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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Topographic cross talk in reflection mode near-field optical microscopy on patterned structures (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 7727-7729 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In scanning near-field optical microscopy the sample topography may have a strong effect on the optical image signal. This cross talk has been investigated in subwavelength-periodically patterned thin-film structures using a reflection-mode near-field optical microscope. A comparison between measured and simulated line scans shows that far-field light waves emitted from the tip aperture play a major role in the imaging process.© 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1364642
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polarization effects of imperfections in conducting and dielectric samples imaged with polarization-sensitive scanning near-field optical microscopy (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 3929-3931 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The influence of intrinsic birefringence and of surface imperfections on the polarization of near-field light is investigated in thin films by polarization-sensitive scanning near-field optical microscopy in transmission mode. The experimental results will be discussed and a simple simulation algorithm is proposed. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1419039
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Respiratory characters of three species of haplochromine cichlids: Implications for use of wetland refugia (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 57 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Respiratory characters of three east African haplochromine cichlid species that differ in their use of hypoxic wetlands were examined to consider the potential of dissolved oxygen as one factor affecting habitat use. All three species had a large gill surface area, ranging from the 67th (Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor victoriae) to 98th (Astatotilapia velifer) percentile of the known gill size range for freshwater fishes. Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor victoriae was the most tolerant to hypoxia exhibiting the lowest aquatic surface respiration (Rs)thresholds and lowest critical oxygen tension of the three species. Astatotilapia velifer had the highest ASR thresholds, gill ventilation rates, and level of surface activity of the three species, indicating a relatively low tolerance to hypoxia. Prognathochromis venator was intermediate in its response to hypoxia. These findings are discussed in light of survivorship and distribution patterns of these species following Nile perch introduction into Lake Nabugabo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2000.tb02187.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Implications for focused fluid transport at the northern Cascadia accretionary prism from a correlation between BSR occurrence a d near-sea-floor reflectivity anomalies imaged in a multi-frequency seismic data set (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 88 (2000), S. 655-667 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Keywords: Key words Cascadia accretionary prism ; Very high-resolution seismics ; Fluid migration ; Bottom simulating reflector ; Near-surface reflectivity anomalies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  A high-resolution seismic survey was carried out at the accretionary prism on the continental slope off Vancouver Island, Canada. Two GI-Gun data sets with different source frequency ranges of 50–150 and 100–500 Hz were combined with 4 kHz narrow-beam echosounding data (Parasound). The data allow spatial correlation between a gas hydrate bottom simulating reflector (BSR) and distinct areas of high near-sea-floor reflectivity. An integrated interpretation of the multi-frequency data set provides insight into the regional distribution of tectonically induced fluid migration and gas hydrate formation in the vicinity of ODP Leg 146 Sites 889 and 890. The BSR at the base of the gas hydrate stability field is observed within accreted and deformed sediments, but appears to be absent within bedded slope basin deposits. It is suggested that these basin deposits inhibit vertical fluid flow and prevent the formation of a BSR, whereas the hydraulic conductivity of the accreted sediments is sufficiently high to allow for pervasive gas migration. An elevation of the BSR beneath the flanks of a topographic high is interpreted as an indicator for local upflow of warm fluids along permeable pathways within outcropping accreted sediments. Parasound data reveal discontinuous zones of high reflectivity at or directly beneath the sea floor, which may indicate local cementation of surface sediments. In combination with GI-Gun data, the occurrence of these reflective areas can be related to the location of slope sedimentary basins acting as hydraulic seals. It is proposed that the seals sometimes fail along faults extending beneath the BSR, leading to focused upflow of methane-bearing fluid and the formation of carbonate pavements at the sea floor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005310050295
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pattern formation of metallic particles in electric and magnetic fields (1987)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 56 (1987), S. 151-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Polarizable particles form characteristic patterns in electric and magnetic fields. A model based on the equations of electrostatics reproduces the experimental results quite well.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317989
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interspecific allometry of the mandible, dental arch, and molar area in anthropoid primates: Functional morphology of masticatory components (1989)
    Springer
    Primates 30 (1989), S. 543-560 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Keywords: Masticatory apparatus ; Primate dentition ; Mandible ; Allometry ; Regression ; Anthropoids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Allometric equations relating the lengths and widths of the mandible and dental arch, and of molar area, were obtained in a wide range of anthropoid primates grouped into four subsets, pongids, cercopithecids, nonmarmoset platyrrhines, and marmosets. Mandibular width is negatively allometric against length across anthropoids but cercopithecids had relatively wider mandibles than nonmarmosets of the same size class. Mandibular length relative to dental arch length was isometric within and between the four groups but dental arch width scaled negatively against all the other dimensions examined in this study, indicating a functional dissociation between the dental arcade and the bony mandible. Molar area showed various scaling patterns relative to mandibular length (isometry) and width (positive). There were no parameters that scaled positively against body weight across groups, except for molar area in cercopithecids (strongly) and nonmarmoset (moderately). Notable functional specializations include relatively long dental arches in cercopithecoids, related to large, elongate bilophodont molars, and the tendency to increase relative jaw length across the range of anthropoid sizes, reflecting negative allometry of the brain (cranial bicondylar width). We caution that various allometry and functional patterns may be masked by generalizing from broad taxonomic comparison involving a large sweep of adaptative patterns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02380880
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduction index of the upper M2 in marmosets (1988)
    Springer
    Primates 29 (1988), S. 525-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Keywords: Marmosets ; Upper molar ; Reduction index
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Marmosets have reduced second molars of which size and shape are varied in different species. Mesiodistal and buccolingual diameter of the first and second upper molars in 16 species were measured, and molar area (molar rectangle) and M2 reduction index were calculated by the equation,R=(M2 area/M1 area) × 100. This index ranged from 36.1 inSaguinus oedipus geoffroyi to 70.6 which was the largest found inCebuella pygmaea. Species ofSaguinus showed relatively wide variation as well as a consistantly smaller index. The index forCallithrix registered around 60 andLeontopithecus rosalia was positioned within this genus. There was no relationship between this index and body size of each form. The sizes of the first molar and second molar may not significantly correlate either with body size across species, becauseLeontopithecus rosalia had exceptionally large molars for its body size and contrarily genusSaguinus had relatively small molars. When the shape of the mandible was expressed as length/width ratio, the reduction index significantly correlate with this ratio in genusSaguinus andCallithrix, indicating that longer jaw in shape had relatively large M2. The reduction indices of two possible subspecies,S. oedipus geoffroyi andS. o. oedipus, were 36.1 and 47.3, respectively. This difference suggested that there was a difference in diet or function of jaw apparatus beyond subspecies level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02381139
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