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  • SAGE Publications  (9)
  • 2000-2004  (9)
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  • SAGE Publications  (9)
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  • 2000-2004  (9)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Response to Antiretroviral Therapy among Patients Exposed to Three Classes of Antiretrovirals: Results from the Eurosida Study
    SAGE Publications ; 2002
    In:  Antiviral Therapy Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2002-01), p. 21-30
    Details
    In: Antiviral Therapy, SAGE Publications, Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2002-01), p. 21-30
    Abstract: There is an increasing proportion of HIV-positive patients exposed to all licensed classes of antiretrovirals, and the response to salvage regimens may be poor. Among over 8500 patients in EuroSIDA, the proportion of treated patients exposed to nucleosides, protease inhibitors (PIs) and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) increased from 0% in 1996 to 47% in 2001. Four-hundred-and-thirteen patients, who had failed virologically two highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimens and experienced all three main drug classes, started a salvage regimen of at least three drugs, in which at least one new PI or NNRTI was included. Median viral load was 4.7 log copies/ml [Interquartile range (IQR) 4.2–5.2], CD4 lymphocyte count 150/mm 3 (IQR 60–274/mm 3 ) and follow-up 14 months. Of these patients, 283 (69%) subsequently experienced at least a 1 log decline in viral load and 202 (49%) achieved a viral load 〈 500 copies/ml. Conversely, the CD4 count halved from the baseline value in 88 (21%), and 45 (11%) experienced a new AIDS-defining disease. In multivariable analyses, a 1 log viral load reduction was related to baseline viral load [relative hazard (RH) 1.27 per 1 log higher; P=0.008], a previous viral load of less than 500 copies/ml (RH 1.69; P=0.002), more recent initiation of the regimen (RH 1.36 per year more recent; P=0.02), number of new drugs in the regimen (RH 1.20 per drug; P=0.02), time since start of antiretroviral therapy (RH 0.94 per extra year; P=0.035) and time spent on HAART with viral load 〉 1000 copies/ml (RH 0.96 per extra month; P=0.0001). Analysis of factors associated with CD4 count decline and new AIDS disease also indicated improved outcomes in more recent times and a tendency for a better response in those starting more new drugs, but no relationship with the total number of drugs. Outcomes in people starting salvage regimens appear to depend on the number of new drugs started but not on the total number of drugs being used.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1359-6535 , 2040-2058
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/135965350200700103
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2118396-X
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Designing for damage—robust flight control design using sliding mode techniques
    SAGE Publications ; 2003
    In:  Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering Vol. 217, No. 5 ( 2003-05-01), p. 245-261
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering, SAGE Publications, Vol. 217, No. 5 ( 2003-05-01), p. 245-261
    Abstract: A brief review of sliding mode control is undertaken, with particular emphasis upon the effects of neglected parasitic dynamics. Sliding mode control as implemented with boundary layers is then interpreted in the frequency domain. The inclusion of asymptotic observers and reference model “hedging” is shown to reduce the effects of neglected parasitic dynamics. Application of the resulting observer/hedging-based sliding mode technique to the design of a robust longitudinal control system for a highly unstable aircraft is described. The sliding mode controller is shown to exhibit stability and performance robustness superior to that of a classical loop-shaped design when significant changes in vehicle and actuator dynamics are employed to model airframe damage.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0954-4100 , 2041-3025
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1243/095441003770887359
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2032759-6
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Baseline Resistance and Virological Outcome in Patients with Virological Failure who Start a Regimen Containing Abacavir: Eurosida Study
    SAGE Publications ; 2004
    In:  Antiviral Therapy Vol. 9, No. 5 ( 2004-07), p. 787-800
    Details
    In: Antiviral Therapy, SAGE Publications, Vol. 9, No. 5 ( 2004-07), p. 787-800
    Abstract: To investigate the ability of several HIV-1 drug-resistance interpretation systems, as well as the number of pre-specified combinations of abacavir-related mutations, to predict virological response to abacavir-containing regimens in antiretroviral therapy-experienced, abacavir-naive patients starting an abacavir-containing regimen in the EuroSIDA cohort. Patients and methods A total of 100 HIV-infected patients with viral load (VL) 〉 500 copies/ml who had a plasma sample available at the time of starting abacavir (baseline) were included. Resistance to abacavir was interpreted by using eight different commonly used systems that consisted of rules-based algorithms or tables of mutations. Correlation between baseline abacavir-resistance mutations and month 6 virological response was performed on this population using a multivariable linear regression model accounting for censored data. Results The baseline VL was 4.36 log 10 RNA copies/ml [interquartile range (IQR): 3.65–4.99 log 10 RNA copies/ml] and the median CD4 cell count was 210 cells/μl (IQR: 67–305 cells/μl). Our patients were pre-exposed to a median of seven antiretrovirals (2–12) before starting abacavir therapy. The median (range) number of abacavir mutations (according to the International AIDS Society-USA) detected at baseline was 3.5 (0–8). Overall, the Kaplan–Meier estimate of the median month 6 VL decline