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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution of anisotropic reflection gratings formed in holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 1420-1422 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The temporal evolution of an anisotropic reflection grating produced in a holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal film is investigated. We find that this type of grating is preceded in time by an isotropic concentration grating, and that the development of the anisotropic grating can be delayed until several seconds after laser exposure. The formation of an anisotropic grating is nearly coincident with the onset of phase separation of liquid crystal and implies a macroscopic ordering of liquid crystal droplet directors. Detailed knowledge of grating evolution may allow in situ control over the polarization sensitivity of the hologram. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1399303
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of the hexafluorophosphate salts of μ-(η6:η6-phenoxazine)bis[η5-cyclopentadienyliron(II)] (1) and (η5-cyclopentadienyl)(η6-phenoxathiin)iron(II) (2) (1986)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 42 (1986), S. 1144-1148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270186093095
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of Selected Element Concentrations and Enrichment Ratiosin Background and Anthropogenically Impacted Roadside Areas (2000)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 38 (2000), S. 428-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Previous research by the National Contaminant Biomonitoring Program found fish from Manoa Stream, Hawaii, to have the highest concentrations of Pb in the nation. To explore possible source linkages we sampled background (uncontaminated) soil, roadside soil, and road deposited sediment in Manoa watershed and analyzed them for total and extractable concentrations of Al, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn. Our concentration and enrichment ratio data indicate that Al, Co, Fe, Mn, and Ni were controlled by natural source variations, and Cu, Zn, and particularly Pb were anthropogenically enhanced. Labile Pb concentrations, extracted with either dilute HCl or EDTA, reached a maximum of 3,560 mg/kg compared to background values of 〈10 mg/kg. Additionally, 25% of the 169 contaminated samples analyzed had EDTA-extractable Pb enrichment ratios ≥11.5, where a value of 1 separates uncontaminated from contaminated media. Given the proximity of most samples to roadways it is reasonable to conclude that automotive emissions plus vehicle wear were the primary contributors of trace metals to the roadside system. These data are discussed in context with previous work on the fluvial bed sediments in this watershed in an attempt to examine the potential linkage with the biological accumulation of Pb in fish from Manoa watershed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002440010057
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bed sediment-associated trace metals in an urban stream, Oahu, Hawaii (2000)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 39 (2000), S. 611-627 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Key words Lead ; Bed sediments ; Enrichment ratios ; Modified index of geoaccumulation ; Manoa Stream ; Trace metals ; Spatial variation ; Phase associations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Of the 117 stream and lake systems sampled nationwide, fish from Manoa Stream on Oahu, Hawaii, have consistently shown the highest Pb concentrations. Therefore a detailed study was conducted to examine total metal contents in bed sediments from a 5.8-km stretch of Manoa Stream. A total of 123 samples (〈63 μm) were examined for 18 elements and 14 samples for 21 elements. Selected samples were also examined using different leach solutions to examine metal phase associations. All trace metal data, computations of enrichment ratios and the modified index of geoaccumulation point to mineralogical control for Cr and Ni; minor anthropogenic contamination for Ba, Cd, Cu, Hg and Zn; and a very strong contamination signal for Pb. Maximum Pb contents (up to 1080 mg kg−1) were associated with anthropogenic material dumping in minor tributaries, storm sewer sediments and sediments in the “lower” section of the basin. Proportionally Pb had the highest non-residual component of elements examined; dominantly in the reducible phase associated with Mn and amorphous Fe oxyhydroxides. The contamination signal was typically lowest in the “undisturbed” headwater reach of the basin (above 5.1 km) with significant increases throughout the “residential” and “commercial-institutional” zones of the mid-basin. The spatial pattern of bed sediment contamination and evidence from storm sewer-outlet sediments strongly indicates that Pb, and to a lesser degree some other metals, is still being transported to the stream and the primary agent is soil erosion and transport of metals sorbed to sediments. The primary source of sediment-associated metals is considered to be the automobile, though other minor sources can not be ruled out.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540050473
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prolonged electrical stimulation of the nipples evokes intermittent milk ejection in the anaesthetised lactating rat (1987)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 66 (1987), S. 29-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Milk-ejection ; Nipple ; Stimulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intermittent and continuous electrical stimulation of the nipples elicited milk-ejection responses in the lactating rat. The responses occurred intermittently, with similar amplitudes and periodicity as those seen in suckled rats. The responses were always associated with synchronization of the electroencephalogram (EEG), but some rats with synchronized EEG activity did not milk eject during stimulation. Since continuous stimulation also resulted in intermittent milk ejection it seems unlikely that the periodicity of the reflex in suckled rats depends upon changes in the intensity of sensory stimulation. The techniques of nipple stimulation may be a useful method with which to study neural pathways and other phenomena such as gating involved in oxytocin release and milk ejection. The success of the technique depends on a variety of factors such as parameters of the stimulation and state of anaesthesia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236198
