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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure Formation in the Combustion Synthesis of Al2O3–TiC Composites (2000)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 83 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Structure formation in the combustion synthesis of Al2O3–TiC composites from TiO2, Al, and graphite powders was investigated using cylindrical samples and cone-shaped “quenching samples.” It is shown that the phases Ti and Ti3Al exist as intermediates in the combustion synthesis process. Titanium carbide forms in a secondary step through reactions between graphite and liquid Ti or Ti3Al, then nucleates from a liquid mixture of the three phases Ti, Ti3Al, and alumina. The nucleated particles grow in the postcombustion stage. Liquid alumina, containing TiC as a dissolved phase, solidifies into corundum grains in the postcombustion stage. Moreover, it is shown that the temperature gradient in the postcombustion stage markedly affects the microstructures of the products. Higher-temperature gradients, typical at the surface of the samples, give rise to the formation of corundum whiskers and TiC agglomerates. In contrast, lower gradients, typical in the center of the samples, lead to the formation of relatively large TiC particles and corundum grains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2000.tb01225.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation of ordered Ge quantum dots on the Si(111)–(7×7) surface (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 3317-3319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present a pathway for the formation of ordered Ge quantum dots on Si(111)–(7×7) substrate. Self-assembled growth of Ge quantum dots on the Si(111)–(7×7) surface has been investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy. The Ge is grown on the substrate by solid phase epitaxy at room temperature. It has been found that the deposited submonolayer Ge can aggregate and form ordered Ge quantum dots on the surface through controlling the annealing temperature. The formation of ordered Ge quantum dots is due to the preferential adsorption sites of Ge on Si(111)–(7×7). The formed Ge quantum dots may have a great potential in the application of nanodevices. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1419052
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Self-perceived oral health among three subgroups of Asian-Americans in New York City: a preliminary study (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 29 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract – Objectives: The aim of this preliminary study was to compare the perception of oral health among subgroups of Asian-American residents of New York City, USA. Methods: A close-ended questionnaire was administered to 255 Chinese, 134 Indian and 84 Pakistani adults, aged 18–65 years, during 1994–95. A comprehensive dental and oral examination was also performed. The associations of demographic and oral health variables with perceived oral health were evaluated using multivariate ordinal regression models. Results: When data were analyzed in a multivariate context, only ethnicity and income were significant predictors of perceived oral health, after adjusting for DMFT. The within-group multivariate analysis of the three ethnic subgroups’ results were as follows: Among the Chinese there were no significant predictors, only income was strongly suggestive; among the Indians, number of missing teeth and number of years in the USA were significant predictors; and within the Pakistani group, DMFT was the only significant predictor. Conclusions: Results suggest that there are ethnic differences in the perception of oral health status even after adjusting for clinical variables as well as for demographic variables in this particular group of Asian-American residents of New York City. Predictors associated with the perception of oral health are different for each ethnic group. When designing oral health promotion activities to diverse ethnic groups, the cultural characteristics of each subgroup should be considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.2001.290204.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    AN APPARENT FUNCTIONAL CORRELATION BETWEEN VARIATIONS IN AMINO ACID RESIDUES IN HLA-DR 4.1 AND 4.2 SEROLOGICAL SUBTYPES AND OLIGONUCLEOTIDE CHARACTERIZATION (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 23 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: HLA-DR4 can be subdivided serologically into two specificities, DR4.1 and DR4.2, using well-defined monospecific alloantisera used in the 11th International Histocompatibility Workshop. In this study, a total of 1095 random DR4-positive individuals from several ethnic groups were tested first for serotype DR4.1/4.2 and then for DRB1 *04 alleles using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe hybridization (SSOPH). An almost 100% correlation between samples testing positive for DR4.1 and the presence of alanine at position 74 was observed, while samples testing positive for DR4.2 correlated with the presence of glutamic acid at position 74. DRB 1*04 alleles 0401, 0402, 0404, 0405, 0408, 0409 and 0410 are aligned in functional groups which coincide with the serological subtype of DR4.1. DRB 1*04 alleles 0403, 0406, 0407 and 0411 coincide with subtype DR4.2. Amino acid substitutions at positions 57, 71 and 86 indicate other significant variations between alleles within the serological subgroup of DR4.1 and define five minor subgroups. The serologic and oligonucleotide allelic subgroups are in turn correlated with recognized cellular Dw antigens. While sequence data provide evidence of structural differences, data on cellular antigens support a functional association between these designated groups and their significance in transplantation and GVHD. Testing results are categorized by ethnic group in order to establish frequency data for donor selection criteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1996.tb00274.