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  • American Society for Microbiology  (12)
  • 2000-2004  (12)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Use of Denaturing High-Performance Liquid Chromatography To Identify Bacillus anthracis by Analysis of the 16S-23S rRNA Interspacer Region and gyrA Gene
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2003
    In:  Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 41, No. 10 ( 2003-10), p. 4758-4766
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 41, No. 10 ( 2003-10), p. 4758-4766
    Abstract: Denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) was evaluated as a method for identifying Bacillus anthracis by analyzing two chromosomal targets, the 16S-23S intergenic spacer region (ISR) and the gyrA gene. The 16S-23S ISR was analyzed by this method with 42 strains of B. anthracis , 36 strains of Bacillus cereus , and 12 strains of Bacillus thuringiensis ; the gyrA gene was analyzed by this method with 33 strains of B. anthracis , 27 strains of B. cereus , and 9 strains of B. thuringiensis . Two blind panels of 45 samples each were analyzed to evaluate the potential diagnostic capability of this method. Our results show that DHPLC is an efficient method for the identification of B. anthracis .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-1137 , 1098-660X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JCM.41.10.4758-4766.2003
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498353-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Human Natural Killer Cells Mediate Killing of Intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv via Granule-Independent Mechanisms
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2001
    In:  Infection and Immunity Vol. 69, No. 3 ( 2001-03), p. 1755-1765
    Details
    In: Infection and Immunity, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 69, No. 3 ( 2001-03), p. 1755-1765
    Abstract: Despite the continued importance of tuberculosis as a world-wide threat to public health, little is known about the mechanisms used by human lymphocytes to contain and kill the intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis . We previously described an in vitro model of infection of human monocytes (MN) with virulent M. tuberculosis strain H37Rv in which the ability of peripheral blood lymphocytes to limit intracellular growth of the organism could be measured. In the current study, we determined that lymphocyte-mediated killing of intracellular M. tuberculosis occurs within the first 24 h of coculture with infected MN. Natural killer (NK) cells isolated from both purified protein derivative (PPD)-positive and PPD-negative subjects were capable of mediating this early killing of intracellular H37Rv. NK cell-mediated killing of intracellular M. tuberculosis was not associated with the production of gamma interferon. Transferred supernatants of cocultured NK cells and M. tuberculosis -infected MN could not mediate the killing of intracellular M. tuberculosis , and Transwell studies indicated that direct cell-to-cell contact was required for NK cells to mediate the killing of the organism. Killing was not dependent upon exocytosis of NK cell cytotoxic granules. NK cells induced apoptosis of mycobacterium-infected MN, but neither killing of intracellular M. tuberculosis by NK cells nor NK cell-induced apoptosis of infected MN was inhibited by blocking the interaction of FasL and Fas. Thus, human NK cells may mediate killing of intracellular M. tuberculosis via alternative apoptotic pathways.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0019-9567 , 1098-5522
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/IAI.69.3.1755-1765.2001
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483247-1
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Detection of the Bacillus anthracis gyrA Gene by Using a Minor Groove Binder Probe
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2004
    In:  Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 42, No. 1 ( 2004-01), p. 179-185
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 42, No. 1 ( 2004-01), p. 179-185
    Abstract: Identification of chromosomal markers for rapid detection of Bacillus anthracis is difficult because significant chromosomal homology exists among B. anthracis , Bacillus cereus , and Bacillus thuringiensis . We evaluated the bacterial gyrA gene as a potential chromosomal marker for B. anthracis . A real-time PCR assay was developed for the detection of B. anthracis . After analysis of the unique nucleotide sequence of the B. anthracis gyrA gene, a fluorescent 3′ minor groove binding probe was tested with 171 organisms from 29 genera of bacteria, including 102 Bacillus strains. The assay was found to be specific for all 43 strains of B. anthracis tested. In addition, a test panel of 105 samples was analyzed to evaluate the potential diagnostic capability of the assay. The assay showed 100% specificity, demonstrating the usefulness of the gyrA gene as a specific chromosomal marker for B. anthracis .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-1137 , 1098-660X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JCM.42.1.179-185.2004
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498353-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Population Structure and Genetic Diversity of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Strains Isolated from Localized Juvenile Periodontitis Patients
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2002
    In:  Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 40, No. 4 ( 2002-04), p. 1181-1187
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 40, No. 4 ( 2002-04), p. 1181-1187
