ersten 6 Wochen nach dem auslösenden Infarkt durchgeführt werden. Trotz der im Vergleich zu elektiven kardiochirurgischen Eingriffen noch relativ hohen Mortalität ergibt sich ein deutlicher Vorteil, wenn man bedenkt, daß von den rein konservativ behandelten Patienten 80% innerhalb der ersten 6 Wochen verstarben.
    Notes: Summary The literature on the pathophysiology and physiopathology of the ruptured interventricular septum of the heart following myocardial infarction and the clinical features are reviewed. The results of the surgical management of 25 patients with ruptured interventricular septum are reported. It had to be distinguish between the results among those, operated upon before and after 1970, as significant changes in operative technique and perioperative management were made at this time. Out of 8 patients operated upon before 1970 7 (87.5%) died, while out of 17 patients operated upon after 1970 7 (41.1%) died. Most important for the surgical outcome was the timing of the procedure: 23 patients operated upon within 6 weeks following the initial infarction had a mortality of 60%, both patients operated upon later than six weeks following the infarction survived. When only reviewing the patients operated upon after 1970 but within 6 weeks following the initial infarction (n=15) we encountered a mortality of 46.6%. Our data match with those of other authors. The rupture of the interventricular septum as sequelae of an acute myocardial infarction results in detoriation of the hemodynamic parameter. Is the situation not sufficiently managed by medical treatment, operation has to be performed within 6 weeks following the initial infarction. Though mortality is high when compared with elective cardiovascular procedures, surgery gives a significant advantage, when considering a mortality of 80% within 6 weeks following the initial infarction on medical therapy alone.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Mouse ; Vasoactive intestinal peptide ; Postimplantation ; Growth factor ; Embryogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Activity-dependent neurotrophic factor is a potent, neuroprotective molecule released from astroglia following stimulation by vasoactive intestinal peptide and, at least in part, accounts for the neuroprotective actions of vasoactive intestinal peptide. As well as enhancing neuronal survival, vasoactive intestinal peptide is known to regulate embryonic growth during the early postimplantation period of development. The current study was designed to assess activity-dependent neurotrophic factor’s role in the growth-regulatory properties of vasoactive intestinal peptide. Treatment of whole cultured day-9 mouse embryos with activity-dependent neurotrophic factor (10–13 M) resulted in a growth of 3.1 somites, compared with 1.6 somites in control embryos after a 4 h incubation period. Significant increases were also seen in cross-sectional area, protein and DNA content and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation. Activity-dependent neurotrophic factor-treated embryos were morphologically indistinguishable from control embryos of the same size. Anti-activity-dependent neurotrophic factor ascites significantly inhibited growth. In addition, co-treatment of embryos with anti-activity-dependent neurotrophic factor ascites inhibited vasoactive intestinal peptide-stimulated growth. Although anti-vasoactive intestinal peptide treatment inhibited growth, it did not inhibit activity-dependent neurotrophic factor-induced growth. These data indicate that an activity-dependent neurotrophic factor-like substance is an endogenous and potent growth-promoting factor in the early postimplantation embryo and that vasoactive intestinal peptide-regulated growth of embryos occurs, at least in part, through the action of activity-dependent neurotrophic factor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 11 (1982), S. 363-371 
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Samples were obtained from selected positions in the process stream of an experimental low Btu gasifier using a five-stage multicyclone train and a four-stage condenser train. These materials which represent potential fugitive emissions were screened for mutagenic activity (AmesSalmonella mammalian microsome mutagenicity assay) and forin vitro cytotoxicity (alveolar macrophages). Size-fractionated materials collected in the multicyclone train were mutagenic inSalmonella tester strains TA-98 and TA-100 and were also cytotoxic. There appeared to be no relationship between aerosol droplet size and mutagenic activity. Studies with condenser train samples indicate that neutral and basic polynuclear aromatic compounds contribute to the mutagenicity of process stream materials. Specific mutagenic and cytotoxic activity of material was reduced as gas underwent cleanup. A reduction in the mass loading of potentially toxic compounds is achieved by the control devices in the process stream of the experimental gasifier being developed and tested by METC, and assuming equal probability of emissions throughout the process stream, risk from exposure to potential fugitive emissions is reduced as the gas is cleaned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Milk ; casein ; epidemiology ; immunosuppression ; beta-casomorphin.