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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    BTS 72664 – A Novel CNS Drug With Potential Anticonvulsant, Neuroprotective, and Antimigraine Properties (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    CNS drug reviews 7 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1527-3458
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: BTS 72664, (R)-7-[1-(4-chlorophenoxy)]ethyl]-1,2,4-triazolo(1,5-α)pyrimidine, was identified as a drug development candidate from a research program designed to discover novel, broad-spectrum, non-sedative anticonvulsant drugs. BTS 72664 antagonized bicuculline (BIC)- and maximal electroshock (MES)-induced convulsions with ED50 values of 1.9 and 47.5 mg/kg p.o., respectively. In rodents, it has a wide spectrum of activity preventing seizures induced by picrotoxin, pentylenetetrazol, i.c.v. 4-aminopyridine or NMD A, and audiogenic seizures in DBA-2 mice and GEPR-9 rats. BTS 72664 was also effective in preventing convulsions in amygdala-kindled rats The lack of sedative potential was predicted on the basis of wide separation between ED50 in anticonvulsant models and TD50 for motor impairment in mice in rotating rod and inverted horizontal grid tests. BTS 72664 is likely to produce its anticonvulsant effect by enhancing chloride currents through picrotoxin-sensitive chloride channels, and by weak inhibition of Na+ and NMDA channels. It does not act, however, at the benzodiazepine binding site. In addition to its potential use in the treatment of epilepsy BTS 72664 may be useful in the treatment of stroke. At 50 mg/kg p.o. x 4, given to rats at 12 hourly intervals, starting at 15 min after permanent occlusion of middle cerebral artery (MCA), it reduced cerebral infarct size by 31% (measured at 2 days after insult) and accelerated recovery in a functional behavioral model. BTS 72664 prevented increases in extraneuronal concentrations of glutamate, glycine and serine brain levels induced by a cortical insult to rats (cf. cortical spreading depression). It may, therefore, have also antimigraine activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-3458.2001.tb00193.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of dental implant spacing on peri-implant bone using the rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus) tibia model (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of prosthodontics 10 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1532-849X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Purpose This study investigated the effects of implant proximity on inter-implant bone height, density, and osseointegration using digital radiography and histology.Materials and Methods After a feasibility study, a total of 80 endosteal implants were placed in 20 New Zealand White Rabbit tibias. With the aid of a surgical jig, four 8.5-mm implants were placed in the medial aspect of the tibial crest at inter-implant distances of approximately 1, 1.5, and 3 mm. Standardized digital radiographs using a paralleling device were made immediately after placement of implants. Implants were allowed to osseointegrate for 90 days. After this healing period, the animals were sacrificed, and the standardized radiographs were repeated. The tibias were harvested, processed, and invested in epoxy. Sagittal sections were made from each specimen for histologic evaluation. The initial and postmortem digital radiographs were evaluated for inter-implant distances, vertical bone height changes over time and between implant pairs, and bone density changes over time and between implant pairs using a computer image analysis program and computer statistics program.Results The actual inter-implant distances were consistent in a range of 0.2 mm. Bone height increased significantly from presurgical levels at all 3 locations (p 〈 .0005). Repeated measures analysis of variance comparing change in bone height at the 3 implant pair distances showed significant differences among the 3 (p= .002). Paired t tests showed that the amount of bone growth at the 1-mm separation site was significantly greater than the 1.5-mm site (p= .026) and the 3-mm site (p= .001), whereas bone growth at the 1.5- and 3-mm sites did not show significant differences (p= .162). A repeated measures analysis of variance comparing change in bone density showed no significant differences (p 〉 .05) among the 3 inter-implant distances for either the 8-mm position (approximately crestal bone height) or the 6-mm position (approximately 2 mm subcrestal).Conclusions Within the limits of this study, it seems placing implants closely together does not adversely affect bone height or density. Conversely, it seems that placing implants closer together may increase bone growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-849X.2001.00154.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical, Electrocardiographic, and Biochemical Data for Immediate Risk Stratification in Acute Coronary Syndromes (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of noninvasive electrocardiology 6 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1542-474X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The recent evolution in therapeutic options for acute coronary syndromes (ACS) mandates early risk stratification in order to select the appropriate treatment strategy for individual patients. Simple clinical data derived from the patient's medical history and physical examination, a standard twelve-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), and determinations of biochemical markers of myocardial damage can be obtained in the emergency room and serve as a guide for deciding appropriate medical management and optimal use of available resources. Even the most important classification of the ACS is based upon a simple and dichotomous description of the ECG, where the presence of ST-segment elevation mandates an immediate attempt to restore coronary perfusion (either pharmacologically or mechanically), whereas its absence suggests pharmacological stabilization before further evaluation. Across the whole spectrum of ACS, clinical history data (such as older age, previous coronary events, and diabetes) and clinical variables (such as higher heart rate, lower blood pressure, and higher Killip class) are the most powerful prognostic determinants at multivariate analyses derived from large databases. The ECG adds significant and independent prognostic information using the analysis of qualitative (direction of ST-segment shift, associated T-wave inversion, and presence of conduction disturbances) and quantitative (number of leads involved, amount of ST- segment shifts, duration of QRS) characteristics. Biochemical markers of myocardial damage have also been identified as independent predictors of events. In addition, retrospective analyses of clinical trials have suggested that biochemical markers might serve as a guide to select pharmacological therapy. However, how to best combine electrocardiographic and biochemical data for immediate risk stratification remains to be further elucidated. A.N.E. 2001;6(1):64–77
