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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiley ; 2003
    In:  Journal of Animal Ecology Vol. 72, No. 4 ( 2003-07), p. 608-617
    In: Journal of Animal Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 72, No. 4 ( 2003-07), p. 608-617
    Abstract: Trophic position is a fundamental feature of food‐web structure, knowledge of which is being improved by stable isotope approaches which assume a constant enrichment in heavier isotopes in consumers relative to their diet. We argue that the typical enrichment reflects a dynamic equilibrium between fractionation vectors associated with assimilation and excretion. We develop a linear model to characterize the relationship between the equilibrium isotopic signature and the feeding rate influenced by isotopic discrimination during assimilation and excretion. We present new data for both diet switching and starvation experiments using a marine worm Nereis virens and use this, and previously published data for a fish, bird and mammal to calculate controlling parameters from observations of the isotopic signature following diet‐switching and the onset of starvation. We show that the observed variance in isotopic signatures at each trophic step carries substantially more information than has been used hitherto and is influenced by feeding rate in addition to the isotopic signature of the food source. Using the linear model as a tool we predict that parasitic organisms may be depleted relative to the tissues of their host.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8790 , 1365-2656
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2006616-8
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2004
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 61, No. 3 ( 2004-01-01), p. 351-362
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 61, No. 3 ( 2004-01-01), p. 351-362
    Abstract: Choice of sampling method and survey period can have an important impact on the perception of the structure and dynamics of an ecological community. For the Celtic Sea fish assemblage we compared data obtained by three different trawl surveys: an autumn groundfish survey with a GOV trawl, and a spring and an autumn groundfish survey, both carried out with a Portuguese high-headline trawl. Time-series of abundance estimates were not consistent among surveys for all species and were generally very noisy. An analysis of variance components showed that the sampling method contributed more to the variance in abundance estimates compared to survey period, interannual variability, or even sampling variance. Overall community assessments based on indicators such as proportions of non-commercial and piscivorous species, and the proportion of benthic species showed similar trends for all data series. The shape of the size spectrum based on abundances per length class summed over all fish species, although stable over time, was highly sensitive to the sampling method. With the exception of size spectra, community indicators for marine fish assemblages monitored by surveys seem to be robust to survey period and trawling gear, but species abundance trends are method dependent.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1095-9289 , 1054-3139
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2463178-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1468003-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 29056-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21,3
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  • 3
    In: Journal of Animal Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 70, No. 6 ( 2001-11), p. 934-944
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8790
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2006616-8
    SSG: 12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiley ; 2003
    In:  Marine Mammal Science Vol. 19, No. 4 ( 2003-10), p. 661-681
    In: Marine Mammal Science, Wiley, Vol. 19, No. 4 ( 2003-10), p. 661-681
    Abstract: We evaluated the utility of Ecosim for exploring interactions between cetacean predators, their prey, and fisheries. We formulated six Ecosim parameterizations, representing alternative hypotheses of feeding interactions (functional response) between cetaceans and their main fish prey, and examined differences in the predicted responses to simulated harvesting regimes for minke whales and their prey. Regardless of the type of function response formulated, intense fishing on the main fish prey of minke whales had a longer‐lasting negative impact on minke whales than when minke whale biomass was removed directly by harvesting. Consumption rate, biomass, feeding time and mortality of minke whales were all sensitive to the type of functional response specified. Inclusion of “handling time” limited minke whales consumption at high prey densities and predicted higher consumption at low prey densities; features characteristic of a type II functional response. Predicted decline and recovery rates of minke whales were slower than when consumption rates were not limited. Addition of “foraging time” adjustments resulted in more conservative estimates of decline and recovery. However, when “other mortality” was linked to time spent foraging, exposure to higher mortality at low prey densities, and reduced mortality at high prey densities resulted in dramatic differences in predicted biomass trajectory. Sensitivity to the “other mortality” assumption is important for cetaceans whose predation mortality is only a small proportion of total mortality. Differences in the feeding and biomass dynamics were also observed when prey availability to predators was represented by changes in prey vulnerability, confirming earlier reports that Ecosim predictions are sensitive to this parameter.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0824-0469 , 1748-7692
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 12787-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2218018-7
    SSG: 12
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