was 0.86 log 10 RNA copies/ml [95% confidence intervals (95% CI): 0.45–1.24]. The VL in those patients ( n=31) who intensified treatment by adding only abacavir decreased by a median 0.20 log 10 RNA copies/ml (95% CI: -0.18; +0.94). The proportion of patients who harboured viruses fully resistant to abacavir among the eight genotypic resistance interpretation algorithms ranged from 12% [Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le SIDA (ANRS)] to 79% [Stanford HIV RT and PR Sequence Database (HIVdb)] . Some interpretation systems showed statistically significant associations between the predicted resistance status and the virological response while others showed no consistent association. The number of active drugs in the regimen was associated with greater virological suppression (additional month 6 VL reduction per additional sensitive drug=0.51, 95% CI: 0.15–0.88, P=0.006); baseline VL was also weakly associated (additional month 6 VL reduction per log 10 higher=0.30, 95% CI: -0.02; +0.62, P=0.06). In contrast, the number of drugs previously received was associated with diminished viral reduction (additional month 6 VL reduction per additional drug=-0.14, 95% CI: -0.28; 0.00, P=0.05). Conclusions Our results revealed a high degree of variability among several genotypic resistance interpretation algorithms currently in use for abacavir. Therefore, the interpretation of genotypic resistance for predicting response to regimens containing abacavir remains a major challenge.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1359-6535 , 2040-2058
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/135965350400900509
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2118396-X
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Real-Time Performance Monitoring, Adaptive Control, and Interactive Steering of Computational Grids
    SAGE Publications ; 2000
    In:  The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications Vol. 14, No. 4 ( 2000-11), p. 357-366
    Details
    In: The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications, SAGE Publications, Vol. 14, No. 4 ( 2000-11), p. 357-366
    Abstract: To support creation of nimble applications for computational grids, the authors believe one must eliminate the barrier that separates program creation from execution and post-mortem optimization. This paper outlines an approach to dynamic performance adaptation and distributed optimization in the grid environment based on a suite of performance instrumentation, analysis, and presentation tools that includes distributed performance sensors and resource policy actuators, fuzzy logic rule bases for adaptive control, and immersive visualization systems for real-time visualization and direct manipulation of software behavior.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1094-3420 , 1741-2846
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/109434200001400407
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2000
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2017480-9
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    On The Other Side of the Mean: The Perception of Dissimilarity in Human Faces
    SAGE Publications ; 2000
    In:  Perception Vol. 29, No. 8 ( 2000-08), p. 885-891
    Details
    In: Perception, SAGE Publications, Vol. 29, No. 8 ( 2000-08), p. 885-891
    Abstract: We created a ‘face space’ using a laser-scan representation of faces. In this space, a caricature can be made by moving a face away from the average face, along the line connecting the particular face to the average face. Here, we move the face along this line in the other direction, proceeding through the mean and ‘out the other side’. This results in a face that is ‘opposite’, in a computational sense, to the original face. We morphed several faces into their anti-faces and sampled the morph trajectory in five discrete steps. We then collected similarity ratings from human participants for all possible pairs of morphed faces to determine how the distances in the ‘physical face space’ related to the distances in the ‘psychological face space’. The data indicate that there is a perceptual discontinuity of face identity as the face crosses over to the ‘other side of the mean’. We consider these results in the context of face-space models of human face processing.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0301-0066 , 1468-4233
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1068/p2851
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2000
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2013004-1
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cardiomyoplasty: Long-term results in ischemic cardiomyopathy
    SAGE Publications ; 2001
    In:  The International Journal of Artificial Organs Vol. 24, No. 3 ( 2001-03), p. 152-156
    Details
    In: The International Journal of Artificial Organs, SAGE Publications, Vol. 24, No. 3 ( 2001-03), p. 152-156
    Abstract: Cardiomyoplasty was introduced into clinical practice in 1985 by Alain Carpentier. Since then, the procedure has been performed on more than 400 patients worldwide. The latissimus dorsi muscle is prepared maintaining the vascular supply, then the muscle flap is wrapped around the heart and connected to a cardiomyostimulator. The muscle is later stimulated synchronously with ventricular systole to augment the cardiac contractility. Methods To evaluate the long-term outcome of cardiomyoplasty, we investigated 3 patients electively undergoing this procedure in our hospital. All of these patients (2 male, 1 female) had severe chronic heart failure which did not respond to optimal medical treatment. The mean follow-up time was 42 months (range 24 - 60). All patients showed symptoms corresponding to NYHA class III, and one patient intermittently showed class IV despite conventional medical therapy. Patients were evaluated at 6-month intervals for 2 years with right heart catheterization, radionuclide scans, echocardiography, as well as questionnaires for assessing quality of life. Results There was no operative mortality. One patient experienced sudden death 2 years after operation. There were no significant changes in hemodynamic variables at 6, 12 or 24 months after surgery, respectively. Left ventricular ejection fraction increased from 20.0 (9.2 to 40.0 ± 7.1 % (p = 0.05) 1 year after operation. Considerable improvement of symptoms was seen in all, and 1 patient returned to work. NYHA-class decreased from 3.1 to 2.0 (p = 0.02). Conclusions Following cardiomyoplasty, patients may exhibit impressive clinical improvement with less striking changes of objective hemodynamic parameters. Thus, in our patients, dynamic cardiomyoplasty improves quality of life. We do not consider this treatment to be an alternative to heart transplantation. It does, however, provide a therapeutic option for patients for whom transplantation is contraindicated.