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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Overexpression of PACAP in Transgenic Mouse Pancreatic β-Cells Enhances Insulin Secretion and Ameliorates Streptozotocin-induced Diabetes
    American Diabetes Association ; 2003
    In:  Diabetes Vol. 52, No. 5 ( 2003-05-01), p. 1155-1162
    Details
    In: Diabetes, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 52, No. 5 ( 2003-05-01), p. 1155-1162
    Abstract: Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), a member of the vasoactive intestinal peptide/secretin/glucagon family, stimulates insulin secretion from islets in a glucose-dependent manner at femtomolar concentrations. To assess PACAP’s pancreatic function in vivo, we generated transgenic mice overexpressing PACAP in the pancreas under the control of human insulin promoter. Northern blot and immunohistochemical analyses showed that PACAP is overexpressed in pancreatic islets, specifically in transgenic mice. Plasma glucose and glucagon levels during a glucose tolerance test were not different between PACAP transgenic mice and nontransgenic littermates. However, plasma insulin levels in transgenic mice were higher after glucose loading. Also, increases of streptozotocin-induced plasma glucose were attenuated in transgenic compared with nontransgenic mice. Notably, an increase in 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine-positive β-cells in the streptozotocin-treated transgenic mice was observed but without differences in the staining patterns by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling. Morphometric analysis revealed that total islet mass tends to increase in 12-month-old transgenic mice but showed no difference between 12-week-old transgenic and nontransgenic littermates. This is the first time that PACAP has been observed to play an important role in the proliferation of β-cells.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-1797 , 1939-327X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.52.5.1155
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Diabetes Association
    Publication Date: 2003
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Histopathological study of venous aneurysms in patients with dural arteriovenous fistulas
    Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG) ; 2000
    In:  Journal of Neurosurgery Vol. 92, No. 6 ( 2000-06), p. 1023-1027
    Details
    In: Journal of Neurosurgery, Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG), Vol. 92, No. 6 ( 2000-06), p. 1023-1027
    Abstract: Object. Of all intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs), those with cortical venous drainage associated with cortical venous ectasia or varices are predisposed to an aggressive course and produce progressive neurological symptoms or hemorrhages. The authors undertook a histological examination of venous aneurysms and arterialized veins in the proximity of these aneurysms that had been surgically removed in patients with DAVFs. Methods. Surgical specimens were obtained in eight patients. The excised venous aneurysms and the arterialized veins in their proximity were stained using hematoxylin and eosin, van Gieson's elastic, and Masson's trichrome stain. Immunostaining was also performed for alpha smooth-muscle actin, desmin, and factor VIII antigen. Five of the patients had presented with venous hypertension, and three had intracranial hemorrhages. The arterialized vein obtained in the proximity of the venous aneurysm exhibited local irregular intimal thickening; the internal elastic lamina (IEL) was grossly preserved. All venous aneurysms in patients with venous hypertension manifested medial thickening and local intimal thickening with loss of IEL; the thickness of the wall was relatively uniform. In contrast, the wall thickness of venous aneurysms in patients with hemorrhage was extremely irregular and there was no clear delineation between the media and the intima. In media with complete disappearance of IEL, there was scant muscle tissue. Conclusions. Degenerative changes in venous aneurysms in patients with hemorrhage were much greater than in patients with venous hypertension, possibly because hemorrhages result from a more complicated interplay of anatomical, hemodynamic, and degenerative factors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3085
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3171/jns.2000.92.6.1023
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    RVK:
    XA 55270
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)
    Publication Date: 2000
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Induction and Activation of the Transcription Factor NFATc1 (NFAT2) Integrate RANKL Signaling in Terminal Differentiation of Osteoclasts
    Elsevier BV ; 2002
    In:  Developmental Cell Vol. 3, No. 6 ( 2002-12), p. 889-901
    Details
    In: Developmental Cell, Elsevier BV, Vol. 3, No. 6 ( 2002-12), p. 889-901
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1534-5807
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/S1534-5807(02)00369-6
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2053870-4
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Impaired production of naive T lymphocytes in human T-cell leukemia virus type I–infected individuals: its implications in the immunodeficient state
    American Society of Hematology ; 2001
    In:  Blood Vol. 97, No. 10 ( 2001-05-15), p. 3177-3183
    Details
    In: Blood, American Society of Hematology, Vol. 97, No. 10 ( 2001-05-15), p. 3177-3183
    Abstract: Opportunistic infections frequently occur in patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) carriers. However, the underlying mechanisms of such infections remain unknown. To clarify the mechanism of immunodeficiency in those infected with HTLV-I, this study analyzed the T-cell subsets in HTLV-I carriers and patients with HTLV-I–associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis and ATL using 3-color fluorescence with CD62L and CD45RA coexpression either with CD4+ or CD8+ T cells. The number of naive T lymphocytes was markedly suppressed in patients with ATL, particularly in those with acute form, compared with uninfected control individuals. The number of naive T cells was low in HTLV-I–infected individuals under 50 years old compared with uninfected individuals, whereas the number of memory T lymphocytes was greater in HTLV-I–infected individuals. Although the increase of memory T lymphocytes correlated with HTLV-I provirus loads, no relationship was found between naive T-cell counts and provirus loads. T-cell receptor rearrangement excision circles (TRECs), which are generated by DNA recombination during early T lymphopoiesis, were quantified to evaluate thymic function in HTLV-I–infected individuals. TREC levels were lower in HTLV-I–infected individuals than in uninfected individuals. In HTLV-I carriers less than 70 years old, an increase of Epstein-Barr virus DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was observed in 6 of 16 (38%) examined, whereas it was detectable in only 1 of 11 uninfected controls. These results suggested that the low number of naive T lymphocytes was due to suppressed production of T lymphocytes in the thymus, which might account for immunodeficiency observed in HTLV-I–infected individuals.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1528-0020 , 0006-4971
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1182/blood.V97.10.3177
    RVK:
    XA 33000
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Hematology
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1468538-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 80069-7
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ground‐based network observation of Asian dust events of April 1998 in east Asia
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2001
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 106, No. D16 ( 2001-08-27), p. 18345-18359
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 106, No. D16 ( 2001-08-27), p. 18345-18359
    Abstract: We coordinated a ground‐based network that has been in use since 1997 to observe Asian dust during springtime. Huge Asian dust events that occurred in the middle of April 1998 were captured by this network. In this paper we present the organization of the network; a description of the instruments, including the lidar, sky radiometer, and optical particle counter; and the results of the observation, and offer discussions regarding the transport mechanism of Asian dust in east Asia using an on‐line tracer model. We discussed the time series of the surface concentration and the height distribution of the dust. A cutoff cyclone generated during the dust episode was responsible for trapping and sedimentation during the transportation of the Asian dust, particularly in the southern parts of China and Japan. Horizontal dust images derived from NOAA/AVHRR clearly revealed the structure of the vortex. The lidar network observation confirmed the general pattern of dust height distribution in this event; the height of the major dust layer was about 3 km over Japan but was higher (4 to 5 km) in Seoul and Hefei. A thin dust layer in the upper troposphere was also commonly observed in Hefei and Japan. Evidence of the coexistence of dust and cirrus was shown by the polarization lidar. The lidar network observation of Asian dust and satellite remote sensing provide key information for the study of the transport mechanism of Asian dust. Further extension of the lidar network toward the interior of the continent and the Pacific Rim would reveal the greater global mechanism of the transportation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2000JD900554
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2001
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016804-4
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    SSG: 16,13
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