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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of orbital polarization in calculations of the magnetic anisotropy (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 5875-5877 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magnetic anisotropy is a difficult topic to describe by electronic structure theory. The results of ab initio calculations for iron and nickel are disappointing, especially since these calculations require high numerical precision and are very time consuming. For iron the value of the energy is too small by a factor of 3, while for nickel the sign is wrong and the value is too small by a factor of 5. The local density approximation can be improved by adding corrections that mimic the inclusion of Hund's second rule. This is equivalent to increasing the effective spin–orbit parameter. For iron a small increase in the effective spin–orbit parameter is sufficient to reconcile theory and experiment. For nickel, this is not possible. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.372552
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High intrinsic coercivities in iron-rare earth-carbon-boron alloys through the carbide or boro-carbide Fe14R2X (X=BxC1−x) (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 61 (1987), S. 3574-3576 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In the phase Fe14R2X, where R is a lanthanide and X is either boron or carbon, or a mixture of the two, the extent of stability of the carbides and their miscibility with the borides is traced for the lighter rare-earth metals. Like the borides, the carbides are magnetically hard, but unlike them, they do not normally crystallize from the melt, and this property is exploited to produce intrinsic coercivities above 12 kOe in cast materials without the added special processing step of sintering or melt spinning. The high coercivity is related to a cellular microstructure of Fe14R2X in which the cell size is approximately 1 μm. The cell structure, which originates in a peritectoidlike transformation from primary Fe17R2, is quite stable and does not change during prolonged annealing. The coercivity is sensitive to variations in composition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.338705
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multicentre comparison of skin hydration in terms of physical-, physiological- and product-dependent parameters by the capacitive method (Corneometer CM 825) (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 25 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A multicentre study for measuring skin hydration with 349 volunteers was carried out in six different laboratories. The purpose of the study was to investigate physical-, physiological- and product-dependent parameters of three test emulsions (base, base + moisturizer and base + moisturizer + lipids) in a double-blind study. A comparison between analogous and digital sensor technology of the Corneometer CM825 was examined. Here, a clear relationship between both sensor types could be highlighted. A vital point of the study was the division of the test subjects according to their skin type. To get more objective limits for three different skin types – very dry, dry and normal skin – visual expert evaluation, self-assessment and hydration measurements were analysed by means of statistical methods. The moisture-related skin types were determined as follows: very dry skin was characterized with corneometer units below 30, dry skin between 30 and 40 and normal skin higher than 40 a.u. (arbitrary units). The efficacy of the three test emulsions was examined in relation to the mentioned skin types. Analysing the measured data of all test centres, a clear dependency of skin physiology (skin type) and product efficacy became evident. The drier the skin, the higher the increase of hydration. The product performance of the three test emulsions compared to the untreated control resulted in a significant increase of skin hydration in all measuring centres. The evaluation of a product ranking showed a good differentiation between the basic emulsion and the two other products. An increase of efficacy by adding lipids could be observed in four of six centres. The important influence of the skin type of the volunteers on the degree of product performance, as demonstrated in this study, should be especially considered when drawing up guidelines for efficacy testing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-2494.2003.00172.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ x-ray microscopic observation of the electromigration in passivated Cu interconnects (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 1936-1938 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: X-ray imaging of electromigration in a passivated Cu interconnect was performed with 100-nm spatial resolution. A time sequence of 200 images, recorded with the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility x-ray microscope in 2.2 h at 4 keV photon energy, visualizes the mass flow of Cu at current densities up to 2×107 A/cm2. Due to the high penetration power through matter and the element specific image contrast, x-ray microscopy is a unique tool for time-resolved, quantitative mass transport measurements in interconnects. Model calculations predict that failures in operating microprocessors are detectable with 30 nm resolution by nanotomography. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1356446
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subcellular localization of beta-catenin in malignant cell lines and squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Journal of oral pathology & medicine 31 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0714
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  Beta-catenin, an E-cadherin-associated protein involved in cell–cell adhesion and signaling, has been hypothesized to translocate to the nucleus and activate transcription in several human cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC).Methods:  In the present study, we analyzed the subcellular localization of beta-catenin in cultures of human oral normal and malignant (cell lines SCC15 and SCC25) keratinocytes and in 24 frozen samples of oral squamous cell carcinomas by a double-staining technique for nucleic acids and beta-catenin. Growth potential, as assessed by cell count at different time periods, was established for normal, SCC15 and SCC25 cell lines; oral squamous cell carcinomas were classified according to the histopathological and malignancy indexes.Results:  Beta-catenin localized at the plasma membrane in the normal and SCC15 cells, not in the SCC25 cells, where it localized mostly in the perinuclear and nuclear areas. In the growth assays, SCC25 cell lines proliferated faster than in normal and SCC15 cells over a period of 6 days (cell numbers were significantly different, P 〈 0.0001). Carcinoma sections showed a combination of membranous, cytoplasmic and, in few invading epithelial islands of two tumors, nuclear localization of beta-catenin.Conclusions:  In oral squamous cell carcinomas, nuclear beta-catenin staining was observed only within invading islands of two carcinomas deep in the underlying connective tissue. On the basis of this study, we conclude that intranuclear beta-catenin does not appear to be a common finding in oral squamous cell carcinomas and that a clear association between intranuclear beta-catenin and histopathological and malignancy indexes in vivo could not be established.