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  • Articles  (10)
  • 2000-2004  (8)
  • 1975-1979  (2)
  • Medicine  (9)
  • Natural Sciences in General  (1)
  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (1)
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  • Articles  (10)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Addictive and non-addictive drugs induce distinct and specific patterns of ERK activation in mouse brain (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 19 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A major goal of research on addiction is to identify the molecular mechanisms of long-lasting behavioural alterations induced by drugs of abuse. Cocaine and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) activate extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in the striatum and blockade of the ERK pathway prevents establishment of conditioned place preference to these drugs. However, it is not known whether activation of ERK in the striatum is specific for these two drugs and/or this brain region. We studied the appearance of phospho-ERK immunoreactive neurons in CD−1 mouse brain following acute administration of drugs commonly abused by humans, cocaine, morphine, nicotine and THC, or of other psychoactive compounds including caffeine, scopolamine, antidepressants and antipsychotics. Each drug generated a distinct regional pattern of ERK activation. All drugs of abuse increased ERK phosphorylation in nucleus accumbens, lateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, central amygdala and deep layers of prefrontal cortex, through a dopamine D1 receptor-dependent mechanism. Although some non-addictive drugs moderately activated ERK in a few of these areas, they never induced this combined pattern of strong activation. Antidepressants and caffeine activated ERK in hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Typical antipsychotics mildly activated ERK in dorsal striatum and superficial prefrontal cortex, whereas clozapine had no effect in the striatum, but more widespread effects in cortex and amygdala. Our results outline a subset of structures in which ERK activation might specifically contribute to the long-term effects of drugs of abuse, and suggest mapping ERK activation in brain as a way to identify potential sites of action of psychoactive drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2004.03278.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-induced MAPK/ERK and Elk-1 activation in vivo depends on dopaminergic transmission (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 14 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: It is now well established that central effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive component of marijuana, are mediated by CB1 cannabinoid receptors. However, intraneuronal signalling pathways activated in vivo by THC remain poorly understood. We show that acute administration of THC induces a progressive and transient activation (i.e. phosphorylation) of the mitogen activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) in the dorsal striatum and the nucleus accumbens (NA). This activation, corresponding to both neuronal cell bodies and the surrounding neuropil, is totally inhibited by the selective antagonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors, SR 141716A. However, blockade of dopaminergic (DA) D1 receptors by administration of SCH 23390, prior to THC, totally prevents ERK activation in the striatum, thus demonstrating a critical involvement of DA systems in THC-induced ERK activation. DA-D2 and glutamate receptors of NMDA subtypes also participate, albeit to a lesser extent, to THC-induced ERK activation in the striatum, as shown after injection of selective antagonists (raclopride and MK801, respectively). Furthermore, THC-induced phosphorylation of the transcription factor Elk-1, and up-regulation of zif268 mRNA expression are blocked by SL327, a specific inhibitor of MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK), the upstream kinase of ERK, as well as SCH 23390. Finally, using the place-preference paradigm, we show that ERK inhibition blocks THC-induced rewarding properties. Altogether, our data strongly support that ERK activation in the striatum is critically involved in long-term neuronal adaptive responses underlying THC-induced long-term behaviours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0953-816x.2001.01652.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new mechanism of antibiotic resistance in Enterobacteriaceae induced by a structural modification of the major porin (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 41 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In Enterobacter aerogenes, multidrug resistance involves a decrease in outer membrane permeability associated with changes in an as yet uncharacterized porin. We purified the major porin from the wild-type strain and a resistant strain. We characterized this porin, which was found to be an OmpC/OmpF-like protein and analysed its pore-forming properties in lipid bilayers. The porin from the resistant strain was compared with the wild-type protein and we observed (i) that its single-channel conductance was 70% lower than that of the wild type; (ii) that it was three times more selective for cations; (iii) a lack of voltage sensitivity. These results indicate that the clinical strain is able to synthesize a modified porin that decreases the permeability of the outer membrane. Mass spectrometry experiments identified a G to D mutation in the putative loop 3 of the porin. Given the known importance of this loop in determining the pore properties of porins, we suggest that this mutation is responsible for the novel resistance mechanism developed by this clinical strain, with changes in porin channel function acting as a new bacterial strategy for controlling β-lactam diffusion via porins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02501.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pulmonary metastases from a chromophobe renal cell carcinoma: 10 years' evolution (2002)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Histopathology 40 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.2002.1363e.