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Previously published Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus incidence in 0 to 14-year-old children from 10 countries or areas was compared with the national annual cow milk protein consumption. Countries which were selected for study had appropriate milk protein polymorphism studies, herd breed composition information and low dairy imports from other countries. Total protein consumption did not correlate with diabetes incidence (r = + 0.402), but consumption of the β-casein A1 variant did (r = + 0.726). Even more pronounced was the relation between β-casein (A1 + B) consumption and diabetes (r = + 0.982). These latter two cow caseins yield a bioactive peptide β-casomorphin-7 after in vitro digestion with intestinal enzymes whereas the common A2 variant or the corresponding human or goat caseins do not. β-casomorphin-7 has opioid properties including immunosuppression, which could account for the specificity of the relation between the consumption of some but not all β-casein variants and diabetes incidence. [Diabetologia (1999) 42: 292–296]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Key words Dispersal ; Range expansion ; Distribution ; Pararge aegeria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Individuals colonizing unoccupied habitats typically possess characters associated with increased dispersal and, in insects, colonization success has been related to flight morphology. The speckled wood butterfly, Pararge aegeria, has undergone recent major expansions in its distribution: in the north of its range, P. aegeria has colonized many areas in north and east England, and in the south, it was first recorded on Madeira in 1976. We examined morphological traits associated with flight and reproduction in the northern subspecies tircis, and in the southern subspecies aegeria, from sites colonized about 20 years ago in northern England and on Madeira, respectively. Investment in flight was measured as relative wing area and thorax mass, and investment in reproduction as relative abdomen mass. All measurements were from individuals reared in a common environment and there were significant family effects in most of the variables measured. Compared with individuals from sites continuously occupied in recent history, colonizing individuals were larger (adult live mass). In the subspecies tircis, colonizing individuals also had relatively larger thoraxes and lower wing aspect ratios indicating that evolutionary changes in flight morphology may be related to colonization. However, sex by site interactions in analyses of thorax mass and abdomen mass suggest different selection pressures on flight morphology between the sexes in relation to colonization. Overall, the subspecies aegeria was smaller (adult live mass) and had a relatively larger thorax and wings, and smaller abdomen than subspecies tircis. Evolutionary changes in flight morphology and dispersal rate may be important determinants of range expansion, and may affect responses to future climate change.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Key words Procellariiformes ; Nutrition ; Obesity ; Chick growth ; Life history
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Procellariiform seabirds such as short-tailed shearwaters Puffinus tenuirostris accumulate large quantities of lipid during the nestling period. The functional significance of this pattern of development remains unclear, but has been related both to temporal variation in feeding conditions around the colony and to stochastic variation in the foraging success of individual parents. This paper examines temporal and age-specific variation in the pattern of food delivery to nestling short-tailed shearwaters, which have one of the lowest provisioning rates of any procellariiforms and are known to experience occasional long intervals between feeds. We assess whether variation in the provisioning rates of chicks was associated primarily with temporal variation in food delivery at the level of the colony or with stochastic variation in food delivery at the level of the individual. We then discuss this variability in the context of nestling obesity. For all but the youngest chick age-classes, individual meals delivered by adults averaged 141 g, which was 25% of adult body mass. The proportion of chicks fed each night was low (49%) and highly variable (coefficient of variation = 82%), which means that occasional long intervals between feeds would be expected to arise simply by chance. In keeping with this, intervals between feeding events for individual chicks followed a negative exponential distribution with a mean of 2 nights and a maximum interval of 13 nights. There was significant temporal variation in food delivery, but deviations from expected values for both feeding frequency and meal size were restricted to a small number of nights, included values both higher and lower than expected and did not persist for more than 2 nights in succession. These data suggest that even among those species with very low feeding frequencies and occasional long intervals between feeds, nestling obesity in Procellariiformes should be regarded as a response to chronic stochastic variability in food delivery at the level of the individual chick rather than as insurance against sporadic temporal variation at the level of the colony.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pediatric radiology 12 (1982), S. 258-261 
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Keywords: Colon ; Aganglionosis ; Hirschsprung's disease ; Sigmoid stricture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The customary approach to the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease is based on the existence of a single distal aganglionic region extending to the anal margin. Segmental aganglionosis, however, may involve only a limited segment of colon which is interposed between lengths of normal bowel. Awareness of this variant aids in the interpretation of the barium enema in children with signs and symptoms of aganglionosis, especially when the rectal biopsy is normal.
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