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ba $\mathsf{_{0.1}}$ Sr $\mathsf{_{0.9}}$ TiO $\mathsf{_{3}}$ -BaTi $\mathsf{_{4}}$ O $\mathsf{_{9}}$ composite thin films with improved microwave dielectric properties (2004)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 41 (2004), S. 201-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Ba0.1Sr0.9TiO3-BaTi4O9 composite thin films with different BaTi4O9 concentrations were deposited on (100) LaAlO3 (LAO) single crystal substrates via a pulsed laser deposition (PLD) using a combined target configuration of Ba0.1Sr0.9TiO3 and BaTi4O9 ceramics. The Ba0.1Sr0.9TiO3-BaTi4O9 thin films showed good crystal growth with c-orientation on (100) LAO substrates, which were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). From scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements, we could see that the crystal grains of the Ba0.1Sr0.9TiO3-BaTi4O9 thin films changed from small ordered clusters to big triangle clusters with the increase of BaTi4O9 concentration. The microwave dielectric properties of the Ba0.1Sr0.9TiO3-BaTi4O9 thin films under low temperature range from 65 to 120 K were measured at 7.7 Ghz and the results showed that all the thin films were in the paraelectric state. The dielectric constant and loss tangent of the Ba0.1Sr0.9TiO3-BaTi4O9 thin films were modified by the addition of BaTi4O9. Specifically, the loss tangent of the composite thin films was greatly decreased from 0.025 for pure Ba0.1Sr0.9TiO3 to 0.020 for the 4.7% BaTi4O9 doped Ba0.1Sr0.9TiO3, and finally to 0.010 for the 15.9% BaTi4O9 doped Ba0.1Sr0.9TiO3 sample.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2004-00310-y
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical localization of taurine in various tissues of the mouse (1998)
    Springer
    Amino acids 15 (1998), S. 151-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2199
    Keywords: Amino acids ; Taurine ; Taurine-antibody ; 3H-Taurine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The localization of taurine was investigated in several tissues of the mouse. Immunohistochemical methods using a polyclonal antibody for taurine derived from rabbits was used in these studies. This method was used since it is a simple procedure and the results are clear and reliable. Tissues were fixed with paraformaldehyde, embedded in paraffin and treated in a microwave oven before using an avidin-biotin-complex method (ABC method). Control staining was accomplished by employing absorption staining using various amino acids: taurine, arginine, cysteine, hypotaurine and others. For purposes of comparison, radioautography (RAG) with3H-taurine was performed to confirm the reliability of the immunohistochemical staining compared with the localization of the3H-taurine incorporation in endothelial cells of the blood vessels of several tissues. In this investigation, immunoreactivity was broadly observed in many tissues: Purkinje cells of the cerebellum, glia cells of brain tissue, cardiac muscle cells, matrices of the bone, mucus granules of goblet cells of the intestines, and brown adipose cells of the fetus. Although the meaning of this widespread localization of taurine can not be explained completely, we surmise that taurine may have a different function in each of the tissues. In addition, taurine reactivity was observed in cell nuclei which was evidence of the presence of taurine in the nuclei.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01345288
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the KNSBN: Cu crystal with two-wave coupling at visible and infrared wavelengths (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 207-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.70.Gz ; 42.30.Va ; 42.40.Kw ; 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have optically characterized the newly-developed photorefractive crystal KNSBN: Cu by two-wave coupling at visible and near-infrared wavelengths. The effective electrooptic coefficientsξ(k g)r 13 andξ(k g)r 33, the effective charge carrier densityN eff, the dark conductivityσ d, the product of mobility and electron-trap recombination timeμτ R, the formation and decay rate of index grating and the absorption coefficientα of the crystal were determined from visible to near-infrared wavelengths. Their wavelength dependences were also studied. It is interesting to notice that the KNSBN: Cu crystal has a very largeN eff and large gain coefficientΓ for ordinary ray (o-ray) in the visible region, and the photorefractive properties of the crystal are very different in the visible and near-infrared spectral regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01090945
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A cnidarian homologue of translationally controlled tumor protein (P23/TCTP) (2000)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 210 (2000), S. 507-511 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Key words P23 ; TCTP ; Cell proliferation ; Hydra ; Differential expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  A protein homologous to P23, or translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP), was cloned in Hydra vulgaris, the most ancient type of metazoan from which P23/TCTP has been characterized to date. Hydra P23/TCTP is composed of 184 amino acids and is encoded by a single mRNA of 700 bp. This invertebrate P23/TCTP is well conserved compared to those of other invertebrate and vertebrate species. Expression of Hydra P23/TCTP was confirmed by western blot of Hydra cell lysates using a polyclonal antibody against murine recombinant P23/TCTP. Spatial