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0714.2002.00108.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical relevance of a simple fragmentation model to evaluate human masticatory performance (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 29 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To explain the breakage process of food particles in human mastication, we propose a simple fragmentation model. To verify its clinical accuracy, a mechanical test with a sieving method and a natural test food (coffee) was performed on three groups of subjects. The values obtained permitted to demonstrate that the model could predict, at least qualitatively, the general trend of the experimental data, even for a very small group (two subjects). It also shows that the choice of the yielding factors used to calculate the masticatory index (MI) is relevant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2002.00967.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coffee beans as a natural test food for the evaluation of the masticatory efficiency (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 28 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A lot of test foods have been used during this century to evaluate the masticatory ability of human subjects. Nevertheless, none has been universally admitted. If the test food by itself is of importance, attention should also be paid to its behaviour during the chewing test procedure. Therefore, we analysed step by step coffee beans through the processing of the chewing test and a dry sieving method. The development of a compression test and a computer simulation have shown that groups of 11 coffee beans give satisfactory results and deserve to be used in mastication studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2001.00699.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ecological genetics of Rhizobium meliloti: Diversity and competitive dominance (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 40 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Symbiotic effectiveness (nitrogen-fixation ability) is not a measure of inter-strain competitiveness, and Rhizobium strains used as inocula frequently compete poorly with indigenous rhizobia for nodulation of the host legume. Competition between rhizobia delimits the use of Rhizobium inoculum in agriculture. We therefore chose to investigate aspects of the gene pool represented by an indigenous population of R. meliloti selected for maximum diversity, particularly for evidence of competitive dominance. This unadapted population was very heterogeneous in terms of plasmid content, somatic antigens and intrinsic antibiotic resistance (IAR). Little tendency towards competitive dominance (measured in terms of nodule occupancy) was observed. Classical methods (serotype, IAR) of characterising strains did not correlate to define dominance of a strain or a group of strains. The data are consistent with a continuum of symbiotically proficient strains under conditions of maximum diversity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1987.tb02033.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cadmium and copper levels in seals, penguins and skuas from the Weddell Sea in 1982/1983 (1986)
    Springer
    Polar biology 5 (1986), S. 139-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Samples of muscle, liver and kidney of Weddell and crabeater seals, Adélie and emperor penguins, and McCormick's skuas collected in the Weddell Sea in the summer 1982/83 were analysed for cadmium and copper. In general, the study aimed at contributing to the establishment of base-line data on potential pollutants in Antarctic ecosystems. In particular, it aimed at increasing the amount of data on Cd and Cu levels in the same species that that had been collected and analysed two years eralier, thus improving the possibility of statistical analyses into relationships between metal contents and biological parameters or sampling-sites of the animals, but the data basis is still too small for the letter purpose. In all species together, concentration ranges (on dry weight basis) were 0.16–0.77, 3.7–96.8 and 15.6–491 mg cadmium and 1.6–21.4, 14.9–149 and 12.6–47.7 mg copper per kg in muscles, livers and kidneys, respectively. The relatively high levels of both metals in all species analysed, in connexion with the available literature, suggest that levels in marine mammals and birds can only, if at all, to a minor extent reflect differences in environmental concentrations of these metals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00441693
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histomorphometry of bone marrow biopsies in chronic myeloproliferative disorders with associated thrombocytosis - features of significance for the diagnosis of primary (essential) thrombocythaemia (1988)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 413 (1988), S. 407-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Chronic myeloproliferative disorders ; Thrombocytosis ; Primary Thrombocythaemia ; Granulo ; Erythrocytopoiesis ; Reticulin Fibers ; Circular Deviation ; Histomorphometry ; Bone marrow biopsies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A histomorphometric analysis was performed on trephine biopsies of the bone marrow in 55 patients with chronic myeloproliferative disorders (CMPDs) and marked thrombocytosis (platelet count exceeding 600 × 109/l). This study aimed at discriminating primary (essential) thrombocythaemia (PTH) from the various other subtypes of CMPDs presenting with thrombocytosis. Following the diagnostic requirements postulated by the Polycythemia-vera-Study-Group for PTH and polycythaemia vera rubra (P.vera) and the generally accepted criteria for the establishment of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) and agnogenic myeloid metaplasia (AMM), our cohort of 55 patients was divided into the following subgroups: CML (16 cases), P.vera (11 cases), AMM (13 cases) and finally PTH (15 cases). Histomorphometric measurements revealed that PTH was distinguishable from the other subtypes of CMPDs with respect to several histological variables: patients with PTH had a normal amount of neutrophilic granulo- and erythrocytopoiesis as well as a non-increased content of reticulin (argyrophilic) fibers in contrast to the findings in CML, P.vera and of course AMM. Moreover, sizes of megakaryocytes and their nuclei were significantly greater in PTH and internalization of haematopoietic cells (emperipolesis) was more frequently encountered in comparison with the other subtypes of CMPDs. Deviation of the circular perimeter of megakaryocyte shape was most prominently expressed in CML and AMM, and consequently generated an increased number of a-nuclear cytoplasmic fragments. In contrast to this feature aberration of the nuclei from a circular outline occurred in a less pronounced way in CML, but was excessive in P.vera, AMM and PTH. Our morphometric evaluation demonstrates that certain histological features may serve as a valuable aid in discriminating PTH from the other occasionally thrombocythaemic subtypes of CMPDs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00716989
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