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  • 1970-1974  (1)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Nitrogen is the single most limiting factor for rice production. Detailed knowledge on nitrogen dynamics in rice fields is therefore of major importance for developing sustainable rice production. A combination of state-of-the-art microsensor, stable isotope tracer, and molecular techniques was used to evaluate coupled nitrification–denitrification potentials and community structure of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in a high yield irrigated rice cropping system in the Philippines, without the use of microcosm incubations. The multiple approaches showed a high degree of concordance among methods and thereby clarified the investigated processes. Numbers and potential activity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the system reflected the availability of substrate in three defined soil factions with a ranking of: surface soil 〉 rhizosphere 〉 bulk soil. No nitrification activity was measured between spit applications of N fertilizer. However, nitrification was induced upon nitrogen amendment in intact soil cores. Despite induction by nitrogen amendment, the loss of nitrogen through coupled nitrification–denitrification was less than 10% of the plant nitrogen uptake. Denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis of amoA fragments revealed no differences in diversity profiles between the soil fractions, and phylogenetic analysis, based on amoA genes retrieved from the rice paddy soil, identified a set of mutually very similar sequences related to Nitrosomonas nitrosa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 38 (1971), S. 377-394 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In einigen eutrophen Seen sowie in axenischen Blaualgen-Kulturen wurden die Katalysebedingungen für die hydrolytische Spaltung von Phosphorverbindungen untersucht. Der hitzestabile Anteil filtrierter Wasserproben besa\gB zwar niedrige, jedoch deutlich pH-abhängige Aktivitäten von Phosphomonoesterasen (PME;EC.3.1.3), wenn p-Nitrophenylphosphat als unspezifisches Substrat diente. In 3 verschiedenen See-Biotopen korrespondierten circadiane Schwankungen der PME mit den Konzentrationen der gelösten Phosphorverbindungen und den Bakterienkeimzahlen. In Vertikalprofllen des Plu\gB-Sees unterlagen die PME-Aktivitäten beträchtlichen jahreszeitlichen Schwankungen. Hier schienen eher die kinetischen Parameter (Michaelis-Konstanten )als die reinen Aktivitäten mit den Phosphatgehalten im Biotop korreliert. Diese Ergebnisse stimmten grö\gBtenteils mit einigen physiologischen Regulationsmechanismen der PME überein, die in Blaualgen-Kulturen unter dem Einflu\gB definierter Au\gBenmilieufaktoren beobachtet wurden konnten. Ein axenischer Stamm von Anacystis nidulans vermochte verschiedene hydrolysierbare Phosphorverbindungen bis zu einem gewissen Grade zu verwerten. Aktivitäten und kinetische Parameter (km; Vmax) der PME wurden in Kulturfiltraten und Zellaufschlüssen untersucht. Die so ermittelte Effektivität der Dephosphorylierung stieg, wenn die Zellen in P-limitierten Kulturmedien wuchsen, oder, wenn das Wachstum durch andere Au\gBenfaktoren verlangsamt war.
    Notes: Summary Catalytic conditions of the hydrolysis of phosphorus compounds have been examined in some eutrophic lakes as well as in axenic cultures of blue-green algae. The heat labile part of filtered samples of lakewater was revealing low, but distinctively pH-dependent activities of phosphomonoesterases (PME, E.C.3.1.3), when p-nitrophenylphosphate was used as a non-specific substrate. In 3 different lake biotops circadian fluctuations of PME were found to be corresponding with the content of dissolved phosphorus compounds and the counts of saprophytic bacteria. In vertical profiles of Lake Pluss activities of PME were subjected to considerable annual fluctuations. Here rather the kinetic parameters (Michaelis-Menten-constants) than the mere activities appeared to be correlated with the environmental concentrations of phosphate. These results corresponded in large part with some physiological regulations of phosphomonoesterase activities which could be observed in cultures of blue-green algae in relation to some defined environmental factors. An axenic strain of Anacystis nidulans was able to utilize different hydrolyzable phosphorus compounds up to a certain degree. In both the culture filtrates and the disintegrated cells the activities and the kinetic parameters (km; Vmax) were tested. The efficiency of dephosphorylation estimated by this means increased, when cells were grown in culture media limited by the source of P, or when growth had been retarded by other environmental factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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