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hippocampal granule cells are necessary for normal spatial learning but not for spatially-selective pyramidal cell discharge (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 76 (1989), S. 485-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Hippocampus ; Single units ; Place cells ; Colchicine ; Spatial behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of massive destruction of granule cells of the fascia dentata on the spatial and temporal firing characteristics of pyramidal cells in the CA1 and CA3 subfields of the hippocampus were examined in freely moving rats. Microinjections of the neurotoxin colchicine were made at a number of levels along the septo-temporal axis of the dentate gyri of both hemispheres, resulting in destruction of over 75% of the granule cells. By contrast there was relatively little damage to the pyramidal cell fields. As assessed by three different behavioral tests, the colchicine treatment resulted in severe spatial learning deficits. Single units were recorded from the CA1 and CA3 subfields using the stereotrode recording method while the animals performed a forced choice behavioral task on the radial 8-arm maze. Considering the extent of damage to the dentate gyrus, which has hitherto been considered to be the main source of afferent information to the CA fields, there was remarkably little effect on the spatial selectivity of “place cell” discharge on the maze, as compared to recordings from control animals. There was, however, a change in the temporal firing characteristics of these cells, which was manifested primarily as an increase in the likelihood of burst discharge. The main conclusion derived from these findings is that most of the spatial information exhibited by hippocampal pyramidal cells is likely to be transmitted from the cortex by routes other than the traditional “trisynaptic circuit”. These routes may include the direct projections from entorhinal layers II and III to CA3 and CA1, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00248904
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic and non-genetic factors affecting anther culture of Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera) (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 74 (1987), S. 566-570 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Brassica ; Anther culture ; Embryos ; Heritability ; Responsiveness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Eight inbred lines of Brussels sprouts and ten F1 hybrids derived from them were tested for their response to anther culture. From 5–19 plants per genotype were tested, and each plant was tested on 3–6 separate occasions. Results from the inbred lines were broadly similar to those from the F1 hybrids, despite the inbreds producing fewer buds and having a higher frequency of anther deformities. The maximum embryo yield from an inbred line was 215 embryos per 100 anthers, and from a hybrid was 275. From estimation of the variance components it was calculated that, for both inbreds and hybrids, about half the total variation was genetic whereas variation due to plants within genotypes and to occasions within plants were each about 13% of the total. The narrow sense heritability of responsiveness to anther culture (estimated by the proportion of variation between inbred lines which was genetic) was 0.48, and there was partial dominance for this character. In three cases the hybrid outyielded the better inbred, and this heterosis may well be due to dispersed dominant genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00288853
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The exploitation of genetic resources of Brassica oleracea in breeding for resistance to clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae) (1989)
    Springer
    Euphytica 42 (1989), S. 215-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Brassica oleracea ; Plasmodiophora brassicae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary About 1000 Brassica oleracea accessions were evaluated in glasshouse tests for response to Plasmodiophora brassicae (clubroot). Resistance was confirmed in some north and west European kales and cabbage. A new source of resistance in cabbage, from Eire, is reported. Most other accessions were highly susceptible but lower levels of susceptibility were observed in open pollinated Brussels sprouts and forms of south European cabbage, cauliflower and broccoli. Modern breeding (as in the production of hybrid cultivars) appears to have resulted in increased susceptibility in several crop types. The implications of these results for the exploitation of germplasm are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00034457
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of winter wheat to N-fertiliser: Dynamic model (1987)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 12 (1987), S. 139-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: grain dry weight ; grain %N ; nitrogen-fertiliser ; simulation model ; winter wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A concise computer simulation model is described for calculating the growth and N-content of winter-wheat. The validity of the model was tested by means of a new application of statistical theory against the results of nationwide fertiliser experiments having different designs. There was agreement within the limits of experimental error between the measured and simulated values of both total plant and of grain dry weight over the entire range of N-fertiliser treatments in the different experiments. The model also gave good estimates of the %N in the grain provided N-fertilizer levels were not high. Response curves, calculated from the model for grain yield, grain %N, are given for different combinations of potential yield, mineralisation rate and the distribution of inorganic-N down the soil profile.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01048914
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A mathematical description of a pump/leak/buffer model for plant nitrate uptake (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 117 (1989), S. 299-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: differential equation ; diurnal ; nitrogen assimilation ; phase shift ; photosynthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A pump/leak/buffer model of nitrate in plants is presented in the form of a differential equation, based on the computer simulation model of Scaife (1989). The equation is solved, and the long-term behaviour of the rate of nitrate uptake of the plants described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02220726
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