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  • 2000-2004  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prophylactic intravesical instillation of mitomycin C and cytosine arabinoside for prevention of recurrent bladder tumors following surgery for upper urinary tract tumors: A prospective randomized study (2001)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    International journal of urology 8 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: A recurrence of bladder tumors following surgery for transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract is not rarely observed. A prospective randomized study was conducted to examine the significance of prophylactic intravesical instillation of mitomycin C (MMC) and cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) to prevent recurrent bladder tumors after surgery for superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract.Methods: The patients were randomized into an instillation group, who received postoperative intravesical instillation of MMC (20 mg) and Ara-C (200 mg) 28 times over a period of 2 years, and a non-instillation group. The non-recurrence rate was then compared between the groups.Results: Of the 27 patients registered, 25 patients (13 with instillation and 12 without instillation) were able to be evaluated, with a median follow-up period of 45 months. The non-recurrence rate of bladder tumors in the instillation group was higher than that in the non-instillation group. Although the difference was not statistically significant, the P-value (P = 0.079) demonstrated a strong trend. When any possible bias was allowed for a multivariate analysis, the difference was almost significant (P = 0.0567). No patients withdrew from this study due to any side-effects.Conclusion: The postoperative instillation of MMC and Ara-C may be a useful approach for reducing the recurrence of bladder tumors after surgery for upper urinary tract tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-2042.2001.00286.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genomic repertoire of human mesangial cells: comprehensive analysis of gene expression by cDNA array hybridization (2000)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    Nephrology 5 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1797
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Knowing when and where a gene is expressed in a cell often provides a strong clue as to its physiological role. It is estimated the human genome contains 80 000–100 000 genes. Assessment of gene activity on a global genome-wide scale is a fundamental and newly developed experimental strategy to expand the scope of biological investigation from a single gene to studying all genes at once in a systematic way. Capitalizing on the recently developed methodology of cDNA array hybridization, we monitored the simultaneous expression of thousands of genes in primary human mesangial cells. Complex α-33P-labelled cDNA probes were prepared from cultured mesangial cells. The probe was hybridized to a high-density array of 18 326 paired target genes. The radioactive hybridization signals were analysed by phosphorimager. Bioinformatics from public genomic databases was utilized to assign a chromosomal location of each expressed transcript. Approximately 7460 different gene transcripts were detected in mesangial cells. Close to 13% (957 genes) were full-length mRNA human transcripts (HTs), the remainder 6503 being expressed sequence tags (ESTs). Using special imaging computer software, the transcriptional level of the 957 HTs was compared with the expression of the ribosomal protein S28 (housekeeping gene). The HTs were also classified by function of the gene product and listed with information on their chromosomal loci. To allow comparison between clinical and experimental studies of gene expression, the detected human gene transcripts were cross-referenced to orthologous mouse genes. Thus, the presented data constitute a quantitative preliminary blueprint of the transcriptional map of the human mesangial cell. The information may serve as a resource for speeding up the discovery of genes underlying human glomerular diseases. The complete listing of the full-length expressed genes is available upon request via E-mail: (Abdalla_Rifai@Brown.edu).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1797.2000.00008.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental influence on electron scattering from a molecule (2001)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 57 (2001), S. 518-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The environmental influence on the electron scattering amplitudes of a molecule was evaluated by ab initio molecular-orbital calculations. The model system is formic acid in various states, i.e. the monomer, hydrogen-bonded dimer and ionized formate form. The model electrostatic potentials were calculated either in vacuo or with the polarizable continuum model as a simple model of an aqueous environment. It was found that charge compensation due to the environment affects the scattering amplitudes significantly. The resultant molecular electrostatic potential was fitted by six nucleus-centered Gaussians of site/environment-dependent atomic electrostatic potentials with small residual errors. Therefore, the site/environment-dependent atomic electrostatic potentials will give a good model for electron crystallography.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108767301006778
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