    Abstract: The phylogeny of 20 Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strains isolated from patients with localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP) was investigated by using partial sequence analysis of 16S rRNA genes, arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR), and four additional PCR assays that amplified polymorphic regions in the leukotoxin ( lkt ), cytolethal distending toxin ( cdt ), major fimbrial subunit ( flp-1 ), and serotype-specific O polysaccharide gene clusters. Our analysis also included four strains isolated from healthy subjects and nine reference strains. We found that A. actinomycetemcomitans strains comprised three major phylogenetic lineages. One lineage consisted of serotype b strains, a second lineage consisted of serotype c strains, and a third lineage consisted of serotype a, d, e, and f strains. 16S rRNA sequences within each lineage were highly conserved ( 〈 1% base substitutions), whereas sequences between lineages were exceptionally divergent (1.9 to 5.0% substitutions). Two strains exhibited 16S rRNA sequences that were even more distantly related to those of the three major lineages (2.7 to 6.7% substitutions), indicating that additional minor lineages or variants exist. The distribution of 16S rRNA sequences and lkt , cdt , flp-1 , and AP-PCR genotypes was consistent with a clonal population structure, with little evidence of assortative recombination between strains of different serotypes. Strains from all three major lineages were recovered from LJP patients, suggesting that phylogenetically diverse strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans carry pathogenic potential.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-1137 , 1098-660X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JCM.40.4.1181-1187.2002
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498353-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Use of IMiD3, a Thalidomide Analog, as an Adjunct to Therapy for Experimental Tuberculous Meningitis
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2002
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 46, No. 7 ( 2002-07), p. 2313-2313
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 46, No. 7 ( 2002-07), p. 2313-2313
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.46.7.2313.2002
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Adjuvant Activity of Emulsan, a Secreted Lipopolysaccharide from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2002
    In:  Clinical and Vaccine Immunology Vol. 9, No. 6 ( 2002-11), p. 1240-1247
    Details
    In: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 9, No. 6 ( 2002-11), p. 1240-1247
    Abstract: Several promising adjuvant candidates have been studied over the past 75 years; however, only alum is currently approved for human use. The complex acylated polysaccharide emulsan, secreted from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus , represents a new candidate. Unique features of this family of polymers are their amenability to structural tailoring and their emulsification behavior. We demonstrate that emulsan activates macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. This activation is dependent on the presence of the fatty acid side chains that decorate the polysaccharide backbone, and, furthermore, the level of activation can be affected by changes in the chemical characteristics of emulsan structural variants. One emulsan variant was examined in a classical hapten carrier immunization protocol and demonstrated significant adjuvant activity as determined by hapten-specific antibody titers. This immune response was characterized by a high immunoglobulin G2a titer, consistent with a Th1 response. The significant immunopotentiation demonstrated by this complex polymer establishes emulsan as an exciting new candidate adjuvant. Furthermore, by manipulating the chemical structure of this compound, we can explore the physical basis of pattern recognition receptors and macrophage activation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1556-6811 , 1556-679X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/CDLI.9.6.1240-1247.2002
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496863-0
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Use of IMiD3, a Thalidomide Analog, as an Adjunct to Therapy for Experimental Tuberculous Meningitis
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2002
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 46, No. 6 ( 2002-06), p. 1887-1895
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 46, No. 6 ( 2002-06), p. 1887-1895
    Abstract: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM), the most severe form of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in humans, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality despite successful treatment with antituberculous drugs. This is due to the irreversible brain damage subsequent to the local inflammatory response of the host to M. tuberculosis. Corticosteroids have been used in conjunction with antituberculous therapy in an attempt to modulate the inflammatory response, but this strategy has been of limited success. Therefore, we examined whether combining antituberculous drugs with the immunomodulatory drug thalidomide or with a new thalidomide analog, immunomodulatory drug 3 (IMiD3), would be effective in reducing morbidity and mortality in an experimental rabbit model of TBM. Intracisternal inoculation of 5 × 10 4 CFU of Mycobacterium bovis Ravenel in rabbits induced progressive subacute meningitis characterized by high cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leukocytosis, protein influx, release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), substantial meningeal inflammation, and mortality by day 28. Treatment with antituberculous drugs or with antituberculous drugs plus thalidomide improved the clinical course of disease somewhat and increased survival to about 50%. In contrast, treatment with antituberculous drugs in combination with IMiD3 limited pathological neurologic changes and resulted in marked improvement (73%) in survival. IMiD3 treatment was also associated with reduced leukocytosis in the CSF and significantly lower levels of TNF in CSF and plasma. Histologically, the meningeal inflammation in animals treated with antituberculous drugs plus IMiD3 was considerably attenuated compared to that of the other treatment groups. These results suggest a potential role for IMiD3 in the management of TBM in patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.46.6.1887-1895.2002