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0391-3988 , 1724-6040
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/039139880102400307
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1474999-3
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Assessment of Left Mammary Artery Grafts (LIMA) to Left Anterior Descending Artery (LAD) after Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting by Color Doppler
    SAGE Publications ; 2002
    In:  Cardiovascular Surgery Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2002-02), p. 49-51
    Details
    In: Cardiovascular Surgery, SAGE Publications, Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2002-02), p. 49-51
    Abstract: Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) on a beating heart with a LIMA graft to the LAD is established for patients with one vessel disease. The aim of the study was to assess the LIMA patency noninvasive by transcutaneous duplex ultrasound. Methods: 25 patients (16 male, 9 female, mean age 58±13 yr) with LIMA grafts to LAD by OPCAB procedures were studied 7–20 days after surgery. Doppler velocity parameters were measured by use of a 7 MHz transducer placed in left intercostal space. The conventional coronary angiographies performed showed the LIMA graft patent. Results: In all cases a typical biphasic pattern of blood flow was recorded with forward flow in both systole and diastole respectively. Under basal conditions the mean peak velocities in systole were 0.36 m/s and the mean peak velocities in diastole were 0.27 m/s with a mean systolic/diastolic ratio of 1.33. Conclusion: Transcutaneous Doppler ultrasound is useful in the detection of the LIMA graft flow. This non-invasive technique may find applications for routine postoperative follow-up of patients with LIMA grafts.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0967-2109
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/096721090201000112
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2143006-8
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Book Review: The Topos of Music. Geometric Logic of Concepts, Theory, and Performance
    SAGE Publications ; 2003
    In:  Musicae Scientiae Vol. 7, No. 2 ( 2003-09), p. 315-321
    Details
    In: Musicae Scientiae, SAGE Publications, Vol. 7, No. 2 ( 2003-09), p. 315-321
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1029-8649 , 2045-4147
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/102986490300700209
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2609855-6
    SSG: 9,2
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Long-Term Effectiveness of Operative Procedures for Stanford Type A Aortic Dissections
    SAGE Publications ; 2003
    In:  Cardiovascular Surgery Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2003-08), p. 265-272
    Details
    In: Cardiovascular Surgery, SAGE Publications, Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2003-08), p. 265-272
    Abstract: To evaluate long-term effectiveness of strategies for managing the aortic root and distal aorta in type A dissections. Methods: From 1990 to 1999, 50 patients (32 men, 64.07%; 18 women, 36.0%; mean age 57.4 y ± 11.1) underwent operation for ascending aortic dissection. Surgical strategies included aortic root replacement with a composite graft (21/50; 42.0%), valve replacement with supracoronary ascending aortic graft (3/50, 6%), and valve preservation or repair (26/50; 52.0%). Results: Overall hospital mortality rate was 18.0%. Follow-up was completed for 47 patients (94.0%) and ranged from 1 month to 10.5 years (mean 28.8 months). Actuarial survival for patients discharged from the hospital was 84% at 1 year, 75% at 5 years, and 66% at 10 years. There was no significant difference between the various procedures regarding mortality, neurological complications, long term survival and proximal re-operations. The ascending aorta alone was replaced in 8/50 patients (16%), ascending and hemiarch in 30/50 patients (60%) and arch and proximal descending aorta in 12/50 patients (24%) Hospital mortality (11.5, 20.0 and 16.7% respectively; p 〉 0.05) and 5- and 10-year survival ( p 〉 0.05) were not statistically dependent on the extension of the resection distally. Residual distal dissection was not associated with a decrease in late survival. With regard to emergency surgery (36/50) there was no significant difference in hospital mortality ( p 〉 0.05) and 5 year survival ( p 〉 0.05) between those who had undergone coronary angiography (19/36; 52.8%) on the day of surgery with those who had not (17/36; 47.2%). Conclusions: Preservation or repair of the aortic valve can be recommended in the majority of patients with type A dissection. Distal extension of the resection does not increase surgical risk. Residual distal dissection does not decrease late survival. Preoperative coronary angiography may not affect survival in patients undergoing emergency surgery.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0967-2109
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/096721090301100404
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2143006-8
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