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1542-474X.2001.tb00088.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experience with a Portable Digital C-Arm System for Cardiac Catheterization and Intervention (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of interventional cardiology 13 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8183
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Recently, portable C-arm systems have been developed for cardiac studies. While these systems have been used at a number of centers on a small scale for procedures in the operating room, emergency room, or intensive care unit, there are no published data on the performance of the system under more demanding circumstances. Theoretically, a reliable portable C-arm system could provide a low-cost alternative to a fixed system in centers with limited resources, such as in developing countries. To test whether a portable C-arm system could substitute for a permanent laboratory for cardiac catheterization and interventional procedures, we used a C-arm system as our sole catheterization laboratory for a period of 3 months. The system's performance was compared to a comparable time period using a fixed catheterization laboratory system. The portable system was used to perform 222 procedures (36 interventional and 186 diagnostic), as compared to 236 procedures (30 interventional and 206 diagnostic) with the fixed lab during a comparable time period the preceding year. Although the image quality of the portable system was not as good as with the fixed laboratory, all procedures were performed successfully, with no difference in fluoroscopic time, radiation exposure to the patient, procedure related complications, or clinical restenosis at 1 year. However, radiation exposure to staff was greater, possibly due to the lack of shielding in the temporary lab and the need for the technician to remain close to the unit to set up views. Our results suggest that a portable C-arm system, while subject to some limitations, can perform as a general catheterization laboratory for diagnostic and interventional procedures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8183.2000.tb00269.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of a Cardiac Arrest Score in Patients with Sudden Death and ST Segment Elevation for Triage to Angiography and Intervention (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of interventional cardiology 15 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8183
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aim of this study was to test a previously validated, prognostic, cardiac arrest score in patients with ST segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who suffereda witnessed cardiac arrest and survived to emergency department admission. A consecutive series constructed retrospectively from a sudden death database (n= 22) of patients with ST segment elevation AMI resuscitated from cardiac arrest underwent angiography and angioplasty of the culprit vessel within 24 hours of presentation. A cardiac arrest score was assigned to each case by explicit criteria present on evaluation. Primary outcomes were survival to hospital discharge and the degree of neurological recovery during the hospitalization. All patients underwent successful coronary angioplasty and 77% received adjunctive intraaortic balloon counterpulsation. The overall rate of survival to discharge was 41%. For cardiac arrest scores of 0, 1, 2, and 3, respectively, the rates of neurologic recovery were 0 (0%) of 4 (95% CI 0–53%), 3 (50%) of 6 (95% CI 15–85%), 2 (67%) of 3 (95% CI 13–98%), and 9 (100%) of 9 (95% CI 72–100%), and the rates of survival to discharge were 0(0%) of 4, (95% CI 0–53%), 2 (33%) of 6 (95% CI 6–74%), 2 (67%) of 3 (95% CI 13–98%), and 9 (100%) of 9 (95% CI 72–100%), P〈0.01 for both outcomes over ascending scores. These results suggest appropriate patients for primary angioplasty after cardiac arrest are those with ST segment elevation AMI and an emergency department cardiac arrest score of ≥2, thus predicting a11 (92%) of 12 (95% CI 65–100%) chance of survival to discharge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8183.2002.tb01100.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monitoring of Platelet Function in the Setting of Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitor Therapy (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of interventional cardiology 15 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8183
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The role of the platelet in the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndromes is clearly established. In addition, the beneficial effects of oral and intravenous platelet inhibitor therapies were demonstrated in multiple, large, randomized clinical trials. However, despite these advances, current antiplatelet therapy fails to prevent coronary events in a substantial proportion of patients. One possible explanation for this phenomenon is that antiplatelet medications are administered without monitoring of the response to therapy. For example, oral antiplatelet therapy is administered as a standard dose for all patients, while intravenous inhibitors of the platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor are dosed based on patient body weight. A major limitation of measuring platelet function has been that no practical test exists. The historic gold standard, bleeding time, was a very crude measure of platelet function with limited clinical utility. The current “gold standard,” turbidimetric aggregometery, requires a central laboratory and is cumbersome to perform. Fortunately, a number of new tests with rapid turnaround time can be performed at the patient's bedside. This article discusses the details regarding the performance, advantages, disadvantages, and available data related to clinical use of each test in populations with coronary disease and patients treated with antiplatelet therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8183.2002.tb01035.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sexual Protective Strategies of Late Adolescent Females: More Than Just Condoms (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of obstetric, gynecologic and neonatal nursing 30 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1552-6909