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Structural and Genetic Analyses of O Polysaccharide from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Serotype f
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2001
    In:  Infection and Immunity Vol. 69, No. 9 ( 2001-09), p. 5375-5384
    Details
    In: Infection and Immunity, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 69, No. 9 ( 2001-09), p. 5375-5384
    Abstract: The oral bacterium Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is implicated as a causative agent of localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP). A. actinomycetemcomitans is classified into five serotypes (a to e) corresponding to five structurally and antigenically distinct O polysaccharide (O-PS) components of their respective lipopolysaccharide molecules. Serotype b has been reported to be the dominant serotype isolated from LJP patients. We determined the lipopolysaccharide O-PS structure from A. actinomycetemcomitans CU1000, a strain isolated from a 13-year-old African-American female with LJP which had previously been classified as serotype b. The O-PS of strain CU1000 consisted of a trisaccharide repeating unit composed of l -rhamnose and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy- d -galactose (molar ratio, 2:1) with the structure →2)-α- l -Rha p -(1–3)-2- O -(β- d -Gal p NAc)-α- l -Rha p -(1→. O-PS from strain CU1000 was structurally and antigenically distinct from the O-PS molecules of the five known A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes. Strain CU1000 was mutagenized with transposon IS 903 φ kan , and three mutants that were deficient in O-PS synthesis were isolated. All three transposon insertions mapped to a single 1-kb region on the chromosome. The DNA sequence of a 13.1-kb region surrounding these transposon insertions contained a cluster of 14 open reading frames that was homologous to gene clusters responsible for the synthesis of A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype b, c, and e O-PS antigens. The CU1000 gene cluster contained two genes that were not present in serotype-specific O-PS antigen clusters of the other five known A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes. These data indicate that strain CU1000 should be assigned to a new A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype, designated serotype f. A PCR assay using serotype-specific PCR primers showed that 3 out of 20 LJP patients surveyed (15%) harbored A. actinomycetemcomitans strains carrying the serotype f gene cluster. The finding of an A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype showing serological cross-reactivity with anti-serotype b-specific antiserum suggests that a reevaluation of strains previously classified as serotype b may be warranted.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0019-9567 , 1098-5522
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/IAI.69.9.5375-5384.2001
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483247-1
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Hematologic Effects of Linezolid: Summary of Clinical Experience
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2002
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 46, No. 8 ( 2002-08), p. 2723-2726
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 46, No. 8 ( 2002-08), p. 2723-2726
    Abstract: Linezolid has been associated with reversible myelosuppression. Clinical trial data were evaluated for anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia. Thrombocytopenia and a slight increased risk for anemia were evident at ≥2 weeks of linezolid treatment. Hematologic abnormalities were consistent with mild, reversible, duration-dependent myelosuppression. Appropriate monitoring is warranted with linezolid use.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.46.8.2723-2726.2002
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Direct Incorporation of Glucosamine and N -Acetylglucosamine into Exopolymers by Gluconacetobacter xylinus (= Acetobacter xylinum ) ATCC 10245: Production of Chitosan-Cellulose and Chitin-Cellulose Exopolymers
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2001
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 67, No. 9 ( 2001-09), p. 3970-3975
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 67, No. 9 ( 2001-09), p. 3970-3975
    Abstract: Gluconacetobacter xylinus (= Acetobacter xylinum ) ATCC 10245 incorporated 2-amino-2-deoxy- d -glucose (glucosamine) and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy- d -glucose ( N -acetylglucosamine), but not 3- O -methyl- d -glucose or 2-deoxy- d -glucose into exopolymers. Incorporation was confirmed by gas chromatography with and without mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared, and 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance. The average molar percentage of glucosamine and N -acetylglucosamine in the exopolymers was about 18%.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.67.9.3970-3975.2001
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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