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Precommitment of normal mouse peritoneal cells by erythrocyte antigens in relation to auto-antibody production (1975)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 257 (1975), S. 316-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] PCs from non-immunised 22-28-week-old CBA/J or NZB mice were cultured by Mishell and Button's technique7 at a concentration of 4x 106 ml"1 in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10% foetal calf serum. Cell viability was measured by Trypan blue exclusion. The plaque-forming activity of lymphoid cells was ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/257316a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ hybridization of nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA to locus 2-48BC in Drosophila hydei (1978)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 65 (1978), S. 199-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The maximum grain density over the “heat-shock” locus 2-48BC of Drosophila hydei polytene chromosomes obtained after in situ hybridization of nuclear RNA extracted from tissue culture cells labelled during incubation at 37° C is five times higher than that obtainable by using polysomal RNA isolated from the same cells. Furthermore, the addition of a large excess of unlabelled polysomal RNA reduced the amount of in situ hybridization of nuclear RNA by only 20% showing that nuclear 2-48BC RNA contains sequences not present in polysomal 2-48BC RNA. — The polysomal 2-48BC RNA is polyadenylated, as are the RNA sequences present in the polysomes complementary to the other two major “heat shock” loci 2-32A and 2-36A. Polyadenylated RNA, with an apparent size of 15S, complementary to locus 2-48BC is also found in the cytoplasm of D. hydei salivary glands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00327617
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation of an attenuated myxoma virus field strain that can confer protection against myxomatosis on contacts of vaccinates (2000)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 145 (2000), S. 759-771 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  Twenty MV strains obtained from a survey of field strains currently circulating throughout Spain were analyzed for their virulence and horizontal spreading among rabbits by contact transmission. A virus strain with suitable characteristics to be used as a potential vaccine against myxomatosis in wild rabbit populations was selected. Following inoculation, the selected MV strain elicited high levels of MV specificantibodies and induced protection of rabbits against a virulent MV challenge. Furthermore, the attenuated MV was transmitted to 9 out of 16 uninoculated rabbits by contact, inducing protection against myxomatosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050050669
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erythropoietin acute reaction and haematological adaptations to short, intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (2000)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 82 (2000), S. 170-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Key words Erythropoietin ; Erythropoiesis ; Hypoxia ; Hypobaric chamber ; Altitude
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study aimed to determine whether brief hypoxic stimuli in a hypobaric chamber are able to elicit erythropoietin (EPO) secretion, and to effectively stimulate erythropoiesis in the short term. In two different experiments, a set of haematological, biochemical, haemorheological, aerobic performance, and medical tests were performed in two groups of healthy subjects. In the first experiment, the mean plasma concentration of EPO ([EPO]) increased from 8.7 to 13.5 mU · ml−1 (55.2%; P 〈 0.01) after 90 min of acute exposure at 540 hPa, and continued to rise until a peak was attained 3 h after the termination of hypoxia. In the second experiment, in which subjects were exposed to a simulated altitude of up to 5500 m (504 hPa) for 90 min, three times a week for 3 weeks, all haematological indicators of red cell mass increased significantly, reaching the highest mean values at the end of the programme or during the subsequent 2 weeks, including packed cell volume (from 42.5 to 45.1%; P 〈 0.01), red blood cell count (from 4.55 × 106 to 4.86 × 106 · l−1; P 〈 0.01), reticulocytes (from 0.5 to 1.4%; P 〈 0.01), and haemoglobin concentration (from 14.3 to 16.2 g · dl−1; P 〈 0.01), without an increase in blood viscosity. Arterial blood oxygen saturation during hypoxia was improved (from 60% to 78%; P 〈 0.05). Our most relevant finding is the ability to effectively stimulate erythropoiesis through brief intermittent hypoxic stimuli (90 min), in a short period of time (3 weeks), leading to a lower arterial blood desaturation in hypoxia. The proposed mechanism for these haematological and functional adaptations is the repeated triggering effect of EPO production caused by the intermittent hypoxic stimuli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004210050669
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of small interactions in polymer composites by means of FTIR and DSC (2000)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 44 (2000), S. 293-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary This paper studies polymer composites formed by a polystyrene matrix (PS) and a block copolymer of poly(styrene-butadiene) (SBS). Two series of polymer composites with different compositions have been prepared: the first by extrusion followed by injection and the second by dissolution and evaporation of the solvent from the injected samples. The comparison of the FTIR spectra of the polymer composites with those simulated by addition of the spectra of the component polymers allows the detection of differences attributed to the existence of interactions between both polymers that cause partial miscibility between them. The results obtained are corroborated by differential scanning calorimetry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002890050605
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MAP Kinases and Hypoxia in the Control of VEGF Expression (2000)
    Springer
    Cancer and metastasis reviews 19 (2000), S. 139-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7233
    Keywords: VEGF ; MAP kinases ; hypoxia ; angiogenesis ; growth control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potent cytokine secreted by virtually all cells plays a key role in tumor angiogenesis. Disruption of one VEGF allele in mice has revealed a dramatic lethal effect in early embryogenesis, suggesting a very tight regulation of this gene. This commentary reviews the mechanisms whereby VEGF mRNA is controlled within the tumor environment by hypoxia and the MAP kinase signaling cascades. Using hamster fibroblasts as a cellular model, we demonstrated that the Ras-mediated activation of p42/p44 MAP kinases exerts a prominent action at the transcriptional level. In normoxic conditions, p42/p44 MAPKs activate the VEGF promoter at the proximal (−88/−66) region where Sp1/AP-2 transcriptional factor complexes are recruited. At low O2 tension, the stabilized and nuclear hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is directly phosphorylated by p42/p44 MAPKs, an action which enhances HIF-1-dependent transcriptional activition of VEGF. In addition, MAPKs activated under various cellular stresses (p38MAPK and JNK), contribute to the increased expression of this angiogenic growth and survival factor by stabilizing the VEGF mRNA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026506011458
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