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To identify the sexual protective strategies of late adolescent heterosexual women.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Design: Open-ended questioning regarding sexual protective strategies was included in a larger cross-sectional survey on sexual risk. Participants' responses were recorded verbatim and analyzed using content analysis.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Participants: 234 African American, Hispanic/Latina, and non-Hispanic white 19- to 21-year-old females were recruited from the driver's license records of a mid-Atlantic state.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Main Outcome Measures: Participants re-1 to the on-ended question, “How or what do you do to reduce your risk for sexually transmitted diseases and HIV?”〈section xml:id="abs1-5"〉〈title type="main"〉Results: Seven primary sexual protective strategies were identified from participants' responses: using condoms, abstaining or postponing sexual intercourse, getting tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted diseases (SIDs), selecting safe partners, negotiating condom use, talking about sexual risk histories, and limiting the number of sexual partners.〈section xml:id="abs1-6"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions: Some of the sexual protective strategies identified by study participants were less than effective and left young women vulnerable to infection with HIV and STDs. In addition, the use of these alternative strategies may leave young women feeling less at risk and thus less likely to use other more effective strategies such as condoms. The implications for nursing practice and the assessment of the sexual protective strategies of young heterosexual women are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-6909.2001.tb01562.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebrospinal fluid nitrite/nitrate predicts poor outcome in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 85 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The study aimed to relate CSF levels of nitric oxide metabolites and oxyhemoglobin (OxyHb) to the clinical outcome measures in patients after SAH. The study group comprised 10 SAH patients and 10 controls. CSF total nitrite/nitrate (NOx) concentration was measured by a vanadium-based assay while OxyHb level by spectrophotometry. There was a significant correlation between CSF concentrations of NOx and OxyHb (P = 0.001, r = 0.87). When the impact of bleeding into CSF was considered, patients with good outcome had significantly lower CSF NOx than those with bad outcome (P = 0.007). This study demonstrates that after SAH, CSF NOx levels correlate with OxHb and high CSF NOx predicted poor outcome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.85.s2.18_8.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of submucous fibroids on the dose-dependent modulation of uterine bleeding by trimegestone in postmenopausal women treated with hormone replacement therapy (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 107 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To assess the value of identifying endometrial structural abnormalities at baseline hysteroscopy in predicting the pattern of bleeding in postmenopausal women treated with hormone replacement therapy.Design A randomised, double-blind, dose-ranging study.Setting A teaching hospital in the UK.Population One hundred and seventy-six healthy postmenopausal women.Methods Women were randomised to receive one of four doses of oral trimegestone (0.05, 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 mg per day), from day 15–28, and a daily dose of 2 mg oral micronised oestradiol for six treatment cycles. Women completed diaries in which the bleeding episodes were recorded. Hysteroscopy under local anaesthesia and endometrial biopsy were performed at baseline and on day 24 of the last treatment cycle.Results Women with submucous fibroids had more prolonged (P= 0.026) and heavier (P= 0.002) progestogen-associated bleeding (odds ratio 4.54). The incidence of intermenstrual bleeding, but not its duration or severity, was higher in women with submucous fibroids (P= 0.017). There was a clear dose-dependent effect of trimegestone, with a consistently later onset of progestogen-associated bleeding occurring with increasing doses of trimegestone (P 〈 0.001), and such episodes became progressively lighter and of shorter duration over time (P 〈 0.001).Conclusion Hysteroscopic evaluation of the endometrial cavity in women treated with hormone replacement therapy, predicts the occurrence of heavy and unscheduled bleeding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2000.tb13227.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deregulation in the Electric Utility Industry: Excess Capacity and the Transition to a Long-Run Competitive Market (2004)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 35 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes:   Existing analyses of electricity deregulation have focused on situations where horizontal market power is present. This paper instead evaluates a market where a competitive outcome is more likely. Competitive market supply and demand curves for electricity have been simulated for a twenty-state region. These simulated supply and demand curves are used to predict short-run and long-run prices for electric power. Many consumers will see a drop in the portion of their electric bills accounted for by the current economic costs of supplying them with electricity. Adjustments to consumers’ bills for stranded cost recovery will be determined by legislators and regulators on a state-by-state and utility-by-utility basis. Because of excess capacity that currently exists in the industry, the decline in prices will be greater in the short run than in the long run.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0017-4815.2004.00235.x
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