distribution of P23/TCTP mRNA and protein in Hydra was studied using in situ hybridization and immunostaining, respectively. Hydra P23/TCTP expression along the longitudinal body axis is regulated at both the transcriptional and the translational level. High levels of P23/TCTP mRNA were detected in a subpopulation of cells in the body column. In contrast, no mRNA was evident in the differentiated cells of the head and the foot regions. Coincidentally, P23/TCTP protein also concentrates to the body column, with no detectable protein in the head and foot region. However, despite the existence of P23/TCTP mRNA in both the ectoderm and endoderm in the body column, its protein is localized to the endodermal cells, suggesting a regulatory mechanism at the translational level. Taken together, the expression pattern of P23/TCTP in Hydra correlates with regions in which cell proliferation is actively occurring and its expression is excluded from regions where terminal differentiation has occurred.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004270000088
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three-dimensional model of human TIP30, a coactivator for HIV-1 Tat-activated transcription, and CC3, a protein associated with metastasis suppression (2000)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 57 (2000), S. 851-858 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Key words. HIV-1; Tat; metastasis; TIP30; CC3.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Human TIP30 is a cofactor that specifically enhances human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) Tat-activated transcription. The sequence of TIP30 is identical to that of CC3, a protein associated with metastasis suppression. TIP30/CC3 is a member of the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family. Of the several experimentally determined SDR structures, Escherichia coli uridine diphosphate (UDP) galactose-4 epimerase is most similar to TIP30/CC3. Because the direct sequence similarity between TIP30/CC3 and E. coli UDP galactose-4 epimerase is low, we used the transitive nature of homology and employed two Aquifex aeolicus proteins as intermediaries in the homology modeling process. Comparison of our structural model with that of known SDRs reveals that TIP30/CC3 contains several well-conserved features, including a βαβ fold at the amino terminus, which we predict binds NADP(H). TIP30/CC3 contains characteristic motifs at the catalytic site of SDRs, including a serine, tyrosine, and lysine that are important in catalyzing hydride transfer between substrate and cofactor. We also predict that a unique 20-amino acid sequence found at the amino terminus is an α-helix. Because this region contains several positively and negatively charged amino acids, it may dock TIP30/CC3 to other proteins. Our structural model points to this α-helix and the SDR-like part of TIP30/CC3 for mutagenesis experiments to elucidate its role in HIV-1 Tat-activated transcription, metastasis suppression, and other cellular functions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000180050047
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular and biological characterization of a zonula occludens-1 homologue in Hydra vulgaris, named HZO-1 (2000)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 210 (2000), S. 611-616 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Keywords Hydra ; ZO-1 ; Plasma membrane-associated protein ; MAGUK
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) is one of the earliest identified molecular components of tight junctions. Sequence analysis has placed ZO-1 into the broader membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) protein family that contains such diverse members as postsynaptic density 95 (PSD-95), Drosophila discs large tumor suppressor gene product (dlg-A), p55, and TamA. Studies in both vertebrates and invertebrates have established that the MAGUK family is involved in a wide variety of cellular functions. These functions involve the regulation of such cellular processes as: (1) tight junction formation, (2) cell proliferation, (3) cell differentiation, and (4) neuronal synapse transmission. Extending these studies, we report the presence of a ZO-1 homologue in Hydra vulgaris, a member of the Cnidaria, the second oldest phylum of the animal kingdom. Hydra ZO-1 (HZO-1) is encoded by a single messenger RNA (mRNA) of approximately 6.0 kb that contains an open reading frame of 5,085 bp. The 191 kDa predicted protein consists of a characteristic MAGUK domain structure, including three PSD-95/SAP90, discs-large, ZO-1 (PDZ) domains, a src homology (SH3) domain, and a guanylate kinase (GUK) domain. Western blot analysis using an antibody generated from a synthetic peptide designed from the HZO-1 sequence confirmed the presence of a Hydra protein of the appropriate mass. While whole mount in situ hybridization determined that HZO-1 mRNA was expressed along the entire longitudinal axis of Hydra, cross-sectional analysis established that HZO-1 mRNA expression was restricted to the ectoderm or outer cell layer of the organism’s epithelial bilayer. Consistent with this mRNA expression pattern, immunofluorescence studies localized HZO-1 protein to the apical plasma membrane of ectodermal cells. It is unclear what role HZ0-1 has in the cellular physiology of Hydra; however, immunolocalization studies indicate a conserved plasma membrane-associated function(s), as reported for its counterparts in other invertebrate and vertebrate species. These studies establish that the MAGUK family of proteins with a membrane-associated function arose early during metazoan evolution, even before the divergence of protostomes and deuterostomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004270000103
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